Blood volume, blood pressure and total body sodium: internal signalling and output control

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Output Control ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Total Body

Significance of Increase in Labelled Albumin Disappearance Rate in Arterial Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 211s-213s
Author(s):  
M. Ulrych ◽  
Z. Ulrych
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Relationships between labelled albumin disappearance rate (LADR), plasma volume, blood volume, plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure (BP) were studied in normotensive control subjects and patients with hypertension of different aetiology and severity. In essential hypertensive patients without complications an inverse linear relationship was found between blood pressure and plasma or blood volume. 2. Very close inverse correlations were found between LADR and PRA in both normotensive subjects and patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. LADR appears to be an excellent reference standard for PRA. 3. It is postulated that LADR mainly reflects the relation between circulating fluid and vascular capacitance tone. LADR is increased in hypertension and blood volume may still be inappropriately high.

Interstitial Correction of Blood Volume Decrease during Hemodialysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 626-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Kouw ◽  
P.M.J.M. De Vries ◽  
P.L Oe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Fluid Shift ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Dialysate Sodium ◽  
Volume Decrease

The etiology of hypotension during hemodialysis is multifactorial. Probably a decrease in blood volume caused by ultrafiltration, and acetate are both involved, while refilling from the interstitium acts as a compensatory mechanism. An osmotically induced transcellular fluid shift to intracellular might reduce the refilling capacity. This study investigated the effect of ultrafiltration on blood volume, blood pressure and refilling. The role of acetate and blood volume decrease in hypotension was established and intra- and extracellular fluid changes were calculated. Blood volume decrease depended on ultrafiltration: at high ultrafiltration rates refilling failed, apparently more so at high acetate plasma levels. An isolated blood volume decrease did not lower blood pressure. Concomitant high acetate levels caused hypotension and also seemed to reduce refilling. Nearly all refilling fluid came from the extracelullar compartment. Only high dialysate sodium concentrations gave rise to an intracellular loss.

Electrolytes and blood pressure of rats drinking sodium chloride solutions

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur S. Haight ◽  
John M. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Systolic Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Pressure Changes

Eighty per cent of rats surviving 8–12 weeks when given 1.75 or 2.0% sodium chloride solution in place of drinking water had at least 20 mm Hg elevation of systolic arterial blood pressure. Changes in tissue water and electrolytes were: a) a consistent increase in sodium, potassium, and chloride contents of aorta; b) an increase in sodium and extracellular water contents of muscle, more marked in skeletal than heart muscle; c) marked muscle potassium depletion in one series; and d) an increase in total body sodium and a tendency toward hypernatremia. At the time of sacrifice no consistent association was evident between blood pressure elevation and water and electrolyte changes.

Effect of Total Body X-Irradiation on Plasma Volume, Red Cell Volume, Blood Volume and Thiocyanate Space in Normal and Splenectomized Rats

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee-Chang Huang ◽  
James H. Bondurant
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Total Body

A single dose of 600 r of x-ray was given to groups of nonanesthetized normal and splenectomized rats. Simultaneous estimations of plasma volume, red cell volume, and thiocyanate space were performed in these animals before and after x-irradiation. In normal rats plasma volume decreased in the first 8 days postirradiation but showed a significant increase by the 10th day. The reduction of red cell volume and hematocrit developed gradually and was markedly shown by the 10th day. The blood volume after irradiation was generally larger than that of the normal value. The SCN space increased on the 4th day after irradiation then decreased in the next period and was elevated again by the 10th day postirradiation. In splenectomized rats the change of SCN space was similar to that observed in normal rats and the changes of blood volume were varied. A marked reduction of red cell volume with an increase, probably compensatory, of plasma volume, developed in these rats by the 4th day after x-irradiation.

Exchangeable Sodium in Rats with Goldblatt Two-Kidney One-Clip Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McAreavey ◽  
W. B. Brown ◽  
J. I. S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control

1. Exchangeable sodium (NaE) was measured serially in rats given a sodium-free diet to eat with sodium chloride solution (85 mmol/l) containing 22Na to drink. 2. After 15 days, nine rats had a left renal artery clip applied; nine had a sham operation. 3. There was no significant difference in NaE between the two groups during the 6 week period after clipping, at the end of which blood pressure was 189 ± 8 mmHg (mean ± sem) in the clipped group and 150 ± 2 mmHg in the sham-operated group (P < 0·001). 4. When the clips were removed blood pressure in the hypertensive group fell to 144 ± 4 mmHg. 5. On the first day after removal of the clip NaE was significantly lower in the clipped group than in the sham-operated group, but there were no significant differences thereafter. 6. Total body sodium (TBNa), measured at death, was consistently higher than NaE by a mean of 1·25 ± 0·08 mmol, in hypertensive and control rats alike. 7. We conclude that changes in sodium balance are not a necessary accompaniment of the development of hypertension in this two-kidney one-clip rat model.

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