Seedling and adult-plant stage resistance of a world collection of barley genotypes to stripe rust

Abstract Stripe rust, also known as yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a major threat to wheat production leading to yield losses up to 84%. Due to climate change, new races of the yellow rust pathogen are appearing for which no durable source of resistance has been observed in the present high-yielding varieties. A mutation breeding programme was initiated in two popular varieties, namely PBW343 and HD2967, using gamma-ray and electron beam irradiation. Gamma-ray doses of 250, 300 and 350 Gy and electron beam doses of 150, 200 and 250 Gy were used for seed irradiation. The M2 population was screened in the field from seedling to adult plant stage by spraying a mixture of urediniospores of Pst pathotypes. Disease severity was recorded as the percentage of leaf area covered by the rust pathogen following a modified Cobb's scale. A total of 52 putative yellow rust resistant mutants in HD2967 and 63 in PBW343 were isolated. The number of mutants was higher in the electron beam irradiated population compared with gamma-rays. The absence of sporulation and spore production of the rust pathogen on the mutants indicated resistance. Mutant plants showing seedling resistance also showed resistance at adult plant stage. Seed yield and its contributing characters were better in the mutants compared with the parents. These rust resistant mutants could be novel sources of stripe rust or yellow rust resistance. The plant-to-row progenies of these mutants were confirmed and characterized in the M3 generation.

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Influence of stripe rust infection on the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system of susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars at the adult plant stage

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2015.00779 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yang-Er Chen ◽

Jun-Mei Cui ◽

Yan-Qiu Su ◽

Shu Yuan ◽

Ming Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stripe Rust ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Adult Plant Stage ◽

Rust Infection ◽

Plant Stage

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A Genome-Wide Association Study of Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei and P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Barley and Development of Resistant Germplasm

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-11-19-0415-r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 1082-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Javier Hernandez ◽

Alicia del Blanco ◽

Tanya Filichkin ◽

Scott Fisk ◽

Lynn Gallagher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stripe Rust ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Stripe Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Adult Plant Stage ◽

A Genome ◽

Plant Stage

Stripe rust (incited by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) and stem rust (incited by P. graminis f. sp. tritici) are two of the most important diseases affecting barley. Building on prior work involving the introgression of the resistance genes rpg4/Rpg5 into diverse genetic backgrounds and the discovery of additional quantitative trait locus (QTLs) for stem rust resistance, we generated an array of germplasm in which we mapped resistance to stripe rust and stem rust. Stem rust races TTKSK and QCCJB were used for resistance mapping at the seedling and adult plant stages, respectively. Resistance to stripe rust, at the adult plant stage, was determined by QTLs on chromosomes 1H, 4H, and 5H that were previously reported in the literature. The rpg4/Rpg5 complex was validated as a source of resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage. Some parental germplasm, selected as potentially resistant to stem rust or susceptible but having other positive attributes, showed resistance at the seedling stage, which appears to be allelic to rpg4/Rpg5. The rpg4/Rpg5 complex, and this new allele, were not sufficient for adult plant resistance to stem rust in one environment. A QTL on 5H, distinct from Rpg5 and a previously reported resistance QTL, was required for resistance at the adult plant stage in all environments. This QTL is coincident with the QTL for stripe rust resistance. Germplasm with mapped genes/QTLs conferring resistance to stripe and stem rust was identified and is available as a resource to the research and breeding communities.

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Control of stripe rust of wheat using indigenous endophytic bacteria at seedling and adult plant stage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93939-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tehmina Kiani ◽

Farrakh Mehboob ◽

Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder ◽

Zainy Zainy ◽

Liangsheng Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Adult Plant Stage ◽

Pr Protein ◽

Plant Stage ◽

Biocontrol Potential

AbstractStripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis tritici) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. The most effective ways to control stripe rust are the use of resistant cultivars and the timely use of an appropriate dose of fungicide. However, the changing nature of rust pathogen outwits the use of resistant cultivars, and the use of a fungicide is associated with environmental problems. To control the disease without sacrificing the environment, we screened 16 endophytic bacteria, which were isolated from stripe rust-resistant wheat cultivars in our previous study, for their biocontrol potential. A total of 5 bacterial strains Serratia marcescens 3A, Bacillus megaterium 6A, Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A, Bacillus subtilis 11A, and Staphyloccus agentis 15A showed significant inhibition of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) urediniospores germination. Two formulations i.e., fermented liquid with bacterial cell (FLBC) and fermented liquid without bacterial cells (FL) of each bacterial strain, were evaluated against the urediniospores germination. Formulations of five selected endophytic bacteria strains significantly inhibited the uredinioospores germination in the lab experiments. It was further confirmed on seedlings of Pakistani susceptible wheat cultivar Inqilab-91 in the greenhouse, as well as in semi-field conditions. FLBC and FL formulations applied 24 h before Pst inoculation (hbi) displayed a protective mode. The efficacy of FLBC was between 34.45 and 87.77%, while the efficacy of FL was between 39.27 and 85.16% when applied 24 hbi. The inoculated wheat cultivar Inqilab-91 was also tested under semi-field conditions during the 2017–2018 cropping season at the adult plant stage. The strains Bacillus megaterium 6A and Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A alone significantly reduced the disease severity of stripe rust with the efficacy of 65.16% and 61.11% for the FLBC in protective effect, while 46.07% and 44.47% in curative effect, respectively. Inoculated seedlings of Inqilab-91 showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The treated seedlings also showed higher expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, antifungal protein (PR-1), β-1,3-endoglucanases (PR-2), endochitinases (PR-4), peroxidase (PR-9), and ribonuclease-like proteins (PR-10). These results indicated that endophytic bacteria have the biocontrol potential, which can be used to manage stripe rust disease. High production antioxidant enzymes, as well as high expression of PR protein genes, might be crucial in triggering the host defense mechanism against Pst.

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Evaluations of Genomic Prediction and Identification of New Loci for Resistance to Stripe Rust Disease in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.710485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Vipin Tomar ◽

Guriqbal Singh Dhillon ◽

Daljit Singh ◽

Ravi Prakash Singh ◽

Jesse Poland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Genomic Prediction ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Diagnostic Markers ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Adult Plant Stage ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Plant Stage

Stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), and responsible for significant yield losses worldwide. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diagnostic markers were used to identify new sources of resistance at adult plant stage to wheat stripe rust (YR) in 141 CIMMYT advanced bread wheat lines over 3 years in replicated trials at Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Ludhiana. We performed a genome-wide association study and genomic prediction to aid the genetic gain by accumulating disease resistance alleles. The responses to YR in 141 advanced wheat breeding lines at adult plant stage were used to generate G × E (genotype × environment)-dependent rust scores for prediction and genome-wide association study (GWAS), eliminating variation due to climate and disease pressure changes. The lowest mean prediction accuracies were 0.59 for genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and ridge-regression BLUP (RRBLUP), while the highest mean was 0.63 for extended GBLUP (EGBLUP) and random forest (RF), using 14,563 SNPs and the G × E rust score results. RF and EGBLUP predicted higher accuracies (∼3%) than did GBLUP and RRBLUP. Promising genomic prediction demonstrates the viability and efficacy of improving quantitative rust tolerance. The resistance to YR in these lines was attributed to eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using the FarmCPU algorithm. Four (Q.Yr.bisa-2A.1, Q.Yr.bisa-2D, Q.Yr.bisa-5B.2, and Q.Yr.bisa-7A) of eight QTLs linked to the diagnostic markers were mapped at unique loci (previously unidentified for Pst resistance) and possibly new loci. The statistical evidence of effectiveness and distribution of the new diagnostic markers for the resistance loci would help to develop new stripe rust resistance sources. These diagnostic markers along with previously established markers would be used to create novel DNA biosensor-based microarrays for rapid detection of the resistance loci on large panels upon functional validation of the candidate genes identified in the present study to aid in rapid genetic gain in the future breeding programs.

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Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust at the Adult Plant Stage

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0150717 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e0150717 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yingbin Hao ◽

Ting Wang ◽

Kang Wang ◽

Xiaojie Wang ◽

Yanping Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stripe Rust ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Wheat Plant ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Adult Plant Stage ◽

Plant Stage

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Disease Resistance and Genes in 146 Wheat Cultivars (Lines) from the Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1025

Author(s):

Kangjie Ma ◽

Xiaoyan Li ◽

Ying Li ◽

Zihao Wang ◽

Bingjie Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Head Blight ◽

Adult Plant Stage ◽

Plant Stage

Wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are the three most important diseases in wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economic and effective method to control these diseases. To assess the disease resistance of commercial wheat cultivars and regional trial wheat lines in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China, 146 wheat entries were inoculated with the Chinese prevalent Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) races CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) isolate E09 under controlled greenhouse conditions, respectively; these entries were also tested with the mixed Pst races, Bgt and FHB isolates at adult-plant stage in the field, respectively. The results showed that 108 (73.97%), 83 (56.85%), 99 (67.81%), and 22 (15.07%) entries were resistant to CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, and E09 at the seedling stage, respectively; 102 (69.86%), 24 (16.44%), and 2 (1.37%) entries were resistant to stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight at the adult-plant stage, respectively. Additionally, the possible resistance gene(s) in these entries were postulated by the closely linked markers of stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, and Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb1. Combined with disease resistance and molecular markers tests, 62, nine, and three wheat entries were postulated to carry the Yr9, Yr17, Yr26 gene, respectively, and no entries contained Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr18, Pm21, and Fhb1 gene. This study laid a theoretical foundation for rational utilization of these entries and gene in wheat breeding programs and disease control.

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