Win, lose, or draw: Examining salience, reward memory, and depression with the reward positivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Hager ◽  
Matt R. Judah ◽  
Eric Rawls
Keyword(s):  
Reward Positivity

scholarly journals Neural Response to Monetary and Social Feedback Demonstrate Differential Associations with Depression and Social Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady D Nelson ◽  
Johanna M Jarcho
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Differential Association ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Trial Structure

Abstract An aberrant neural response to rewards has been linked to both depression and social anxiety. Most studies have focused on the neural response to monetary rewards, and few have tested different modalities of reward (e.g., social) that are more salient to particular forms of psychopathology. In addition, most studies contain critical confounds, including contrasting positive and negative feedback and failing to disentangle being correct from obtaining positive feedback. In the present study, 204 participants underwent electroencephalography during monetary and social feedback tasks that were matched in trial structure, timing, and feedback stimuli. The reward positivity (RewP) was measured in response to correctly identifying stimuli that resulted in monetary win, monetary loss, social like, or social dislike feedback. All monetary and social tasks elicited a RewP, which were positively correlated. Across all tasks, the RewP was negatively associated with depression and positively associated with social anxiety. The RewP to social dislike feedback, independent of monetary and social like feedback, was also associated with social anxiety. The present study suggests that a domain-general neural response to correct feedback demonstrates a differential association with depression and social anxiety, but a domain-specific neural response to social dislike feedback is uniquely associated with social anxiety.

scholarly journals Champ versus Chump: Viewing an Opponent’s Face Engages Attention but Not Reward Systems

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ralph S. Redden ◽  
Greg A. Gagliardi ◽  
Chad C. Williams ◽  
Cameron D. Hassall ◽  
Olave E. Krigolson
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Chess Player ◽  
Reward Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
Competitive Games ◽  
Reinforcement Model

When we play competitive games, the opponents that we face act as predictors of the outcome of the game. For instance, if you are an average chess player and you face a Grandmaster, you anticipate a loss. Framed in a reinforcement learning perspective, our opponents can be thought of as predictors of rewards and punishments. The present study investigates whether facing an opponent would be processed as a reward or punishment depending on the level of difficulty the opponent poses. Participants played Rock, Paper, Scissors against three computer opponents while electroencephalographic (EEG) data was recorded. In a key manipulation, one opponent (HARD) was programmed to win most often, another (EASY) was made to lose most often, and the third (AVERAGE) had equiprobable outcomes of wins, losses, and ties. Through practice, participants learned to anticipate the relative challenge of a game based on the opponent they were facing that round. An analysis of our EEG data revealed that winning outcomes elicited a reward positivity relative to losing outcomes. Interestingly, our analysis of the predictive cues (i.e., the opponents’ faces) demonstrated that attentional engagement (P3a) was contextually sensitive to anticipated game difficulty. As such, our results for the predictive cue are contrary to what one might expect for a reinforcement model associated with predicted reward, but rather demonstrate that the neural response to the predictive cue was encoding the level of engagement with the opponent as opposed to value relative to the anticipated outcome.

Feedback information and the reward positivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Cockburn ◽  
Clay B. Holroyd
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Information ◽  
Reward Positivity

scholarly journals Reward Sensitivity of ACC as an Intermediate Phenotype between DRD4-521T and Substance Misuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis E. Baker ◽  
Tim Stockwell ◽  
Gordon Barnes ◽  
Roderick Haesevoets ◽  
Clay B. Holroyd
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Functional Polymorphisms ◽  
Reward Positivity

The development and expression of the midbrain dopamine system is determined in part by genetic factors that vary across individuals such that dopamine-related genes are partly responsible for addiction vulnerability. However, a complete account of how dopamine-related genes predispose individuals to drug addiction remains to be developed. Adopting an intermediate phenotype approach, we investigated whether reward-related electrophysiological activity of ACC—a cortical region said to utilize dopamine reward signals to learn the value of extended, context-specific sequences of goal-directed behaviors—mediates the influence of multiple dopamine-related functional polymorphisms over substance use. We used structural equation modeling to examine whether two related electrophysiological phenomena associated with the control and reinforcement learning functions of ACC—theta power and the reward positivity—mediated the relationship between the degree of substance misuse and genetic polymorphisms that regulate dopamine processing in frontal cortex. Substance use data were collected from 812 undergraduate students. One hundred ninety-six returned on a subsequent day to participate in an electrophysiological experiment and to provide saliva samples for DNA analysis. We found that these electrophysiological signals mediated a relationship between the DRD4-521T dopamine receptor genotype and substance misuse. Our results provide a theoretical framework that bridges the gap between genes and behavior in drug addiction and illustrate how future interventions might be individually tailored for specific genetic and neurocognitive profiles.

Trait anger and the reward positivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliona Tsypes ◽  
Douglas Jozef Angus ◽  
Stephanie Martin ◽  
Kevin Kemkes ◽  
Eddie Harmon-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anger ◽  
Reward Positivity

scholarly journals Risk and Resilience in an Acute Stress Paradigm: Evidence From Salivary Cortisol and Time-Frequency Analysis of the Reward Positivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 872-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Ethridge ◽  
Nida Ali ◽  
Sarah E. Racine ◽  
Jens C. Pruessner ◽  
Anna Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Reward Responsivity

Both abnormal stress and reward responsivity are consistently linked to multiple forms of psychopathology; however, the nature of the associations between stress and reward sensitivity remains poorly understood. In the present study, we examined associations between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis stress response and event-related potentials sensitive to the receipt of reward-related feedback in a pre–post experimental paradigm. Neural responses were recorded while male participants completed a simple monetary-reward guessing task before and after the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. Results demonstrated that acute psychosocial stress significantly reduced the magnitude of neural responses to feedback in the reward-sensitive delta-frequency band but not the loss-sensitive theta-frequency band. In addition, a larger delta-frequency response to rewards at baseline predicted reduced overall cortisol response in the stress condition. These findings suggest, therefore, that neural reward circuitry may be associated with both risk for and resilience to stress-related psychopathology.

The application of reward learning in the real world: Changes in the reward positivity amplitude reflect learning in a medical education context

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad C. Williams ◽  
Kent G. Hecker ◽  
Michael K. Paget ◽  
Sylvain P. Coderre ◽  
Kelly W. Burak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
The Real ◽  
Reward Positivity

scholarly journals Blunted Neural Reward Responsiveness and Recent Suicidal Ideation in Children and Adolescents: Failure to Replicate Across Two Independent Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin J. Gallyer ◽  
Kreshnik Burani ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mulligan ◽  
Nicholas Santopetro ◽  
Sean P. Dougherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

AbstractA recent study by Tsypes, Owens, and Gibb (2019) found that children with recent suicidal ideation had blunted neural reward processing, as measured by the reward positivity (RewP), compared to matched controls, and that this difference was driven by reduced neural responses to monetary loss, rather than blunted neural response to monetary reward. Here, we aimed to conceptually replicate and extend these findings in two large samples of children and adolescents (n = 275 and n = 235). Results from our conceptual replication found no evidence that children and adolescents with suicidal ideation have abnormal reward or loss processing. We extended these findings in a longitudinal sample of children and adolescents with two time points and found no evidence that reward- or loss-related ERPs predict changes in suicidal ideation. The results highlight the need for greater statistical power, and continued research examining the neural underpinnings of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

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