A Formal Approach to Specifications in Conceptual Design

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kusiak ◽  
E. Szczerbicki
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Formal Method ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Design Requirements

In this paper, a methodology for the specification stage in conceptual design is presented. The specification stage provides requirements and transforms them into functions of the designed object. It occurs at the highest level of abstraction and it must provide enough information for the synthesis process where functions are transformed into design components that are further synthesized into the designed object. The proposed approach includes the following issues: specification of requirements, specification of functions, incorporation of logic into functional and requirement trees, representation of requirements-functions interaction, and optimization in the functional space. The methodology presented is illustrated with examples. Key words: design requirements, design specifications, conceptual design, design process, artificial intelligence, formal method

A Formal Approach to Design Specifications

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kusiak ◽  
Edward Szczerbicki
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Requirements Specification ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Active Interaction

Abstract In this paper a methodology for the specification stage in conceptual design is presented. It allows for problem solving in an active interaction with the designer. An important part of the proposed methodology is the requiremental and functional tree representing the overall logic and structure of the design problem. The specification stage aims at providing requirements and transforming them into functions of the designed object. It occurs at the highest level of abstraction and it must provide enough information to begin the synthesis process where functions are transformed into design components that are further synthesized into the designed object. The proposed approach was motivated by the following problems: specification of requirements, specification of functions, incorporation of logic into functional and requiremental trees, representation of requirements-functions interaction, and optimization in the functional space. The methodology presented is illustrated with examples.

Constrained FBS knowledge cell model, representation, and applications for conceptual design

2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (11) ◽  
pp. 1773-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ma ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Jin-Feng Feng ◽  
Jin Qi ◽  
Ying-Hong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Reuse ◽  
Representation Model ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Design Knowledge Reuse

Conceptual design plays a pivotal role in generating creative design solutions and, in most cases, reuse of existing design knowledge is necessary. However, lack of a consistent design knowledge representation model and neglect of an integrated approach to support various formats of design knowledge reuse constrain conceptual design from transforming design requirements into practical promising design solutions. In order to solve these problems, this paper presents a constrained function-behavior-structure knowledge cell (CFBS) model to provide conceptual design process with a consistent knowledge representation model. CFBS-based integrated approach for design knowledge reuse is proposed, which includes three-level CFBS retrieval process to obtain most relevant CFBS expressed in various types, three-stage design synthesis process to produce suggested design solutions, and evaluation process to select the most feasible design solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed design process was illustrated with conceptual design of the micro-feed drive module of insulin pump based on the CFBS library.

Conceptual Design of Fixed Center Steering Wheels

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Fu Guo ◽  
Hong-Sen Yan ◽  
Chao-Chieh Lan ◽  
Shin-Tsung Huang
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Creative Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Topological Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Center

Various patents relating fixed center steering wheels are studied. The corresponding topological characteristics, design specifications, and design requirements and constraints of mechanisms are concluded. A methodology for the creative design of mechanisms is applied to generate all possible design concepts of mechanisms subjected to the concluded design requirements and constraints. In conclusion, 29 new design concepts of fixed center steering wheels are synthesized.

Conceptual design of the hybrid hydraulic system based on adjacency matrices operations

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1190
Author(s):  
Ming Xiang ◽  
Delun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Adjacency Matrix ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Directional Control ◽  
Adjacency Matrices ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Distribution Of Flow

This paper presents a new method to describe the selection design of directional control valves in the form of matrix. The directional control valves in hybrid are the basic units to implement the distribution of flow in the hydraulic system. Both the design requirements of the hybrid hydraulic system and the basic units are expressed by the adjacency matrices. Therefore, the selection design of directional control valves is the process to decompose the adjacency matrix of the system into a series of sub-matrices according to the decomposition rules. The defined rules of adjacency matrices are obtained according with the composite physical model of several valves. For obtaining easily the selection design of directional control valves, the library of basic units is established. The style of directional control valves is obtained by matching the sub-matrices with the matrices of basic units. Through configuring the others components, a thorough conceptual design process of the hydraulic system is established. Example is given to illustrate the whole design process in detail.

scholarly journals Parasitic Architectural Forms (PAF) S01.E02 “Methodology and Ontology”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
T Baroš ◽  
D Katunský
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Final Design ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper is to present the chosen methodology for research and thus approach the design process through biomimicry. The described methodology is applied in parasitic architecture research, focusing on developing the experimental design of architectural structure using artificial intelligence and thus approach and support the central hypothesis of the work -the effort to create self-designing and self-growing / developing architecture. Furthermore, the paper outlines the ontology as a model of knowledge, a source of data for the developed software © PAF A.I. and a source of inspiration influencing the final design of the proposed architectural structure. The way in which such an ontological resource is processed for research purposes and how it participates in the final design within the verification and validation of the whole conceptual design is also described. Besides, the paper explains why the ontology in question is essential and what was established as its content.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Conceptual Design of Mechanisms by Parsing Design Specifications

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dar-Zen Chen ◽  
Wei-Ming Pai
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Kinematic Structure ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Stroke Engine

In this paper, design specifications for the conceptual design of mechanisms are parsed into three coherent categories: functional requirements, structural requirements, and design constraints. Based on functional requirements, the functioning kinematic chain of a mechanism can be constructed by connecting the functioning links accordingly. From structural requirements, admissible kinematic structures are searched from the existing atlases of kinematic structures. Those admissible kinematic structures, which comprise at least one segment with the same characteristics of the functioning kinematic chain, are identified as compatible kinematic structures. Thus, feasible mechanisms that fulfill design specifications can be yielded by labeling joints in the compatible kinematic structures subject to design constraints. With this methodology, classified design specifications are used to guide designer through various stages of the conceptual design process in a systematic manner. The creation of the variable-stroke engine mechanism [Freudenstein, F., Maki, E. R., 1983, “Development of an Optimum Variable-Stroke Internal-Combustion Engine Mechanism From the Viewpoint of Kinematic Structure,” ASME J. Mech., Trans., Automat., Des., Vol. 105, pp. 259–267] is used as an illustrative example.

scholarly journals Mapping value sensitive design onto AI for social good principles

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Umbrello ◽  
Ibo van de Poel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

AbstractValue sensitive design (VSD) is an established method for integrating values into technical design. It has been applied to different technologies and, more recently, to artificial intelligence (AI). We argue that AI poses a number of challenges specific to VSD that require a somewhat modified VSD approach. Machine learning (ML), in particular, poses two challenges. First, humans may not understand how an AI system learns certain things. This requires paying attention to values such as transparency, explicability, and accountability. Second, ML may lead to AI systems adapting in ways that ‘disembody’ the values embedded in them. To address this, we propose a threefold modified VSD approach: (1) integrating a known set of VSD principles (AI4SG) as design norms from which more specific design requirements can be derived; (2) distinguishing between values that are promoted and respected by the design to ensure outcomes that not only do no harm but also contribute to good, and (3) extending the VSD process to encompass the whole life cycle of an AI technology to monitor unintended value consequences and redesign as needed. We illustrate our VSD for AI approach with an example use case of a SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing app.

scholarly journals Conceptual Design of Electromechanical Actuation Systems for Large-Sized Directional Control Valves

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Tobias Vonderbank ◽  
Katharina Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Function Structure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Conceptual Designs ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Electromechanical Actuation ◽  
Function Structures ◽  
Valve Actuation

Increasing performance in modern hydraulics is achieved by a close investigation of possible enhancements of its components. Prior research has pointed out that electromechanical actuators can form suitable alternatives to hydraulically piloted control systems. Since the requirements at these actuation systems depend on the operating conditions of the system, each actuator can be optimized to the respective hydraulic system. Considering that many different conceptual designs are suitable, the phase of conceptual design plays a decisive role during the design process. Therefore, this paper focuses on the process of developing new conceptual designs for electromechanical valve actuation systems using the method of function structures. Aiming to identify special design features, which need to be considered during the design process of electromechanical actuation systems, an exemplary actuator was designed based on the derived function structure. To highlight the potential of function structures for the development of new electromechanical valve actuation systems, two principal concepts, which allow the reduction of the necessary forces, have been developed by extending the function structure. These concepts have been experimentally investigated to identify their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Explicating concepts in reasoning from function to form by two-step innovative abductions

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Kroll ◽  
Lauri Koskela
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Design Reasoning

AbstractThe mechanism of design reasoning from function to form is suggested to consist of a two-step inference of the innovative abduction type. First is an inference from a desired functional aspect to an idea, concept, or solution principle to satisfy the function. This is followed by a second innovative abduction, from the latest concept to form, structure, or mechanism. The intermediate entity in the logical reasoning, the concept, is thus made explicit, which is significant in following and understanding a specific design process, for educating designers, and to build a logic-based computational model of design. The idea of a two-step abductive reasoning process is developed from the critical examination of several propositions made by others. We use the notion of innovative abduction in design, as opposed to such abduction where the question is about selecting among known alternatives, and we adopt a previously proposed two-step process of abductive reasoning. However, our model is different in that the two abductions used follow the syllogistic pattern of innovative abduction. In addition to using a schematic example from the literature to demonstrate our derivation, we apply the model to an existing, empirically derived method of conceptual design called “parameter analysis” and use two examples of real design processes. The two synthetic steps of the method are shown to follow the proposed double innovative abduction scheme, and the design processes are presented as sequences of double abductions from function to concept and from concept to form, with a subsequent deductive evaluation step.

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