Lung tumor MHCII immunity depends on in situ antigen presentation by fibroblasts

A key unknown of the functional space in tumor immunity is whether CD4 T cells depend on intratumoral MHCII cancer antigen recognition. MHCII-expressing, antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAFs) have been found in breast and pancreatic tumors and are considered to be immunosuppressive. This analysis shows that antigen-presenting fibroblasts are frequent in human lung non-small cell carcinomas, where they seem to actively promote rather than suppress MHCII immunity. Lung apCAFs directly activated the TCRs of effector CD4 T cells and at the same time produced C1q, which acted on T cell C1qbp to rescue them from apoptosis. Fibroblast-specific MHCII or C1q deletion impaired CD4 T cell immunity and accelerated tumor growth, while inducing C1qbp in adoptively transferred CD4 T cells expanded their numbers and reduced tumors. Collectively, we have characterized in the lungs a subset of antigen-presenting fibroblasts with tumor-suppressive properties and propose that cancer immunotherapies might be strongly dependent on in situ MHCII antigen presentation.

Convex Inequalities and Functional Space with the Convex Semi-Norm

In this article, we establish new characterizations of convex functions, prove some connected convex type integral inequality; consider the pair of convex functions as the dual semi-norms in functional space. The properties of the integral operators are considered in the scales of the convex semi-norm under the standard conditions on singular kernels.

Principal stages of speech pragmasemantic sense formation and methods of its analysis

The article is devoted to peculiarities and differences of two linguistic fields semantics and pragmatics. The objective of the work is to state the extent of participation of semantic and pragmatic parameters in the process of sense formation. The relevance of the study is beyond doubt, since the pragmasemantic analysis of discourse functional space helps to identify the potential of linguistic means in the process of forming meanings and their transformation into integral sense under the influence of contextual factors, and to determine optimal ways of expressing communicative intention of the author of the discourse and of providing adequate understanding of the sense by the referent. The author also describes main features, differences and similarities of the concepts text and discourse. The specificity of semantic and pragmatic meanings, their correlation and the degree of participation in formation of discourse functional space are analyzed. On the basis of this, the algorithm for pragmasemantic sense formation is deduced. The author emphasizes that the initial meaning is formed by a semantic meaning, in the process of speech actualizing it is supplemented with a pragmatic meaning, which is further transformed into a pragmatic and semantic and communicative-pragmatic sense. This process is illustrated by fragments from works of fiction by contemporary English-speaking authors. The research uses semantic and pragmatic analysis and discourse analysis as the principal methods. The author describes their features, and proves the viability of their application to the object of the research. The author comes to the conclusion that the pragmasemantic analysis of English discourse makes it possible to understand the mechanisms of formation of meanings and sense of a speech work. The contribution of both semantics and pragmatics to the overall communicative interaction is undeniable, since any communication is necessarily analyzed taking into account semantic and pragmatic aspects.

Dynamical Symmetries of the 2D Newtonian Free Fall Problem Revisited

Among the few exactly solvable problems in theoretical physics, the 2D (two-dimensional) Newtonian free fall problem in Euclidean space is perhaps the least known as compared to the harmonic oscillator or the Kepler–Coulomb problems. The aim of this article is to revisit this problem at the classical level as well as the quantum level, with a focus on its dynamical symmetries. We show how these dynamical symmetries arise as a special limit of the dynamical symmetries of the Kepler–Coulomb problem, and how a connection to the quartic anharmonic oscillator problem, a long-standing unsolved problem in quantum mechanics, can be established. To this end, we construct the Hilbert space of states with free boundary conditions as a space of square integrable functions that have a special functional integral representation. In this functional space, the free fall dynamical symmetry algebra is shown to be isomorphic to the so-called Klink’s algebra of the quantum quartic anharmonic oscillator problem. Furthermore, this connection entails a remarkable integral identity for the quantum quartic anharmonic oscillator eigenfunctions, which implies that these eigenfunctions are in fact zonal functions of an underlying symmetry group representation. Thus, an appropriate representation theory for the 2D Newtonian free fall quantum symmetry group may potentially open the way to exactly solving the difficult quantization problem of the quartic anharmonic oscillator. Finally, the initial value problem of the acoustic Klein–Gordon equation for wave propagation in a sound duct with a varying circular section is solved as an illustration of the techniques developed here.

Application of 3D Visualization for Quarantine and Treatment Centre (PKRC) Layouts in Malaysia Agriculture Expo Park Serdang (MAEPS)

This study aims to develop a reference platform when converting Malaysia Agriculture Expo Park Serdang (MAEPS) to the Low-Risk COVID-19 Quarantine and Treatment Centre (PKRC) in facing the increased numbers of Covid-19. This study applied qualitative methodologies and further developed 3D modeling involving AutoCAD, SketchUp, and V-Ray software. The findings enhance our understanding of how a multi-functional space transformed into the ideal spaces needed. The limitation is developing a 3D model visualization of MAEPS on Phase 1 and Phase 2 at the main hall. The application of 3D visualization potentially becomes a reference to creating the quarantine center in the future. Keywords: Covid-19; pandemic; quarantine center; 3D modelling eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3055

The Fractal Geometry of TiAlNiAu Thin Film Metal System and Its Sheet Resistance (Lateral Size Effect)

This paper investigates the relation between the geometry of metric space of a TiAlNiAu thin film metal system and the geometry of normed functional space of its sheet resistances (functionals), which are elements of the functional space. The investigation provides a means to describe a lateral size effect that involves a dependency in local approximation of sheet resistance Rsq of TiAlNiAu metal film on its lateral linear dimensions (in (x,y) plane). This dependency is defined by fractal geometry of dendrites, or, more specifically, it is a power-law dependency on fractal dimension Df value. The revealed relation has not only fundamental but also a great practical importance both for a precise calculation of thin film metal system Rsq values in designing discreet devices and ICs, and for controlling results at micro- and nanoscale in producing workflow for thin metal films and systems based on them.

Propulsion performances study for a chemical tank

The design of a propulsion system for each ship must take into consideration a large number of factors. Some important factors that will lead to obtaining an efficient propulsion system are: the integration of a large number of elements in a functional space, selection of suitable components, the efficiency assessment taking into account functional safety and comfort criteria for crew and passengers. Considering the factors listed above, the analysis and design of the propulsion system for a chemical tank was performed. To choose the optimal components, the propulsion performance for this ship was analysed using 4 different engines. The operation of the propeller behind the ship has an effect on both the structure of the ship and the navigation conditions of the crew on board. Ttherefore, in the last part of the paper will be presented the effect of the operation of the propeller chosen for the chemical tank. In this sense, the surface forces induced by the propeller that appear in the stern vault will also be a center of interest in this work.

Mapping and characterizing animals’ places of interest in forest environment

Fauna impacts its environment as well as spatial environment influences fauna space use. Forest management implies taking into account pressure from animals in fragile-balanced patches. Our goal is to propose maps that would benefit forest planning by reflecting individual movement and space use depending on the animal species and local spatiotemporal environment. The study case focuses on two species, roe deer and red deer, and on a forested site in the northeast of France. Movements of several individuals were analysed from collected GPS locations. Foraging places likely to correspond to intense research behaviour were computed using the First-Passage Time method. These places were assumed as being of interest and were characterized with landscape features and temporal information. Maps were produced to synthetize information about foraging places by defining adapted symbolizations. Then maps about functional space were proposed based on extrapolation of favourable or avoided areas from the characterized observed foraging places and space use. Landscape patches were mapped according to a gradient of potential interest by animals’ species, in order to highlight needs of specific planning actions in the forestry context. Map displays were driven by forestry end-use and designed so that to be compliant to a numeric geographical portal, giving access to different available on-line layers and computed created ones.

Deformations of supergravity and supersymmetry anomalies

We present a BRST analysis of supersymmetry anomalies of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 supersymmetric quantum field theories with anomalous R symmetry. To this end, we consider the coupling of the matter theory to classical $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 new minimal supergravity. We point out that a supersymmetry anomaly cocycle associated to the U(1)R field does exist for this theory. It is non-trivial in the space of supergravity fields (and ghosts), but it becomes BRST-exact in the functional space that includes antifields. Equivalently, the U(1)R supersymmetry anomaly cocycle vanishes “on-shell”. It is therefore removable. However, to remove it — precisely because it is not trivial in the smaller space of fields — one needs to deform the supergravity BRST operator. This deformation is triggered, at first order in the anomaly coefficient, by a local operator S1 of ghost number 1. We give a cohomological characterization of S1 and compute it in full detail. At higher orders in the anomaly coefficient, we expect a priori that further deformations of the BRST rules are necessary.

Decadal shifts in traits of reef fish communities in marine reserves

Marine reserves are known to impact the biomass, biodiversity, and functions of coral reef fish communities, but the effect of protective management on fish traits is less explored. We used a time-series modelling approach to simultaneously evaluate the abundance, biomass, and traits of eight fish families over a chronosequence spanning 44 years of protection. We constructed a multivariate functional space based on six traits known to respond to management or disturbance and affect ecosystem processes: size, diet, position in the water column, gregariousness, reef association, and length at maturity. We show that biomass increased with a log-linear trend over the time-series, but abundance only increased after 20 years of closure, and with more variation among reserves. This difference is attributed to recovery rates being dependent on body sizes. Abundance-weighted traits and the associated multivariate space of the community change is driven by increased proportions over time of the trait categories: 7–15 cm body size; planktivorous; species low in the water column; medium-large schools; and species with high levels of reef association. These findings suggest that the trait compositions emerging after the cessation of fishing are novel and dynamic.