scholarly journals Theoretical Tools to Analyze Anorectal Mechanophysiological Data Generated by the Fecobionics Device

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liao ◽  
S. C. Chen ◽  
K. M. Lo ◽  
J. Zhao ◽  
K. Futaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Function ◽  
Fecal Continence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Rectal Compliance ◽  
Defecatory Function ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mechanical Approach

A mechanical approach is needed for understanding anorectal function and defecation. Fecal continence is achieved by several interacting mechanisms including anatomical factors, anorectal sensation, rectal compliance, stool consistency, anal muscle strength, motility, and psychological factors. The balance is easily disturbed, resulting in symptoms such as fecal incontinence and constipation. Novel technologies have been developed in recent years for studying anorectal function. Especially, the Fecobionics device, a simulated feces, has gained attention recently. This facilitates new analysis of anorectal mechanical function. In this study, a theoretical model is developed to analyze anorectal mechanophysiological data generated by the Fecobionics device. Theoretical approaches can enhance future interdisciplinary research for unraveling defecatory function, sensory-motor disorders, and symptoms. This is a step in the direction of personalized treatment for gastrointestinal disorders based on optimized subtyping of anorectal disorders.

Simulated stool for assessment of anorectal physiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (4) ◽  
pp. G462-G468
Author(s):  
Ssu-Chi Chen ◽  
Kaori Futaba ◽  
Wing Wa Leung ◽  
Cherry Wong ◽  
Tony Mak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Function ◽  
Anorectal Physiology ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Dynamic Measurements ◽  
Rectal Compliance ◽  
Defecatory Function ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Anorectal Diseases ◽  
Advanced Analysis

Fecal continence is maintained by several mechanisms including anatomical factors, anorectal sensation, rectal compliance, stool consistency, anal muscle strength, mobility, and psychological factors. The homeostatic balance is easily disturbed, resulting in symptoms including fecal incontinence and constipation. Current technologies for assessment of anorectal function have limitations. Overlap exist between data obtained in different patient groups, and there is lack of correlation between measurements and symptoms. This review describes a novel technology named Fecobionics for assessment of anorectal physiology. Fecobionics is a simulated stool, capable of dynamic measurements of a variety of variables during defecation in a single examination. The data facilitate novel analysis of defecatory function as well as providing the foundation for modeling studies of anorectal behavior. The advanced analysis can enhance our physiological understanding of defecation and future interdisciplinary research for unraveling defecatory function, anorectal sensory-motor disorders, and symptoms. This is a step in the direction of improved diagnosis of anorectal diseases.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Functional Dyspepsia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Tziatzios ◽  
Paraskevas Gkolfakis ◽  
Ioannis S. Papanikolaou ◽  
Ruchi Mathur ◽  
Mark Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most prevalent chronic functional gastrointestinal disorders. Several distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, including gastro duodenal motor disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, brain-gut interactions, duodenal subtle inflammation, and genetic susceptibility, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, so far. However, emerging evidence suggests that both quantitative and qualitative disturbances of the gastrointestinal microbiota may also be implicated. In this context, several studies have demonstrated differences of the commensal bacterial community between patients with FD and healthy controls, while others have shown that intestinal dysbiosis might associate with disease’s symptoms severity. Elucidating these complex interactions constituting the microbiota and host crosstalk, may eventually lead to the discovery of novel, targeted therapeutic approaches that may be efficacious in treating the multiple aspects of the disorder. In this review, we summarize the data of the latest research with focus on the association between gut microbiota alterations and host regarding the pathogenesis of FD.

What is “hypermobile” water?: detected in alkali halide, adenosine phosphate, and F-actin solutions by high-resolution microwave dielectric spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkali Halide ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Microwave Dielectric ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Adenosine Phosphate ◽  
Mechanical Approach

Abstract Experimental observation by high-resolution microwave dielectric spectroscopy of hydration properties of alkali halide ions, adenosine phosphate ions, and F-actin revealed the existence of hypermobile water (HMW) molecules around those solutes. To understand the molecular process of HMW, two theoretical approaches are reviewed here. One is based on a statistical mechanical approach to analyze the rotational freedom of water molecules around a charged particle. Another approach reports direct calculation of dielectric relaxation process of water molecules around an ion. Experimentally observed HMW molecules are theoretically explained with the significance of multi-correlations among an ion and water molecules.

scholarly journals Acute effects of therapeutic irradiation for prostatic carcinoma on anorectal function

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
E K Yeoh ◽  
A Russo ◽  
R Botten ◽  
R Fraser ◽  
D Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Faecal Incontinence ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Anorectal Function ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Rectal Compliance ◽  
Rectal Distension ◽  
Rectal Sensation ◽  
Faecal Urgency

Aim—The incidence of anorectal symptoms after radiotherapy (RTH) for localised pelvic malignant disease is unclear. In addition, the effects of pelvic irradiation on both anorectal motility and sensory function are poorly defined. A prospective study was therefore performed on 35 patients (55–82 years of age) with localised prostatic carcinoma before and four to six weeks after RTH to assess its effects on anorectal function.Methods—Anorectal symptoms were assessed by questionnaire. Anorectal pressures at rest and in response to voluntary squeeze, rectal distension, and increases in intra-abdominal pressure were evaluated with perfused sleeve side hole manometry. Rectal sensation was tested during graded balloon distension. Rectal compliance was calculated by the pressure-volume relation obtained during the testing of rectal sensation. Ultrasound was used to determine anal sphincter structure and integrity.Results—RTH had no effect on anal sphincter morphology. The frequency of defecation increased after RTH (7 (3–21) v 10 (3–56) bowel actions a week; p<0.01). After RTH, 16 patients had faecal urgency and eight faecal incontinence, compared with five and one respectively before RTH (p<0.01 for each). Basal and squeeze sleeve recorded pressures were reduced after RTH (54 (3)v 49 (3) mm Hg (p<0.05) and 111 (8)v 102 (8) mm Hg (p<0.01), before and after RTH respectively; means (SEM)). Rectal compliance was reduced after RTH (1.2 v 1.4 mm Hg/ml, p<0.05). After RTH, threshold volumes for perception of rectal distension were lower in the 16 patients who either experienced faecal urgency for the first time (13 patients) or reported worsening of this symptom (three patients) compared with the remaining patients (34 (4)v 48 (5) ml respectively, p<0.05).Conclusion—Faecal incontinence (23%) is a common problem four to six weeks after RTH for prostatic carcinoma and is associated with minor reductions in anal sphincter pressures. The high prevalence of faecal urgency in patients after RTH may be related to alterations in rectal perception of stool.

Ultrastructural Study of Rat Colon Following Psyllium Ingestion

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
F.G. Lightfoot ◽  
L.E. Grau ◽  
M.M. Cassidy ◽  
G.R. Tadvalkar ◽  
G.V. Vahouny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Morphologic Analysis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Psyllium hydrophillic mucilloid is a natural gelling fiber consumed by a large population of our society. It is used as a bulk-producing laxative and in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as “Irritable Bowel Syndrome”. The literature pertaining to the ultrastructural effects of this agent is sparse.This study documents morphological changes induced by psyllium. Animals fed a diet containing 2% psyllium for four weeks were subsequently sacrificed and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The colon contained fecal material combined with psyllium which conformed to the contour of the luminal surface. This mixture formed surface replicas of the intestinal mucosa. These replicas and their related colonic sites were processed for morphologic analysis.

Implications of spastic motor disorders in patients with reflux symptoms

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A429-A429
Author(s):  
A ALRAKAWI ◽  
R CLOUSE
Keyword(s):  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Reflux Symptoms
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