scholarly journals Development Towards a Fuel Flexible Combustion System

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Common Factor ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Petroleum Distillate ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Alcohol Fuels

Due to limited reserves of crude oil and natural gas, it is generally accepted that fuel prices will continue to rise. Associated with cost increase is a strong possibility that quality of petroleum distillate fuels will deteriorate, particularly for power generation. Several techniques are available or are being developed to produce fuels from non-petroleum sources, including liquids and gases from coal and vegetation. Liquid fuels will fall into two categories: a synthetic distillate with lower hydrogen content and a significant amount of fuel-bound nitrogen unless further hydrogenation is carried out; and light alcohol fuels with lower calorific values than present distillates. Gases produced will vary considerably dependent on the process and original material, but a common factor will be medium to low calorific values in terms of Btu/scf and a tendency to have high inert gas content. The efficiency of energy conversion of various materials is higher when gas is produced (70–85%) than liquid (40–65%). The efficiency of conversion being the ratio of the available energy from the products to the input energy of the feed.

Bio-social determinants of health-related quality of life of middle aged (45–59 years) population in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Aarti Nagarkar ◽  
Snehal Kulkarni ◽  
Rashmi Gadkari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Component Scores

Purpose Inadequate research on midlife health-related quality of life particularly in low-and-middle-income countries has often led to poor recognition of the issues in health programmes and policy. To address these concerns, this study was aimed at examining health-related quality of life and its determinants in middle-aged (45–59 years) men and women in low-resource settings in India. Methods Data on health-related quality of life and other relevant parameters were collected from 1112 individuals between 45 and 59 years of age from an urban agglomeration of Pune, India. Independent t-test was used to determine the association between means of Short Form-12 and other variables. Multilinear regression analyses were conducted to study the direction of these associations. Results The mean physical and mental component scores were 45.33 (±8.88) and 51.48 (±9.87), respectively. After adjusting for other variables, functional impairment emerged as a common factor that was negatively associated with physical and mental component scores of men (PCS: −5.557, 95%CI = −6.793 to −4.322; MCS:−1.816, 95% CI = −3.443 to −0.189) and women (PCS: −7.985, 95%CI = −9.782 to −6.188; MCS;  = −2.289, 95% CI = −4.160–0.419). Good life satisfaction was positively associated with physical scores in men (2.300, 95%CI =  1.180 to 3.421) and mental scores in women (3.066, 95%CI  =  1.333 to 4.798). Unemployment, sitting hours (>3) and no physical activity affected men, while lower education, marital status, body mass index and chronic illness affected health-related quality of life of women at midlife. Conclusions Functional decline, level of life satisfaction and stress affected health-related quality of life of middle-aged individuals in India.

Microgrid Power Management With Integrated Quality of Life Considerations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailie Suk ◽  
Ayushi Sharma ◽  
Anand Balu Nellippallil ◽  
Ashok K. Das ◽  
John Hall
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Electrical Loads

Abstract Electrification can act as a catalyst in social progress. In some communities, grid connection is not possible. As such, microgrids are a viable alternative to provide access to electricity. Yet, progress can be impacted by challenges with insufficient energy supply. In such scenarios, it is important to understand the relationships between electricity supply and social development in managing available resources. We propose a framework to relate quality of life with power management, such that progress is not hindered when available energy is insufficient. In this paper, electrical loads for pumping water, powering streetlights, and powering household devices are examined. A compromise decision support problem (cDSP) is developed to balance the produced and consumed energy. We develop a set of power management options by exploring the solution space developed from performing the cDSP, anchored in quality of life. Organizations engaged in sustainable development can select the solution most appropriate for the community. A salient feature of the framework is the versatility. The formulation can be modified for different requirements, communities, and time periods. A test problem is used to illustrate the flexibility of the approach. This framework is constructed to support decision making for microgrid operation to continue to uplift communities.

scholarly journals Characteristics of transborder wood flow to sawmills in eastern Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Nate Anderson ◽  
René Germain ◽  
Eddie Bevilacqua
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Wood Procurement ◽  
Crown Lands

This paper characterizes the wood procurement operations of Canadian sawmills within 300 kilometres of the Northern Forest, which is a 12 million hectare area of mixed hardwood and coniferous forest that spans 4 states in the northeastern United States. Based on data collected from a mail survey administered in 2006, wood procurement is quantified in terms of the percentage of supply from transborder sources, the geographic range of procurement operations, the relative importance of alternative sawlog sources, and perceived changes in the availability and quality of the sawlog resource. Over 1/3 of the 5.17 million m3 of procurement reported in the survey originated in the United States. On average, mills that have little or no procurement in Canada routinely range 240 kilometres or more to meet procurement requirements, predominantly from roadside sources in the United States. Mills that procure all of their wood within Canada range 114 kilometres on average, and procure 73% of their wood supply from provincial Crown lands. A majority of mills in the sample reported that the quality of logs and the volume per log within their woodshed declined between 1994 and 2005. Based on a logistic regression model of 4 predictor variables, distance to the U.S. border and access to logs from provincial Crown lands are significant predictors of the use of transborder log sources. In addition to providing valuable baseline data, results suggest that mills without access to provincial Crown lands may be disproportionately impacted by high fuel prices and parcelization of private forest land in the United States. Results are discussed in light of these and other industry trends. Key words: sawmill industry, log imports, international trade, wood procurement

scholarly journals QUALITY OF ALFALFA SENAGE WITH THE«GREENGRASSE 3×3» BIOPRESERVATIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Nikolai Mironov ◽  
Anna Karamayeva ◽  
Sergei Karamayev ◽  
Larisa Bakayeva
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of the research is to improve the quality and nutritional value of the alfalfa haylage applying the «Green-grass 3×3» biopreservative with herbage. Current biological preparations contain live cultures of specially selected lactic, propionic acids, and sporogenous bacillus, a complex of amino acids, enzymes, vitamins and minor nutrient elements. Preparation use with herbage during haylage leads to intensification the lactic acid fermentation, im-provement of ratio of organic acids, increase the content of nutrients and ensuring their reliable safety during stor-age. The research was carried out at the milk production complex of «Radna» LLC in the Samara region. The re-search was provided involving Holstein and Ayrshire breeds. The haylage was fed to cows in the amount of 24 kg as part of a balanced feed mixture in accordance with the casein diet. As a result of applying a bio-preservative with herbage, the content of organic acids in the ready made feeds increased by 0.54%, including lactic acid – by 0.80%. The dry weight increased by 4.6%, available energy – by 37.4%, energy feed units – by 9.1%, digestible protein – by 13.8%, crude fiber – by 0.9%. Feeding the cows haylage with a bioconservative increased the meta-bolic processes in the tripe of animals. Ciliata weight in the ruminal fluid of Holstein cows increased by 29.0%, Ayr-shire – by 25.8%, number of bacteria, respectively, by 26.5 and 27.5%. As a result, the content of total nitrogen in-creased by 15.0-15.1%, protein nitrogen – by 40.4-42.9%, and ammonia, on the contrary, decreased by 40.0-40.6%. The content of volatile fatty acids decreased by 12.6-16.2%, while the proportion of acetic acid increased by 7.73-8.71%. All this had a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients by the animals of the experimental groups. The digestibility of the dry weight of the feed increased, respectively, by 4.14-4.57%, and its components – by 4.23-6.97%.

Utility Combustion Turbine Evaluation of Coal Liquid Fuels

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ambrose ◽  
Rocco F. Costello ◽  
Henry Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Petroleum Distillate ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Filter Size ◽  
Fuel Filter ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Distillate Fuel

A comprehensive field test was performed to evaluate the suitability of H-Coal middle distillate and full-range Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) coal derived liquids (CDLs) as utility combustion turbine fuels. A Westinghouse W251AA 26 MW combustion turbine operated by the Philadelphia Electric Company was the test engine. No. 2 petroleum distillate fuel was also fired to establish baseline data. This program was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute. Site modifications included a temporary CDL storage and fuel transfer system, water storage and injection equipment, an instrumented combustor, engine and emissions instrumentation and data acquisition systems, and industrial hygiene facilities required for the proper handling of the CDLs. The overall results of testing were positive for using such CDL fuels in combustion turbines for power generation. With the exception of higher combustor metal temperatures with the CDLs, and persistent fuel filter plugging with the EDS fuel, (which occurred even with increased fuel temperature and filter size), the engine operated satisfactorily during approximately 80 hours of total running over the standard range of load and water injection conditions.

The Qualities of PRENFLO Coal Gas for Use in High-Efficiency Gas Turbines

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schellberg ◽  
Eberhard Kuske
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Cycle System

Up to now, gas turbines have mainly been built for use with liquid fuels or natural gas. For the new combined cycle system with integrated coal gasification, the quality of the feed gas has to match the requirements of the gas turbine, which is particularly important for high-efficiency gas turbines. The paper describes a combined cycle system with integrated PRENFLO coal gasification and, in particular, the treatment of the gas produced by the gasifier. This power plant concept — a highly integrated plant — is a joint development of Siemens/KWU and Krupp Koppers. Our coal gasification is based on the entrained-flow principle with dry coal dust feeding.

Utility Combustion Turbine Evaluation of Coal Liquid Fuels

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-725
Author(s):  
M. J. Ambrose ◽  
R. F. Costello ◽  
H. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Petroleum Distillate ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Filter Size ◽  
Fuel Filter ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Distillate Fuel

A comprehensive field test was performed to evaluate the suitability of H-Coal middle distillate and full-range Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) coal-derived liquids (CDLs) as utility combustion turbine fuels. A Westinghouse W251AA 26 MW combustion turbine operated by the Philadelphia Electric Company was the test engine. No. 2 petroleum distillate fuel was also fired to establish baseline data. This program was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute. Site modifications included a temporary CDL storage and fuel transfer system, water storage and injection equipment, an instrumented combustor, engine and emissions instrumentation and data acquisition systems, and industrial hygiene facilities required for the proper handling of the CDLs. The overall results of testing were positive for using such CDL fuels in combustion turbines for power generation. With the exception of higher combustor metal temperatures with the CDLs, and persistent fuel filter plugging with the EDS fuel (which occurred even with increased fuel temperature and filter size), the engine operated satisfactorily during approximately 80 hr of total running over the standard range of load and water injection conditions.

scholarly journals Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: An Integrative Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Jung Son ◽  
Kyoung-Hwa Baek ◽  
Suk Jeong Lee ◽  
Eun Ji Seo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New York ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, the factors influencing HRQoL in patients with AF are not well understood. The purpose of integrative review was to investigate the factors affecting HRQoL in patients with AF based on the six domains of Ferrans and colleagues’ HRQoL model. A total of 23 relevant articles published between January 2000 and March 2018 were identified using four databases and analyzed in this study. Our review showed that the HRQoL in patients with AF was consistently lower than both healthy individuals and patients with other cardiovascular diseases. The most common factor associated with HRQoL in patients with AF was anxiety-specific to AF in the symptoms domain, followed by frequency and severity of symptoms and the New York Heart Association functional class. This study highlights that monitoring and assessing patients’ symptoms is vital for improving HRQoL in patients with AF. Disease-specific and cross-culturally validated tools can allow healthcare professionals to provide tailored interventions for patients with AF.

Investigation on the Key Technologies of Mechanical Expanding of Large Diameter LSAW Pipe

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 472-477
Author(s):  
Shu Hong Xiao ◽  
Chang Li Zha
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Dispersed Material

Long distance transmission pipeline is one of promising transportation methods developed in recent years. It is safe, economical, convenient and prompt. It is mainly used in transmitting gas, liquid, and other dispersed material. Oil and natural gas is especially suitable to be transmitted by high pressure large diameter longitudinal submerged arc welded (LSAW) pipelines. Mechanical expanding is one of the most important processes in the production of large diameter LSAW steel pipe for long distance transmission pipeline. Firstly, the LSAW steel pipe mechanical expanding is modeled. Two FEM models are established to simulate the mechanical expanding process at the cross section and longitudinal section of the LSAW steel pipe respectively. Secondly, the deformation characteristics of the LSAW steel pipe are simulated while mechanical expanding processes. Finally, main mechanical expanding process parameters and their influence on the quality of finished LSAW pipe are analyzed in detail according to the FEM simulation. The results presented by the analyses are very consistent with the experiment, and can be used to direct the production of LSAW steel pipe.

Ein Verfahren zur getrennten Untersuchung der einzelnen Mineralbestandteile von Steinmeteoriten mittels spezifischer Lösungsmittel

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1282-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vilcsek ◽  
H. Wanke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Mineral Fraction ◽  
Gas Measurements

Different chemical solvents are used to dissolve the diverse mineral fractions of stone meteorites for measurements of their rare gas content. In this procedure the meteoritic minerals are dissolved step by step. The main advantage of the method is that the whole meteorite sample is used for the analyses and no restrictions due to grain size occure.As an example, rare gas measurements on the meteorite Mocs are described using the technique. The quality of the separation of the main mineral fraction is shown by chemical analyses.

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