Design and Performance of Low Heating Value Fuel Gas Turbine Combustors

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Battista ◽  
Alan S. Feitelberg ◽  
Michael A. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustors ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Combustor Liner

General Electric Company is developing and testing low heating value fuel gas turbine combustors for use in integrated gasification combined cycle power generation systems. This paper presents the results of a series of combustion tests conducted at the pilot scale coal gasification and high temperature desulfurization system located at GE Corporate Research and Development in Schenectady, New York. Tests were performed in a modified GE MS6000 combustor liner operating at a pressure of 10 bar and over a wide load range (combustor exit temperatures from 760 to 1400°C). The primary objective of these tests was to compare and contrast the performance (emissions, flame stability, and combustor liner temperatures) of six different low heating value fuel nozzle designs, representing three distinct nozzle concepts. With 2200 to 4600 ppmv NH3 in the fuel, the conversion of fuel NH3 to NOx was roughly independent of fuel nozzle type, and ranged from about 70% at low combustor exit temperatures to about 20% at high combustor exit temperatures. For all of the fuel nozzles, CO emissions were typically less than 5 ppmv (on a dry, 15% O2 basis) at combustor exit temperatures greater than 980°C. Significant differences in CO emissions were observed at lower combustor exit temperatures. Some differences in liner temperatures and flame stability were also observed with the different nozzles. In general, nozzles which produced lower CO emissions and greater flame stability had higher fuel swirl angles and resulted in higher combustor liner temperatures. The nozzle with the best overall performance (consisting of concentric axial air and fuel swirlers and an air cooled mixing cup) has been selected for use at a commercial site.

Three-Dimensional CFD Analysis of a Gas Turbine Combustor for Medium/Low Heating Value Syngas Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Lucheng Ji ◽  
Zhedian Zhang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Yunhan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Flamelet Model

Gas turbine is one of the key components for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system. Combustor of the gas turbine needs to burn medium/low heating value syngas produced by coal gasification. In order to save time and cost during the design and development of a gas turbine combustor for medium/low heating value syngas, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers a good mean. In this paper, 3D numerical simulations were carried out on a full scale multi-nozzle gas turbine combustor using commercial CFD software FLUENT. A 72 degrees sector was modeled to minimize the number of cells of the grid. For the fluid flow part, viscous Navier-Stokes equations were solved. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was adopted. Steady laminar flamelet model was used for the reacting system. The interaction between fluid turbulence and combustion chemistry was taken into account by the PDF (probability density function) model. The simulation was performed with two design schemes which are head cooling using film-cooling and impingement cooling. The details of the flow field and temperature distribution inside the two gas turbine combustors obtained could be cited as references for design and retrofit. Similarities were found between the predicted and experimental data of the transition duct exit temperature profile. There is much work yet to be done on modeling validation in the future.

Gas Turbine Flexibility With Carbon Constrained Fuels

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Payrhuber ◽  
Robert M. Jones ◽  
Marcus H. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
High Hydrogen

Over the next several decades, the power generation sector will face major landscape changes as CO2 management needs and hydrocarbon fuel options become limited. Uncontrolled carbon emissions from coal plants exceed natural gas fired alternatives by more than two to one due in large part to greater fuel carbon content and lower overall energy conversion efficiencies. In a carbon-constrained environment, power production from coal must realize improvements beyond incremental efficiency gains in order to have significant CO2 emissions reduction. Coal gasification and associated fuel gas process treatment units provide the mechanisms inherently needed to effectively separate carbon components on a “pre-combustion” basis, leaving essentially carbon free hydrogen fuel available for combustion within the combined cycle power plant. Gas turbines will play a significant role in meeting this generation challenge, not only from a fuel flexibility perspective, but also in the area of CO2 reduction where gas turbines will likely become the primary hydrogen energy conversion unit for the foreseeable future. Worldwide, GE gas turbines continue to demonstrate their proven, reliable performance on hydrogen bearing fuels, including installations with up to 95% hydrogen by volume. As the focus on pre-combustion carbon capture continues to grow, never has this experience with high hydrogen fuels been more relevant. Furthermore, GE continues to develop combustion designs to extend this experience to advanced gas turbine platforms, including F-class units operating on synthesis gas. The ever-present focus on efficiency improvement and emissions reduction, combined with improved gasification processes, will require future advanced combustion system designs that can achieve low emissions at higher firing temperatures with minimal to no dilution for NOx abatement. This paper discusses the challenge of low CO2 producing fuel for advanced gas turbines, firing hydrogen rich synthesis gas, in terms of gas turbine fuel and accessory system design.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Syngas Nozzle of Gas Turbine for Syngas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Ye Qin ◽  
Shaoping Shi ◽  
Shu Yan ◽  
Yanfei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Heating Value

Abstract Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is a technology that integrates the coal gasification and combined cycle to produce electricity efficiently. Due to the fact that the heating value of syngas from coal gasification process is typically lower than that of the natural gas, the conventional gas turbine will have to be adapted for syngas. The nozzle adjustment is the key to the successful transformation since the ignition properties are different between syngas and natural gas which have totally different compositions. The nozzles suitable for natural gas have been prone to partially melting around the flame stabilization holes on sidewalls of the nozzle in real operation. Thus a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was constructed for the syngas nozzles as well as combustion chamber of the gas turbine for low heating value syngas to study the thermostability of the nozzle. The detailed structure of the syngas nozzle, the combustion characteristics of syngas, as well as the actual operation condition of the gas turbine were all employed in the CFD model to improve the simulation accuracy. The reason of partially melting of the nozzles suitable for natural gas can be attributed to that the syngas leaked from the flame stabilization holes into the mainstream air can quickly mix with air, adhere to the sidewalls of the nozzles and then ignite around the holes which result in temperatures high enough to melt the material of the nozzle around the holes through CFD simulation. Finally, a new structure of the syngas nozzle was proposed and validated by CFD simulations. The simulation result shows that the flames caused by the syngas leaked from the flame stabilization holes are no longer adhering to the nozzle sidewalls and local high temperature can be lowered by about 30% which will not be able to melt the nozzle material.

FlameSheet™ Combustor Engine and Rig Validation for Operational and Fuel Flexibility With Low Emissions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stuttaford ◽  
Hany Rizkalla ◽  
Khalid Oumejjoud ◽  
Nicolas Demougeot ◽  
Justin Bosnoian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Operational Profile ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
The Future

Flexibility is key to the future success of natural gas fired power generation. As renewable energy becomes more widely used, the need for reliable, flexible generation will increase. As such, gas turbines capable of operating efficiently and in emissions compliance from extended low load to full load will have a significant advantage. A wider range of gas fuels, including shale gas and refinery/industrial byproduct gas, is becoming increasingly available, with the opportunity to further reduce the cost of electricity. A combustion system capable of operating with wider ranges of heavy hydrocarbons, hydrogen and inerts will have an advantage to accommodate the future fuel gas trends and provide value to gas turbine operators. The FlameSheet™ combustor incorporates a novel dual zone burn system to address operational and fuel flexibility. It provides low emissions, extended turndown and fuel flexibility. FlameSheetTM is simply retrofittable into existing installed E/F-class heavy duty gas turbines and is designed to meet the energy market drivers set forth above. The operating principle of the new combustor is described, and details of a full scale high pressure rig test and engine validation program are discussed, providing insight on rig and engine emissions, as well as combustion dynamics performance. The FlameSheetTM implementation and validation results on a General Electric 7FA heavy duty gas turbine operating in a combined cycle power plant is discussed with emphasis on operational profile optimization to accommodate the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), while substantially increasing the gas turbine normal operating load range.

scholarly journals Design and Test of a Low-NOx Advanced Rich-Lean Combustor for LBG Fueled 1300°C-Class Gas Turbine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakata ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
M. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Coal Gasifier

Research and development of an IGCC (Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle) power generation system is being carried out as one of the advanced coal utilization technology in Japan. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of air-blown entrained-flow type has calorific value as low as 1/10 of LNG. Furthermore, the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. The authors have designed and made an 1300°C-class advanced rich-lean combustor mainly designed for achieving low fuel-NOx combustion. By testing it under atmospheric pressure conditions, we have successfully reduced the NOx emissions (to 60 ppm corrected at 16 percent O2) by more than half the level previously achieved when the ammonia concentration was 1000 ppm. Combustion stability was adequate even when the calorific value of the fuel decreased to 2700 kJ/m3N.

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle With CO2-Capture Using Auto-Thermal Reforming of Natural Gas

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thormod Andersen ◽  
Hanne M. Kvamsdal ◽  
Olav Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas

A concept for capturing and sequestering CO2 from a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is presented. The present approach is to decarbonise the fuel prior to combustion by reforming natural gas, producing a hydrogen-rich fuel. The reforming process consists of an air-blown pressurised auto-thermal reformer that produces a gas containing H2, CO and a small fraction of CH4 as combustible components. The gas is then led through a water gas shift reactor, where the equilibrium of CO and H2O is shifted towards CO2 and H2. The CO2 is then captured from the resulting gas by chemical absorption. The gas turbine of this system is then fed with a fuel gas containing approximately 50% H2. In order to achieve acceptable level of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, this kind of process is attractive because of the possibility of process integration between the combined cycle and the reforming process. A comparison is made between a “standard” combined cycle and the current process with CO2-removal. This study also comprise an investigation of using a lower pressure level in the reforming section than in the gas turbine combustor and the impact of reduced steam/carbon ratio in the main reformer. The impact on gas turbine operation because of massive air bleed and the use of a hydrogen rich fuel is discussed.

scholarly journals Simulation and optimization integrated gasification combined cycle by used aspen hysys and aspen plus

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Mohsen Darabi ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadiun ◽  
Hamid Mohammadiun ◽  
Saeed Mortazavi ◽  
Mostafa Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Integrated Gasification

<p>Electricity is an indispensable amenity in present society. Among all those energy resources, coal is readily available all over the world and has risen only moderately in price compared with other fuel sources. As a result, coal-fired power plant remains to be a fundamental element of the world's energy supply. IGCC, abbreviation of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, is one of the primary designs for the power-generation market from coal-gasification. This work presents a in the proposed process, diluted hydrogen is combusted in a gas turbine. Heat integration is central to the design. Thus far, the SGR process and the HGD unit are not commercially available. To establish a benchmark. Some thermodynamic inefficiencies were found to shift from the gas turbine to the steam cycle and redox system, while the net efficiency remained almost the same. A process simulation was undertaken, using Aspen Plus and the engineering equation solver (EES).The The model has been developed using Aspen Hysys® and Aspen Plus®. Parts of it have been developed in Matlab, which is mainly used for artificial neural network (ANN) training and parameters estimation. Predicted results of clean gas composition and generated power present a good agreement with industrial data. This study is aimed at obtaining a support tool for optimal solutions assessment of different gasification plant configurations, under different input data sets.</p>

scholarly journals Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic analysis of high temperature nuclear reactor coupled with advanced gas turbine combined cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Jaszczur ◽  
Michal Dudek ◽  
Zygmunt Kolenda
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Oil Processing

One of the most advanced and most effective technology for electricity generation nowadays based on a gas turbine combined cycle. This technology uses natural gas, synthesis gas from the coal gasification or crude oil processing products as the energy carriers but at the same time, gas turbine combined cycle emits SO2, NOx, and CO2 to the environment. In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of environmentally friendly, high temperature gas nuclear reactor system coupled with gas turbine combined cycle technology has been investigated. The analysed system is one of the most advanced concepts and allows us to produce electricity with the higher thermal efficiency than could be offered by any currently existing nuclear power plant technology. The results show that it is possible to achieve thermal efficiency higher than 50% what is not only more than could be produced by any modern nuclear plant but it is also more than could be offered by traditional (coal or lignite) power plant.

scholarly journals System Status of the Water-Cooled Gas Turbine for the High Temperature Turbine Technology Program

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Caruvana ◽  
W. H. Day ◽  
G. A. Cincotta ◽  
R. S. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
General Electric Company ◽  
Technology Program ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
The Status

This paper presents an update on the status of the technology of the water-cooled gas turbine developed by the General Electric Company under contracts with EPRI, ERDA, and DOE. Particular emphasis is devoted to the design and development of water-cooled composite turbine nozzles and buckets, and a sectoral combustor designed for low-Btu coal-derived gas operation. The operating characteristics of a low-temperature coal gas chemical cleanup system which is to be added to the coal gasification facility are also discussed. Status of the materials and process developments in support of the designs are also presented, as are updates to the Phase I HTTT Program combined-cycle studies, which evaluate the commercial viability of integrated coal gasification and combined-cycle operation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document