Study and Design of Sustainable Packaging for Household Hoods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Landi ◽  
Leonardo Postacchini ◽  
Paolo Cicconi ◽  
Filippo E. Ciarapica ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Attributional Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Cradle To Gate

In industrialized countries, packaging waste is one of the major issues to deal with, representing around 35% of the total municipal solid waste yearly generated. Therefore, an analysis and an environmental assessment of packaging systems are necessary. This paper aims at analyzing and comparing the environmental performances of two different packaging for domestic hoods. It shows how, through a packaging redesign, it is possible to obtain a reduction of the environmental impacts. This study has been performed in accordance with the international standards ISO 14040/14044, by using attributional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) from Cradle to Gate. The functional unit has been defined as the packaging of a single household hood. Primary data have been provided by a household hood manufacturer, while secondary data have been obtained from the Ecoinvent database. LCA software SimaPro 8.5 has been used to carry out the life cycle assessment, and ReCiPe method has been chosen for the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) stage. The results have shown the new packaging model being able to cut down the environmental impacts of approximately 30%. These outcomes may be used by household manufacturers to improve performances and design solutions of their different packaging.

Sustainability assessment of gas based power generation using a life cycle assessment approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 826-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binita Shah ◽  
Seema Unnikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Content Type

Purpose India is a developing economy along with an increasing population estimated to be the largest populated country in about seven years. Simultaneously, its power consumption is projected to increase more than double by 2020. Currently, the dependence on coal is relatively high, making it the largest global greenhouse gas emitting sector which is a matter of great concern. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the environmental impacts of the natural gas electricity generation in India and propose a model using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Design/methodology/approach LCA is used as a tool to evaluate the environmental impact of the natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant, as it adopts a holistic approach towards the whole process. The LCA methodology used in this study follows the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards (ISO 14040: 2009; ISO 14044: 2009). A questionnaire was designed for data collection and validated by expert review primary data for the annual environmental emission was collected by personally visiting the power plant. The study follows a cradle to gate assessment using the CML (2001) methodology. Findings The analysis reveals that the main impacts were during the process of combustion. The Global warming potential is approximately 0.50 kg CO2 equivalents per kWh of electricity generation from this gas-based power plant. These results can be used by stakeholders, experts and members who are authorised to probe positive initiative for the reduction of environmental impacts from the power generation sector. Practical implications Considering the pace of growth of economic development of India, it is the need of the hour to emphasise on the patterns of sustainable energy generation which is an important subject to be addressed considering India’s ratification to the Paris Climate Change Agreement. This paper analyzes the environmental impacts of gas-based electricity generation. Originality/value Presenting this case study is an opportunity to get a glimpse of the challenges associated with gas-based electricity generation in India. It gives a direction and helps us to better understand the right spot which require efforts for the improvement of sustainable energy generation processes, by taking appropriate measures for emission reduction. This paper also proposes a model for gas-based electricity generation in India. It has been developed following an LCA approach. As far as we aware, this is the first study which proposes an LCA model for gas-based electricity generation in India. The model is developed in line with the LCA methodology and focusses on the impact categories specific for gas-based electricity generation.

Towards a Green Quail Meat Production through Life Cycle Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Amir Hamzah Sharaai ◽  
Mohd Zulfadhli Mat Zainol ◽  
Khairul Izzuddin bin Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Cradle To Gate

Commercial conventional of poultry production at largest scale in this country show escalation year by year, together with high demand of poultry product in Malaysia market. The aim of this research was to identify environmental impact hotspots in the whole supply chain of quail meat production in Jasin, Melaka. At present, assessment of environmental impact of poultry production in Malaysia is lacking.Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the energy use and environmental impacts of quail meat production in Jasin,Melaka through life cycle assessment.A cradle-to-gate assessment including distribution stage was conducted based on the ISO 14040/14044 guidelines.Life cycle inventory data was collected from farmers and available literature. Life cycle impact assessment was conducted toidentify environmental impacts using the available method in theopenLCA software.Life cycle processes related to feed production, electricity and water were identified as the major hotspots for energy and they also showed the most significant contribution in GWP and acidication potential among the environmental impacts categories. Improving efficiency of energy and water consumption will reduce the environmental burden associated with quail meat production.Thus, at the end of this research, it will able to make industry player to understand and take into consideration the solutions in order to promote a green quail meat production.

Comparative process-based life-cycle assessment of bioconcrete and conventional concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Soleimani ◽  
Mohsen Shahandashti
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cradle To Gate

Purpose Bioconcrete is widely believed to be environmentally beneficial over conventional concrete. However, the process of bioconcrete production involves several steps, such as waste recovery and treatment, that potentially present significant environmental impacts. Existing life-cycle assessments of bioconcrete are limited in the inventory and impact analysis; therefore, they do not consider all the steps involved in concrete production and the corresponding impacts. The purpose of this study is to extensively study the cradle-to-gate environmental impacts of all the production stages of two most common bioconcrete types (i.e. sludge-based bioconcrete and cement kiln dust-rice husk ash (CKD-RHA) bioconcrete) as opposed to conventional concrete. Design/methodology/approach A cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment process model is implemented to systematically analyze and quantify the resources consumed and the environmental impacts caused by the production of bioconcrete as opposed to the production of conventional concrete. The impacts analyzed in this assessment include global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, eutrophication, acidification, ecotoxicity, smog, fossil fuel use, human toxicity, particulate air and water consumption. Findings The results indicated that sludge-based bioconcrete had higher levels of global warming potential, eutrophication, acidification, ecotoxicity, fossil fuel use, human toxicity and particulate air than both conventional concrete and CKD-RHA bioconcrete. Originality/value The contribution of this study to the state of knowledge is that it sheds light on the hidden impacts of bioconcrete. The contribution to the state of practice is that the results of this study inform the bioconcrete production designers about the production processes with the highest impact.

The New International Standards for Life Cycle Assessment: ISO 14040 and ISO 14044

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Finkbeiner ◽  
Atsushi Inaba ◽  
Reginald Tan ◽  
Kim Christiansen ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Klüppel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Iso 14044

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of North American Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL) Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Poonam Khatri ◽  
◽  
Kamalakanta Sahoo ◽  
Richard Bergman ◽  
Maureen Puettmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
North American ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Lca Results

Raw materials for buildings and construction account for more than 35% of global primary energy use and nearly 40% of energy-related CO2 emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasized the drastic reduction in GHG emissions and thus, wood products with very low or negative carbon footprint materials can play an important role. In this study, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was followed to quantify the environmental impacts of laminated strand lumber (LSL). The inventory data represented North American LSL production in terms of input materials, including wood and resin, electricity and fuel use, and production facility emissions for the 2019 production year. The contribution of cradle-to-gate life cycle stages was substantial (>70%) towards the total (cradle-to-grave) environmental impacts of LSL. The cradle-to-gate LCA results per m³ LSL were estimated to be 275 kg CO2 eq global warming, 39.5 kg O3eq smog formation, 1.7 kg SO2 eq acidification, 0.2 kg N eq eutrophication, and 598 MJ fossil fuel depletion. Resin production as a part of resource extraction contributed 124 kg CO2 eq (45%). The most relevant unit processes in their decreasing contribution to their cradle-to-grave GW impacts were resource extraction, end-of-life (EoL), transportation (resources and product), and LSL manufacturing. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that the use of adhesive, consumption of electricity, and transport distance had the greatest influences on the LCA results. Considering the whole life cycle of the LSL, the final product stored 1,010 kg CO2 eq/m³ of LSL, roughly two times more greenhouse gas emissions over than what was released (493 kg CO2 eq/m³ of LSL) from cradle-to-grave. Overall, LSL has a negative GW impact and acts as a carbon sink if used in the construction sector. The study results are intended to be important for future studies, including waste disposal and recycling strategies to optimize environmental trade-offs.

scholarly journals Proposed Implementation of Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040) on Spiced Boneless Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Supartono ◽  
Widha Septi Utami ◽  
Darmawan Ari Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Processing And Storage

<p>Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is one of the main commodities in Kendal District – Middle Java Province - Indonesia. It is produced for spiced boneless milkfish by some smallmedium enterprises. Level of energy usage, emission release, and environmental impacts caused during the production need to be assessed for improvement in these industries. A common method for assessing energy usage and environmental impacts from industrial activity is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) or ISO 14040. This study used LCA to assess energy, emission and environmental effect of the life cycle of spiced boneless milkfish production. The research was conducted at three small-medium enterprises in Kendal District namely; UKM Ratu Bandeng, UKM Bandeng Kendal, and UKM Rozal Bandeng. The product life cycle started from purchasing raw and supported materials, boneless processing, spiced boneless processing and storage of finished products. Energy measurement was taken place at all energy used during the production, such as human energy, energy from fuel and gasoline and electricity. The released emissions were measured in CO2, SO2, and NOx. The results depicted that energy needed to produce 1 kilogram of spiced boneless milkfish was 18.456 MJ for UKM Ratu Bandeng; 18.188 MJ UKM Bandeng Kendal and 23.985 MJ for UKM Rozal Bandeng. The emission released was 227.666 g CO2; 0.333 g SO2; 2.713 g NOx in UKM Ratu Bandeng; 607.459 g CO2; 0.513 g SO2; 4.434 g NOx in UKM Bandeng Kendal; and 1132,938 g CO2; 0,941 g SO2; 8.101 g NOx in UKM Rozal Bandeng respectively. Wastewater was produced from the material cleaning process and rest of boiling water, while solids waste were scrap from the materials, such as raw and additive materials, and packaging materials. Recommendations for improvements in these industries were as follow; selection of supplier which was closer to the location of production, use of more efficient production equipment,  improvement of production process design, and build tanks and infiltration basin for waste water disposal.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Emissions, energy, LCA, spiced boneless milkfish. </p>

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Toughened Wood Fiber/Polylactide Composites: A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Tao Qiang ◽  
Yaxuan Chou ◽  
Honghong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to investigate the environmental benefits of using styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) to modify polylactide (PLA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs), with a process-based and input–output hybrid model. The results showed that one metric ton of the SBS-modified WPCs required 1.93 × 108 kJ of energy (Sample 2) and 46 m3 of water (Sample 4), and that it could produce 42.3 kg of solid waste (Sample 2) during its cradle-to-gate life cycle phases. The environmental impact load (EIL) and photochemistry oxidation potential (PCOP) accounted for the largest share, while the eutrophication potential (EP) took the smallest one. The total EIL index of Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 added up to 1.942, 1.960, 1.899, and 1.838, respectively. The SBS-modified WPCs were found to be more environmentally friendly than their unmodified counterparts when they had the same or higher wood fiber (WF) content. SBS was viable to toughen the PLA-based WPCs from an environmental perspective. This cradle-to-gate LCA is likely to help optimize the manufacturing process and mitigate environmental impacts for the natural fiber-reinforced polymer biocomposites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document