scholarly journals Proposed Implementation of Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040) on Spiced Boneless Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Supartono ◽  
Widha Septi Utami ◽  
Darmawan Ari Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Processing And Storage

<p>Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is one of the main commodities in Kendal District – Middle Java Province - Indonesia. It is produced for spiced boneless milkfish by some smallmedium enterprises. Level of energy usage, emission release, and environmental impacts caused during the production need to be assessed for improvement in these industries. A common method for assessing energy usage and environmental impacts from industrial activity is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) or ISO 14040. This study used LCA to assess energy, emission and environmental effect of the life cycle of spiced boneless milkfish production. The research was conducted at three small-medium enterprises in Kendal District namely; UKM Ratu Bandeng, UKM Bandeng Kendal, and UKM Rozal Bandeng. The product life cycle started from purchasing raw and supported materials, boneless processing, spiced boneless processing and storage of finished products. Energy measurement was taken place at all energy used during the production, such as human energy, energy from fuel and gasoline and electricity. The released emissions were measured in CO2, SO2, and NOx. The results depicted that energy needed to produce 1 kilogram of spiced boneless milkfish was 18.456 MJ for UKM Ratu Bandeng; 18.188 MJ UKM Bandeng Kendal and 23.985 MJ for UKM Rozal Bandeng. The emission released was 227.666 g CO2; 0.333 g SO2; 2.713 g NOx in UKM Ratu Bandeng; 607.459 g CO2; 0.513 g SO2; 4.434 g NOx in UKM Bandeng Kendal; and 1132,938 g CO2; 0,941 g SO2; 8.101 g NOx in UKM Rozal Bandeng respectively. Wastewater was produced from the material cleaning process and rest of boiling water, while solids waste were scrap from the materials, such as raw and additive materials, and packaging materials. Recommendations for improvements in these industries were as follow; selection of supplier which was closer to the location of production, use of more efficient production equipment,  improvement of production process design, and build tanks and infiltration basin for waste water disposal.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Emissions, energy, LCA, spiced boneless milkfish. </p>

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment with Integrated Circular Economy Principles: A Toy Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3856
Author(s):  
Rebeka Kovačič Lukman ◽  
Vasja Omahne ◽  
Damjan Krajnc
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Social Life Cycle Assessment

When considering the sustainability of production processes, research studies usually emphasise environmental impacts and do not adequately address economic and social impacts. Toy production is no exception when it comes to assessing sustainability. Previous research on toys has focused solely on assessing environmental aspects and neglected social and economic aspects. This paper presents a sustainability assessment of a toy using environmental life cycle assessment, life cycle costing, and social life cycle assessment. We conducted an inventory analysis and sustainability impact assessment of the toy to identify the hotspots of the system. The main environmental impacts are eutrophication, followed by terrestrial eco-toxicity, acidification, and global warming. The life cycle costing approach examined the economic aspect of the proposed design options for toys, while the social assessment of the alternative designs revealed social impacts along the product life cycle. In addition, different options based on the principles of the circular economy were analysed and proposed in terms of substitution of materials and shortening of transport distances for the toy studied.

Sustainability assessment of gas based power generation using a life cycle assessment approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 826-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binita Shah ◽  
Seema Unnikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Content Type

Purpose India is a developing economy along with an increasing population estimated to be the largest populated country in about seven years. Simultaneously, its power consumption is projected to increase more than double by 2020. Currently, the dependence on coal is relatively high, making it the largest global greenhouse gas emitting sector which is a matter of great concern. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the environmental impacts of the natural gas electricity generation in India and propose a model using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Design/methodology/approach LCA is used as a tool to evaluate the environmental impact of the natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant, as it adopts a holistic approach towards the whole process. The LCA methodology used in this study follows the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards (ISO 14040: 2009; ISO 14044: 2009). A questionnaire was designed for data collection and validated by expert review primary data for the annual environmental emission was collected by personally visiting the power plant. The study follows a cradle to gate assessment using the CML (2001) methodology. Findings The analysis reveals that the main impacts were during the process of combustion. The Global warming potential is approximately 0.50 kg CO2 equivalents per kWh of electricity generation from this gas-based power plant. These results can be used by stakeholders, experts and members who are authorised to probe positive initiative for the reduction of environmental impacts from the power generation sector. Practical implications Considering the pace of growth of economic development of India, it is the need of the hour to emphasise on the patterns of sustainable energy generation which is an important subject to be addressed considering India’s ratification to the Paris Climate Change Agreement. This paper analyzes the environmental impacts of gas-based electricity generation. Originality/value Presenting this case study is an opportunity to get a glimpse of the challenges associated with gas-based electricity generation in India. It gives a direction and helps us to better understand the right spot which require efforts for the improvement of sustainable energy generation processes, by taking appropriate measures for emission reduction. This paper also proposes a model for gas-based electricity generation in India. It has been developed following an LCA approach. As far as we aware, this is the first study which proposes an LCA model for gas-based electricity generation in India. The model is developed in line with the LCA methodology and focusses on the impact categories specific for gas-based electricity generation.

Study and Design of Sustainable Packaging for Household Hoods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Landi ◽  
Leonardo Postacchini ◽  
Paolo Cicconi ◽  
Filippo E. Ciarapica ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Attributional Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Cradle To Gate

In industrialized countries, packaging waste is one of the major issues to deal with, representing around 35% of the total municipal solid waste yearly generated. Therefore, an analysis and an environmental assessment of packaging systems are necessary. This paper aims at analyzing and comparing the environmental performances of two different packaging for domestic hoods. It shows how, through a packaging redesign, it is possible to obtain a reduction of the environmental impacts. This study has been performed in accordance with the international standards ISO 14040/14044, by using attributional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) from Cradle to Gate. The functional unit has been defined as the packaging of a single household hood. Primary data have been provided by a household hood manufacturer, while secondary data have been obtained from the Ecoinvent database. LCA software SimaPro 8.5 has been used to carry out the life cycle assessment, and ReCiPe method has been chosen for the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) stage. The results have shown the new packaging model being able to cut down the environmental impacts of approximately 30%. These outcomes may be used by household manufacturers to improve performances and design solutions of their different packaging.

scholarly journals Application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Sugar Industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti ◽  
Rahayu Siwi Dwi Astuti ◽  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Leading Industry ◽  
Process System ◽  
Very High

Sugar is one of the main commodities that are needed for human life. The demand of sugar is very high with the trend increase from year to year. This condition makes the sugar industry become a leading industry that must be maintained sustainability. The sustainability of the sugar industry is influenced by the use of energy and natural resources and the resulting environmental impacts. Therefore, an effort is needed to analyze the environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts resulting from a product (sugar), by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is a very important tool for the analysis of a process/system from its cradle to grave. This technique is very useful in the estimation of energy usage and environmental load of a product/system. This paper aims to describe the main elements of sugar industries using Life Cycle Assessment.

scholarly journals Product life cycle assessment (LCA) in the environmental engineering and management aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath Kulathilaka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Goal And Scope

Environmental pollution is an ever found crux with the industrialized world although able to prevent or minimize the environmental pollution through some proper environmental management system. Product life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method of environmental assessment especially for the future plans, products and projects although it is able to assess only the environmental impacts through the product life cycle assessment (LCA). According to the methodology of the implementation of the product life cycle assessment (LCA), it is possible to continue at different stages of the relevant activities as necessary. The implementation of the assessment is done based on four key steps namely as goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and the interpretation. Under this assessment, basically it is expected to prevent the environmental impacts, mitigate the environmental impacts or find a solution for a future problem that relevant with the activity this is proposed.

scholarly journals PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHOD AS AN EFFECTIVE COMPLEX OF ACTIONS REGARDING THE ECO-SAFETY OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Matis ◽  
Olga Krot
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Product Life ◽  
The Impact

Based on the methods of product life cycle assessment, it is proposed to assess the environmental friendliness of the chemical plant. The LCA method represents the very systematic approach to assessing the environmental impact of production, carried out as a whole over its life cycle from the extraction and processing of raw materials to the use of individual components. It is used to systematically assess the impact of each stage of the production life cycle on the environment. Life cycle inventory analysis includes the collection of data required for the study, as well as the inventory of input (energy, water, raw materials and materials) and output (emissions into the environment, emissions, solid waste disposal, eastern water flows). a system that is a set of single processes interconnected by the flows of semi-finished products used in one or more given functions, with other productive systems and elementary flows with the environment (emissions into the atmosphere, discharges into water). Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method that should be used to quantify the products and services of the environment carried out during its life cycle (ISO 14040 (2006)). There are several procedures approved by this methodology to support the calculation of the impact on emergencies. The methodology includes commercial software tools that are used directly or indirectly [1]. One of the goals of the LCA is to analyze the development of the production process at the station of emergency facilities. According to ISO 14040 (2006), the product life cycle assessment structure includes: 1) determining the level and scope to limit the study and select a functional unit; 2) analysis of input and output reserves of energy and materials that are important for the study of the research system; 3) life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to classify environmental impacts; 4) phase interpretation, to test the overall popularity of the conclusion. The LCA can manage information to analyze and support the project and production decision-making process.

Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de materiais cimentícios utilizados no Brasil: estudo para o bloco de concreto e diferentes argamassas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Rosse Caldas ◽  
Romildo Dias Toledo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Materials Used

É comum nos estudos de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) aplicados ao setor da construção civil a falta de dados condizentes com a realidade do Brasil. Sabendo que existem diferentes materiais cimentícios, entre eles argamassas, blocos de vedação e blocos estruturais, faz se necessário ter um banco de dados mais apropriado às misturas utilizadas no país, que facilite a quantificação de seus impactos ambientais. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa apresentou os impactos ambientais, segundo o método CML-IA baseline, dos principais materiais cimentícios utilizados no Brasil, entre eles: argamassas simples para chapisco, argamassas mistas para assentamento e revestimento, graute para alvenaria estrutural e blocos de concreto. Para isto, foram utilizadas as normas NBR ISO 14040:2009 e 14044:2009 em conjunto com as normas europeias EN 15978:2011 and EN 15804:2012. O inventário foi realizado a partir de dados coletados no SINAPI e estudos voltados para a realidade brasileira em conjunto com o banco de dados do Ecoinvent 3. Ao final é apresentado o perfil ambiental dos materiais cimentícios avaliados e uma tabela resumo que mostra os impactos ambientais desses materiais. As argamassas avaliadas foram comparadas com uma argamassa do banco de dados do Ecoinvent, resultando em valores discrepantes. O estudo traz uma importante contribuição para a difusão da ACV no setor da construção civil brasileira, especificamente para o setor de cimento e seus produtos. Os resultados de AICV apresentados aqui poderão ser utilizados em outros estudos de ACV, facilitando o processo e ao mesmo tempo estarem alinhados com a realidade internacional, que também faz uso da normativa europeia utilizada nesta pesquisa.  Palavras-chave: Avaliação do Ciclo de Vido (ACV). Materiais cimentícios. Argamassas. Graute. Bloco de concreto.ResumenEn los estudios de Análisis de Ciclo De Vida (ACV) aplicados al sector de la construcción civil, usualmente se percibe la falta de datos que se ajusten con la realidad de Brasil. Conociendo la existencia de varios materiales cementantes como son morteros, bloques de cierre, bloques estructurales, existe la necesidad de contar con un banco de datos más apropiado con los diseños de mezclas utilizados en el país, que facilite cuantificar sus impactos ambientales. En este contexto la presente investigación evalúa impactos ambientales según el método de CML-IA baseline, de los principales materiales cementantes utilizados en Brasil, entre ellos: morteros simples para resano, morteros mixtos de asentamiento y revestimiento, grout para albañilería estructural y bloques de hormigón. Para este fin fueron utilizadas las normas brasileiras NBR ISO 14040:2009 y 14044:2009 en conjunto con las normas europeas EN 15978:2011 y EN 15804:2012. El inventario fue realizado a partir de datos colectados por el SINAPI y estudios volcados para la realidad brasileira conjuntamente con el banco de datos Ecoinvent 3. Al final se presentan perfiles ambientales de los materiales cementantes evaluados y una tabla resumiendo los impactos ambientales de estos materiales. Fueron comparados los morteros evaluados con los morteros del banco de datos Ecoinvent, resultando en valores discrepantes. El presente estudio tuvo una importante contribución en la difusión de ACV en el sector de la construcción Civil Brasileira, especialmente para el sector de la industria del cemento y sus productos, los resultados de AICV presentado aquí podrán ser utilizados en otros estudios de ACV, facilitando el proceso y de igual forma alineados con el paradigma internacional, que igualmente utilizan las normas europeas, que fueron referencia para evaluar los materiales en este estudio.  Palabras clave: Analysis do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Materiales cementantes. Morteiros. Grout. Bloque de hormigón.AbstractIt is common in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies applied to the building sector the absence of reliable data for the Brazilian context. In Brazil, there are different cementitious materials, such as mortars, partition and structural blocks. Moreover, it is necessary to have a more appropriate database to the mixtures used in the country, which it will facilitates the quantification of its environmental impacts. In this context, this research presented the environmental impacts, according to the CML-IA baseline method, of the main cementitious materials used in Brazil, among them: simple mortars for roughcast, mixed mortars for laying and covering, grout and concrete blocks for structural masonry. The standards NBR ISO 14040: 2009 and 14044: 2009 were used together with the European standards EN 15978: 2011 and EN 15804: 2012. The inventory was carried out from data collected in SINAPI and studies developed for the Brazilian reality combining with the Ecoinvent 3 database. In the end, the environmental profile of the evaluated cementitious materials and a summary table were presented. The evaluated mortars were compared with a mortar from the Ecoinvent database, which resulted in discrepant values. This study makes an important contribution to the diffusion of LCA in the Brazilian building sector, specifically for the cement sector and its products. The LCIA results presented here may be used in other LCA studies. This approach will facilitate the process and at the same time is aligned with the international context, which also uses the European normative used in this research.  Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment. Cementitious materials. Mortars. Grout. Concrete block.

scholarly journals Mass Timber Building Life Cycle Assessment Methodology for the U.S. Regional Case Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14034
Author(s):  
Hongmei Gu ◽  
Shaobo Liang ◽  
Francesca Pierobon ◽  
Maureen Puettmann ◽  
Indroneil Ganguly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Mass Timber

The building industry currently consumes over a third of energy produced and emits 39% of greenhouse gases globally produced by human activities. The manufacturing of building materials and the construction of buildings make up 11% of those emissions within the sector. Whole-building life-cycle assessment is a holistic and scientific tool to assess multiple environmental impacts with internationally accepted inventory databases. A comparison of the building life-cycle assessment results would help to select materials and designs to reduce total environmental impacts at the early planning stage for architects and developers, and to revise the building code to improve environmental performance. The Nature Conservancy convened a group of researchers and policymakers from governments and non-profit organizations with expertise across wood product life-cycle assessment, forest carbon, and forest products market analysis to address emissions and energy consumption associated with mass timber building solutions. The study disclosed a series of detailed, comparative life-cycle assessments of pairs of buildings using both mass timber and conventional materials. The methodologies used in this study are clearly laid out in this paper for transparency and accountability. A plethora of data exists on the favorable environmental performance of wood as a building material and energy source, and many opportunities appear for research to improve on current practices.

scholarly journals Exploiting the Scientific Literature for Performing Life Cycle Assessment about Transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Spreafico ◽  
Davide Russo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

This paper provides an overview of the environmental impacts of different types of passenger transportation means (i.e., bicycles, motorcycles, cars, buses, trains, and airplanes). The method has been applied to the European scenario. The study was performed by using life cycle assessment in accordance with international standard ISO 14040/44 for assessing the CO2 eq., SO2, and PM10 of the transportation means by exploiting data (i.e., vehicles features and environmental impacts) from 24 scientific papers from the literature that have been manually analyzed. The functional unit is defined as the impact per 1 passenger over 1 km. The study identified that planes are the most impacting for CO2 eq. with up to 380 g/pkm, while cars are the most impacting for SO2 with up to 1.78 g/pkm and PM10 with 0.98 g/pkm. Electric and hybrid models proved to be significantly better than others, while buses are the most sustainable in general. Referring to the overall European scenario, cars constitute up to 95% of the overall impacts. By comparing some improvements for reducing the impacts, it emerged that the limitation of diesel cars along with the increase of buses and trains are the most effective. The provided outcomes may be useful for legislators, manufacturers, and users for favoring the choice of the transportation means in a more environmentally conscious way.

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