Hydrogen as a Fuel Supplement in a CNG Operated Vehicle Using a Simple Onboard Hydrogen Generation System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Asad ◽  
Mohammad A. Wattoo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Small Current ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Natural gas operated gasoline engines achieve superior fuel economy on the expense of reduced engine power and increased emissions. One method of offsetting these disadvantages is by the addition of hydrogen gas up to 20% by volume to compressed natural gas (CNG) using the existing natural gas conversion systems. This offers major benefits in fuel economy, light load performance and lower emissions. The effect of supplementing CNG with hydrogen is studied along with the design of a simple hydrogen generation system for a 1.3 L bi-fuel engine. The Suzuki 1.3 L G13BA (SOHC) gasoline engine fitted with the Landi Renzo CNG pressure regulator, Type TN1 (Standard) has been used for experimentation. The system uses a small current for electrolysis of ordinary tap water for production of hydrogen. The light load performance is significantly enhanced and carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions are reduced. Constraints on system design have been duly accounted for and the complete system is placed under the hood of the vehicle.

A Novel Chemical-Looping Hydrogen Generation System With Multi-Input Fossil Fuels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Zhang ◽  
Hongguang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Generation System ◽  
System A ◽  
Energy Penalty ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Chemical Looping Hydrogen Generation

This paper proposes a multi-input chemical looping hydrogen generation system (MCLH), which generates hydrogen, through the use of natural gas and coal. In this system, a new type of oven, burning coal instead of natural gas as heating resource for hydrogen production reaction, is adopted. Coal can be converted to hydrogen indirectly without gasification. Benefits from the chemical looping process, the CO2 can be captured without energy penalty. With the same inputs of fuel, the new system can product about 16% more hydrogen than that of individual systems. As a result, the energy consumption of the hydrogen production is about 165J/mol-H2. Based on the exergy analyses, it is disclosed that the integration of synthetic utilization of natural gas and coal plays a significant role in reducing the exergy destruction of the MCLH system. The promising results obtained may lead to a clean coal technology that will utilize natural gas and coal more efficiently and economically.

scholarly journals Oxy-Steam Reforming of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) on Mono- and Bimetallic (Ag, Pt, Pd or Ru)/Ni Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Pawel Mierczynski ◽  
Magdalena Mosinska ◽  
Waldemar Maniukiewicz ◽  
Krasimir Vasilev ◽  
Malgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jozwik
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ni Catalyst ◽  
Ni Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

This work presents, for the first time, the comparative physicochemical and reactivity studies of a range of bimetallic Pt-Ni, Pd-Ni, Ru-Ni, and Ag-Ni catalysts in the oxy-steam reforming (OSR) of liquefied natural gas (LNG) reaction towards hydrogen generation. In order to achieve the intended purpose of this work, a binary oxide CeO2·ZrO2 (1:2) support was prepared via a co-precipitation method. The catalysts’ physicochemical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, TPR-H2, TPD-NH3, SEM-EDS and XPS methods. The highest activity in the studied process was exhibited by the 1%Pt-5%Ni catalyst supported on CeO2·ZrO2 (1:2) system. The highest activity of this system is explained by the specific interactions occurring between the components of the active phase and between the components of the active phase and the carrier itself. The activity results showed that this catalytic system exhibited above 71% of the methane conversion at 600 °C and 60% yield of hydrogen formation. The results of this work demonstrate that the Pt-Ni and Ru-Ni catalytic systems hold promise to be applied in the production of hydrogen to power solid oxide fuel cells.

Small-Scale, Green-Powered Hydrogen Generation System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Arruda ◽  
David Browne ◽  
Chris Thongkham ◽  
Mansour Zenouzi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Average Consumer

One of the major road blocks in the transition from the current oil economy to the future hydrogen fuel economy is the availability of low cost hydrogen fuel for the average consumer. Currently, the price per kilogram of hydrogen fuel is higher than the cost of an equivalent measure of gasoline and its availability is limited to large metropolitan areas. Both of these factors prevent hydrogen from being an attractive alternative to gasoline for most consumers. The goal of this project, in a senior thermal design course, is to design and construct a low-cost hydrogen generation system for residential hydrogen fuel production and storage. The system will be powered by renewable sources of energy; namely a micro-scale wind turbine and a solar panel. The power generated will be used to power a small-scale PEM electrolyzer to produce hydrogen gas that will then be stored at low pressure in a safe, metal hydride storage tank. This relatively low cost system will provide the average consumer with the ability to safely produce hydrogen fuel for use in residential fuel cells or fuel cell-powered vehicles, making hydrogen fuel an attractive alternative to fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Development and implementation of a prototype pilot hydrogen generation plant using solar energy in rural areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Torres ◽  
Claudio Acuña ◽  
Claudio Leiva ◽  
Diego Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Way

Abstract BackgroundWorldwide, hydrogen is being regarded as a fuel of the future due to its abundance and the byproducts generated by its combustion. However, mass production of hydrogen gas is a problem complex, since it entails large energy costs. In this work, three prototypes, based on standard and low cost materials, for the production of hydrogen were used, varying the way of generating hydrogen by electrolysis and the way of using the hydrogen produced, either by storing it or to be use in burners in kitchen.ResultsIt was found that the operating temperatures oscillate between 60 to 90 degrees Celsius. The system of rectangular plates with bipolar dry cell electrolyzer obtained a H2 generation of 0.1 m3/hr with an energy consumption of 553.6 [kW/m3 H2] operating at 2 [atm], on the other hand, the unipolar collector with points generated 0.02 m3/hr 20/60 standard liters per H2 with a consumption of 144 [kW/m3] operating at 1 [atm] this was the most efficient device with a 26 % efficiency considering the solar energy used.ConclusionA low cost prototype was created which allows the use of solar energy, allowing the energy storage in the form of H2. It can be used in a rural area to be injected in kitchen burners, reducing LPG (liquefied petroleoum gas) consumptions and contributing to the sustainable development.

scholarly journals Uji Performa Mesin Bensin dengan Sistem Injeksi Berbahan Bakar HCNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Mega Nur Sasongko ◽  
Abdi Afifuddin Zuhri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Effective Power

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an alternative renewable fuel gasoline replacement. However, due to the low heating value, the use of CNG in the engine will reduce its performance. The addition of hydrogen gas in CNG namely hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas is expected to increase the power of the motor. This study aims to analyze the effect of hydrogen concentration on the performance of a CNG gasoline engine. The research was conducted on the engine with an indirect fuel injection system with a volume of 124,9 cc. The parameter of the engine that measured is torque, effective power, specific fuel consumption, and effective thermal efficiency. The results showed that the small percentage of hydrogen in CNG could increase the power of the gasoline engine. Power and efficiency reach a maximum of 10% hydrogen concentration. Increasing the proportion of hydrogen in CNG fuel above 10% will significantly reduce engine torque and power. Engine performance at optimal conditions with 10% hydrogen results in torque of 2.71 Kg.m at 670 rpm, effective power of 3.28 Ps at 1055 rpm, SFCe 0.17 Kg / Ps. Hours at 770 rpm and 33.62% effective thermal efficiency at 770 rpm

scholarly journals Solar Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from aqueous polystyrene-Pt/TiO2 Suspension

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3816-3820
Author(s):  
Jamal Harbi Hussien Alsaadi ◽  
Hasan Sabeeh Jabur
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

       In the present work, the Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from aqueous suspension of polystyrene is studied using titanium dioxide doped with platinum as photocatalyst. The parameters affecting the efficiency of Photocatalytic hydrogen production are Pt-loading (%), solution pH and the Pt/TiO2 loading and particle size.  Under optimum conditions, 78 micro moles of hydrogen gas is generated after about 25 hr, irradiation in deacrated solution  ( pH=13, Pt weight % load is 6% and Pt/TiO2 load and particle size are 4 gm/l and 400 mesh size respectively). Negligible amounts of hydrogen gas were noticed in the presence of unplatinized TiO2 at pH lower than 4. The apparent quantum yield of the Photocatalytic production of hydrogen was also determined and is affected by the % load of Pt on TiO2. The number average molecular weight of polystyrene decreases with irradiation time which indicates the photo degradation process under the condition employed. Carbon dioxide is also evolved at the later stage of photolysis process which suggests the partial mineralization of the polymer during the photolysis process. According to the experimental results a mechanism of hydrogen generation and polymer degradation is suggested. 

Study on Fuel Economy and Exhaust Emission of Lean-Burn PFI Engines

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 1749-1752
Author(s):  
Xing Bo Yuan ◽  
Zhi Jun Li ◽  
Shao Shu Chen ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Co Emission

Lean-burn engines operate at a very lean air-to-fuel (A/F) ratio under light-load and part-load regions, in order to analyze the effect of engine speed and load on the BSFC (Break Specific Fuel Consumption) and exhaust emission of Lean-burn engine, an experimental research was conducted on a 4 cylinder lean-burn gasoline engine using different A/F ratios. The results show that the CO emission level decrease significantly, HC emission level becomes lower at the same A/F ratio, while the NOx emission increases, hence, advanced technologies are needed to carry out the NOx storage and purge operations in the lean-burn engines. Additionally, the experiment also reveals that the BSFC becomes lower as the engine speed and load increase.

scholarly journals Catalytic Activity of Beta-Cyclodextrin-Gold Nanoparticles Network in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Qui Quach ◽  
Erik Biehler ◽  
Ahmed Elzamzami ◽  
Clay Huff ◽  
Julia M. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Gold Catalyst ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Beta Cyclodextrin ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Climate Crisis

The current climate crisis warrants investigation into alternative fuel sources. The hydrolysis reaction of an aqueous hydride precursor, and the subsequent production of hydrogen gas, prove to be a viable option. A network of beta-cyclodextrin capped gold nanoparticles (BCD-AuNP) was synthesized and subsequently characterized by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS) to confirm the presence of gold nanoparticles as well as their size of approximately 8 nm. The catalytic activity of the nanoparticles was tested in the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride. The gold catalyst performed best at 303 K producing 1.377 mL min−1 mLcat−1 of hydrogen. The activation energy of the catalyst was calculated to be 54.7 kJ/mol. The catalyst resisted degradation in reusability trials, continuing to produce hydrogen gas in up to five trials.

scholarly journals Iridium Complex Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Glucose and Various Monosaccharides

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Fujita ◽  
Takayoshi Inoue ◽  
Toshiki Tanaka ◽  
Jaeyoung Jeong ◽  
Shohichi Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Iridium Complex ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Bipyridine Ligand

A new catalytic system has been developed for hydrogen production from various monosaccharides, mainly glucose, as a starting material under reflux conditions in water in the presence of a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridine ligand. For example, the reaction of D-glucose in water under reflux for 20 h in the presence of [Cp*Ir(6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine)(H2O)][OTf]2 (1.0 mol %) (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, OTf: trifluoromethanesulfonate) resulted in the production of hydrogen gas in 95% yield. In the present catalytic reaction, it was experimentally suggested that dehydrogenation of the alcoholic moiety at 1-position of glucose proceeded.

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