scholarly journals Solar Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from aqueous polystyrene-Pt/TiO2 Suspension

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3816-3820
Author(s):  
Jamal Harbi Hussien Alsaadi ◽  
Hasan Sabeeh Jabur
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

       In the present work, the Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from aqueous suspension of polystyrene is studied using titanium dioxide doped with platinum as photocatalyst. The parameters affecting the efficiency of Photocatalytic hydrogen production are Pt-loading (%), solution pH and the Pt/TiO2 loading and particle size.  Under optimum conditions, 78 micro moles of hydrogen gas is generated after about 25 hr, irradiation in deacrated solution  ( pH=13, Pt weight % load is 6% and Pt/TiO2 load and particle size are 4 gm/l and 400 mesh size respectively). Negligible amounts of hydrogen gas were noticed in the presence of unplatinized TiO2 at pH lower than 4. The apparent quantum yield of the Photocatalytic production of hydrogen was also determined and is affected by the % load of Pt on TiO2. The number average molecular weight of polystyrene decreases with irradiation time which indicates the photo degradation process under the condition employed. Carbon dioxide is also evolved at the later stage of photolysis process which suggests the partial mineralization of the polymer during the photolysis process. According to the experimental results a mechanism of hydrogen generation and polymer degradation is suggested. 

scholarly journals Development and implementation of a prototype pilot hydrogen generation plant using solar energy in rural areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Torres ◽  
Claudio Acuña ◽  
Claudio Leiva ◽  
Diego Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Way

Abstract BackgroundWorldwide, hydrogen is being regarded as a fuel of the future due to its abundance and the byproducts generated by its combustion. However, mass production of hydrogen gas is a problem complex, since it entails large energy costs. In this work, three prototypes, based on standard and low cost materials, for the production of hydrogen were used, varying the way of generating hydrogen by electrolysis and the way of using the hydrogen produced, either by storing it or to be use in burners in kitchen.ResultsIt was found that the operating temperatures oscillate between 60 to 90 degrees Celsius. The system of rectangular plates with bipolar dry cell electrolyzer obtained a H2 generation of 0.1 m3/hr with an energy consumption of 553.6 [kW/m3 H2] operating at 2 [atm], on the other hand, the unipolar collector with points generated 0.02 m3/hr 20/60 standard liters per H2 with a consumption of 144 [kW/m3] operating at 1 [atm] this was the most efficient device with a 26 % efficiency considering the solar energy used.ConclusionA low cost prototype was created which allows the use of solar energy, allowing the energy storage in the form of H2. It can be used in a rural area to be injected in kitchen burners, reducing LPG (liquefied petroleoum gas) consumptions and contributing to the sustainable development.

scholarly journals Investigation of Hydrogen Production by using Zinc Coated Platinum Electrode in Phosphate Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kemal Sangun ◽  
Guray Kilincceker
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pt Electrode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Phosphate Solutions ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the hydrogen gas producing was investigated at 298 K with zinc coated platinum (Pt-Zn) electrode in 0.1 M NaH2PO4 solution (pH=12.3). Electrolysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used for the production of hydrogen gas. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used for the surface analysis of the electrodes. A practical electrocatalytic experiment was designed to examine of hydrogen production by using a Zn plated Pt electrode and the efficiency of the hydrogen gas increased by 66.66% on the surface of the zinc coated platinum electrode.

Hydrogen as a Fuel Supplement in a CNG Operated Vehicle Using a Simple Onboard Hydrogen Generation System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Asad ◽  
Mohammad A. Wattoo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Small Current ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Natural gas operated gasoline engines achieve superior fuel economy on the expense of reduced engine power and increased emissions. One method of offsetting these disadvantages is by the addition of hydrogen gas up to 20% by volume to compressed natural gas (CNG) using the existing natural gas conversion systems. This offers major benefits in fuel economy, light load performance and lower emissions. The effect of supplementing CNG with hydrogen is studied along with the design of a simple hydrogen generation system for a 1.3 L bi-fuel engine. The Suzuki 1.3 L G13BA (SOHC) gasoline engine fitted with the Landi Renzo CNG pressure regulator, Type TN1 (Standard) has been used for experimentation. The system uses a small current for electrolysis of ordinary tap water for production of hydrogen. The light load performance is significantly enhanced and carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions are reduced. Constraints on system design have been duly accounted for and the complete system is placed under the hood of the vehicle.

scholarly journals Catalytic Activity of Beta-Cyclodextrin-Gold Nanoparticles Network in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Qui Quach ◽  
Erik Biehler ◽  
Ahmed Elzamzami ◽  
Clay Huff ◽  
Julia M. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Gold Catalyst ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Beta Cyclodextrin ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Climate Crisis

The current climate crisis warrants investigation into alternative fuel sources. The hydrolysis reaction of an aqueous hydride precursor, and the subsequent production of hydrogen gas, prove to be a viable option. A network of beta-cyclodextrin capped gold nanoparticles (BCD-AuNP) was synthesized and subsequently characterized by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS) to confirm the presence of gold nanoparticles as well as their size of approximately 8 nm. The catalytic activity of the nanoparticles was tested in the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride. The gold catalyst performed best at 303 K producing 1.377 mL min−1 mLcat−1 of hydrogen. The activation energy of the catalyst was calculated to be 54.7 kJ/mol. The catalyst resisted degradation in reusability trials, continuing to produce hydrogen gas in up to five trials.

scholarly journals Chitosan Nanocarrier Entrapping Hydrophilic Drugs as Advanced Polymeric System for Dual Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Application: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Box-Behnken Design

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Sara A. Abosabaa ◽  
Aliaa N. ElMeshad ◽  
Mona G. Arafa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Box Behnken Design

The objective of the present research is to propose chitosan as a nanocarrier for caffeine—a commonly used drug in combating cellulite. Being a hydrophilic drug, caffeine suffers from insufficient topical penetration upon application on the skin. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with caffeine were prepared via the ionic gelation technique and optimized according to a Box–Behnken design. The effect of (A) chitosan concentration, (B) chitosan solution pH, and (C) chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio on (Y1) entrapment efficiency percent, (Y2) particle size, (Y3) polydispersity index, and (Y4) zeta potential were studied. Subsequently, the desired constraints on responses were applied, and validation of the optimization procedure was confirmed by the parameters exhibited by the optimal formulation. A caffeine entrapment efficiency percent of 17.25 ± 1.48%, a particle size of 173.03 ± 4.32 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.278 ± 0.01, and a surface charge of 41.7 ± 3.0 mV were attained. Microscopical evaluation using transmission electron microscope revealed a typical spherical nature of the nanoparticles arranged in a network with a further confirmation of the formation of particles in the nano range. The results proved the successful implementation of the Box–Behnken design for optimization of chitosan-based nanoparticles in the field of advanced polymeric systems for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications.

scholarly journals Iridium Complex Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Glucose and Various Monosaccharides

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Fujita ◽  
Takayoshi Inoue ◽  
Toshiki Tanaka ◽  
Jaeyoung Jeong ◽  
Shohichi Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Iridium Complex ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Bipyridine Ligand

A new catalytic system has been developed for hydrogen production from various monosaccharides, mainly glucose, as a starting material under reflux conditions in water in the presence of a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridine ligand. For example, the reaction of D-glucose in water under reflux for 20 h in the presence of [Cp*Ir(6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine)(H2O)][OTf]2 (1.0 mol %) (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, OTf: trifluoromethanesulfonate) resulted in the production of hydrogen gas in 95% yield. In the present catalytic reaction, it was experimentally suggested that dehydrogenation of the alcoholic moiety at 1-position of glucose proceeded.

scholarly journals Photodeposition of Ag Nanocrystals onto TiO2 Nanotube Platform for Enhanced Water Splitting and Hydrogen Gas Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aimi Jani ◽  
Choonyian Haw ◽  
Weesiong Chiu ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Poisim Khiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Plasmonic Resonance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Ag Ncs

Current work reports the study of Ag nanocrystals (NCs) decorated doubly anodized (DA) TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) thin film as an efficient photoelectrode material for water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen gas production. DA process has been shown to be capable of producing less defective NTs and creating additional spacious gaps in between NT bundles to allow efficient and uniform integration of Ag NCs. By employing photoreduction method, Ag NCs can be deposited directly onto NTs, where the size and density of coverage can be maneuvered by merely varying the concentration of Ag precursors. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the Ag NCs with controllable size are homogeneously decorated onto the walls of NTs with random yet uniform distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the formation of anatase TiO2 NTs and Ag NCs, which can be well indexed to standard patterns. The decoration of metallic Ag NCs onto the surface of NTs demonstrates a significant enhancement in the photoconversion efficiency as compared to that of pristine TiO2 NTs. Additionally, the as-prepared nanocomposite film also shows improved efficiency when used as a photocatalyst platform in the production of hydrogen gas. Such improvement in the performance of water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen gas production activity can be credited to the surface plasmonic resonance of Ag NCs present on the surface of the NTs, which renders improved light absorption and better charge separation. The current work can serve as a model of study for designing more advanced nanoarchitecture photoelectrode for renewable energy application.

Hydrogen Generation by Hydrolysis of the Ball Milled Al-C-KCl Composite Powder in Distilled Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Ni Huang ◽  
Zhang Han Wu ◽  
Ke Cao ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Chun Ju Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Aluminum Particle ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Fine Particle Size ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the present investigation, the Al-C-KCl composite powders were prepared by a ball milling processing in an attempt to improve the hydrogen evolution capacity of aluminum in water. The results showed that the hydrogen generation reaction is affected by KCl amount, preparation processing, initial aluminum particle size and reaction temperature. Increasing KCl amount led to an increased hydrogen generation volume. The use of aluminum powder with a fine particle size could promote the aluminum hydrolysis reaction and get an increased hydrogen generation rate. The reaction temperature played an important role in hydrogen generation rate and the maximum hydrogen generation rate of 44.8 cm3 min-1g-1of Al was obtained at 75oC. The XRD results identified that the hydrolysis byproducts are bayerite (Al(OH)3) and boehmite (AlOOH).

scholarly journals Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co3O4 photocathode

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2432-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malkeshkumar Patel ◽  
Joondong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyte ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Pec Cells ◽  
Gas Generation Rate

Co3O4 has been widely studied as a catalyst when coupled with a photoactive material during hydrogen production using water splitting. Here, we demonstrate a photoactive spinel Co3O4 electrode grown by the Kirkendall diffusion thermal oxidation of Co nanoparticles. The thickness-dependent structural, physical, optical, and electrical properties of Co3O4 samples are comprehensively studied. Our analysis shows that two bandgaps of 1.5 eV and 2.1 eV coexist with p-type conductivity in porous and semitransparent Co3O4 samples, which exhibit light-induced photocurrent in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) containing the alkaline electrolyte. The thickness-dependent properties of Co3O4 related to its use as a working electrode in PEC cells are extensively studied and show potential for the application in water oxidation and reduction processes. To demonstrate the stability, an alkaline cell was composed for the water splitting system by using two Co3O4 photoelectrodes. The oxygen gas generation rate was obtained to be 7.17 mL·h−1 cm−1. Meanwhile, hydrogen gas generation rate was almost twice of 14.35 mL·h−1·cm−1 indicating the stoichiometric ratio of 1:2. We propose that a semitransparent Co3O4 photoactive electrode is a prospective candidate for use in PEC cells via heterojunctions for hydrogen generation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document