Design and Analysis of an Example Lathe Spindle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal Vyasa ◽  
Raghu Echempati
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Good Learning

This paper discusses the modeling and analysis of an example medium speed medium precision lathe spindle. This and few other similar topics have been assigned as term projects in an introductory senior undergraduate/graduate level finite element analysis course taught at Kettering University. The experiences and the general feedback from the students of the class show satisfactory organization of the course material that includes modeling and analysis of real life examples. With reference to the specific topic on design of machine tool spindles, it is not a new area, however, it is generally taught at the graduate and research levels. Use of modern computational tools to perform iterative design and analysis calculations of such spindles make the senior undergraduate and/or graduate master students aware of the implications of modeling a real life system using the 1D and 3D finite beam elements and to validate those results by a CAE tool. Final course projects such as this serve as a good learning tool to the graduating engineers. Sample results obtained from various CAE tools such as UG-NX 7.5 are presented in the paper and discussed.

Thermo-Mechanical Modeling and Analysis of Equal Channel Angular Pressing

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xiang Pei ◽  
B.H. Hu ◽  
C. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Die Geometry ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Good Agreement

Thermo-mechanical finite element analysis was carried out to study the deformation behavior and temperature distribution during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The material model used is the Johnson-Cook constitution model that can consider the multiplication effect of strain, strain rate, and temperature on the flow stress. The effects of pressing speed, pressing temperature, workpiece material and die geometry on the temperature rise and flow behavior during ECAP process were investigated. The simulated temperature rise due to deformation heating was compared with published experimental results and a good agreement was obtained. Among the various die geometries studied, the two-turn die with 0° round corner generates the highest and most uniform plastic strain in the workpiece.

In Silico Finite Element Analysis of the Foot Ankle Complex Biomechanics: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phong Phan ◽  
Anh Vo ◽  
Amirhamed Bakhtiarydavijani ◽  
Reuben Burch ◽  
Brian K. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ankle Complex ◽  
Biomechanics Of The Foot

Abstract Computational approaches, especially Finite Element Analysis (FEA), have been rapidly growing in both academia and industry during the last few decades. FEA serves as a powerful and efficient approach for simulating real-life experiments, including industrial product development, machine design, and biomedical research, particularly in biomechanics and biomaterials. Accordingly, FEA has been a "go-to" high biofidelic software tool to simulate and quantify the biomechanics of the foot-ankle complex, as well as to predict the risk of foot and ankle injuries, which are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries among physically active individuals. This paper provides a review of the in silico FEA of the foot-ankle complex. First, a brief history of computational modeling methods and Finite Element (FE) simulations for foot-ankle models is introduced. Second, a general approach to build a FE foot and ankle model is presented, including a detailed procedure to accurately construct, calibrate, verify, and validate a FE model in its appropriate simulation environment. Third, current applications, as well as future improvements of the foot and ankle FE models, especially in the biomedical field, are discussed. Lastly, a conclusion is made on the efficiency and development of FEA as a computational approach in investigating the biomechanics of the foot-ankle complex. Overall, this review integrates insightful information for biomedical engineers, medical professionals, and researchers to conduct more accurate research on the foot-ankle FE models in the future.

Seismic Assessment of Masonry Building Clusters with a Dedicated NLA Software

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vailati ◽  
Giorgio Monti ◽  
Giorgia di Gangi
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Seismic Assessment ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Future Version ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Typical Scenario

A building context as complex as that of many historical centers in Europe is the typical scenario where more and more technicians found themselves at work. In addition to the usual difficulty of dealing with the complexity of masonry building clusters, they particularly feel the lack of the essential support of dedicated computational tools. In fact, the calculation codes currently available do not address modeling and analysis of building clusters in a personalized manner. VENUS, Italian acronym for Nonlinear Assessment of Structural Units, is a software developed in C++, which deals with the seismic assessment of building clusters in an integrated manner, accompanying the practitioner from the early stages of defining the level of knowledge, to the management of the design quantities, until the graphic elaboration of the results. Finally, it allows to test the effectiveness of a local intervention with traditional and innovative strengthening techniques and to evaluate its effects on the global response. Finally, a brief description of a stochastic approach foreseen in a future version of the software is discussed.

Semi-Quantitative Reliability-Based Ranking Method for Assessment of Pipeline Dents With Stress Risers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Langer ◽  
Sherif Hassanien ◽  
Janine Woo
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Stress Risers ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Detailed Assessment

Current regulations for prediction and management of potential delayed failures from existing pipeline dents rely primarily on depth and conservative assumptions related to threat interactions, which have shown limited correlation with industry failures. Such miscorrelation can lead to challenges in managing effectiveness and efficiency of pipeline integrity programs. Leading integrity techniques that entail detailed assessment of complex dent features rely on the use of finite element analysis, which tends to be inefficient for managing large pipeline systems due to prohibitively complex modeling and analysis procedures. While efforts are underway to improve dent assessment models across the industry, these often require significant detailed information that might not be available to operators; moreover, they suffer scattered model error which makes them susceptible to unclear levels of conservatism (or non-conservatism). Nevertheless, most techniques/models are deterministic in nature and neglect the effect of both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Operators typically utilize conservative assumptions based on subject matter experts’ opinions when planning mitigation programs in order to account for different types of uncertainties associated with the problem. This leads to inefficient dig programs (associated with significant costs) while potentially leaving dents on the pipeline which cannot be quantitatively risk assessed using current approaches. To address these concerns, the problem calls for a dent assessment framework that balances accuracy with the ability to assess dent and threat integration features at a system-wide level with available information in a practical timeframe that aligns with other integrity programs. This paper expands upon the authors’ previously published work regarding a fully quantitative reliability-based methodology for the assessment of dents interacting with stress risers. The proposed semi-quantitative reliability model leverages a strain-based limit state for plain dents (including uncertainty) with semi-quantitative factors used to account for complex geometry, stress riser interactions, and operating conditions. These factors are calibrated to reliability results from more detailed analysis and/or field findings in order to provide a simple, conservative, analytical-based ranking tool which can be used to identify features that may require more detailed assessment prior to mitigation. Initial validation results are provided alongside areas for continued development. The proposed model provides sufficient flexibility to allow it to be tailored/calibrated to reflect specific operator’s experience. The model allows for a consistent analysis of all types of dent features in a pipeline system in a short period of time to support prioritization of features while providing a base-level likelihood assessment to support calculation of risk. This novel development supports a dent management framework which includes multiple levels of analysis, using both deterministic and probabilistic techniques, to manage the threat of dents associated with stress risers across a pipeline system.

The Role of Laboratory Experiments in Engineering Education

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Gany
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Engineering Design Problems ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Research Students

The role of students experience in laboratory tests as a part of their engineering education is discussed. Nowadays, when computer simulations become an important tool in engineering design, problems solution, and research, students may loose the touch of real-world hardware and challenges. Hence, exposure to experimental work is very significant. It is proposed that at the advanced stages of the first degree studies, experiments related to specific courses will be incorporated as a part of the course material. It is also believed that in studies towards higher degrees, the combination of experimental research with theoretical modeling and analysis is an excellent introduction for the future professional career.

Design and analysis of a dual-mode driven parallel XY micromanipulator for micro/nanomanipulations

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (12) ◽  
pp. 3043-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tang ◽  
Yangmin Li ◽  
Jiming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Novel Design

This article presents a novel design of a flexure-based, piezoelectric actuated, completely decoupled, high-bandwidth, highresolution, and large stroke parallel XY micromanipulator with two amplification levers. The monolithic mechanism is featured with dual working modes, which meets different kinds of requirements in terms of high resolution and large workspace in micro/nano fields. In order to reduce the displacement loss, the modeling and analysis of bending motion of the levers are conducted; thereafter, compliance and stiffness modeling by employing the matrix method are established. Furthermore, the dynamics modeling and analysis via Lagrange equations are performed to improve the dynamic properties of the mechanism. The simulation results of finite element analysis indicate that the cross-coupling between the two axes is kept to 1.2%; meanwhile, the natural frequency of the mechanism is about 700 Hz, and the amplifier ratio is approximately 2.32. Both theoretical analysis and finite element analysis results well validate the performance of the proposed mechanism.

A Meta-Object Based Approach to Finite Element Modeling

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Shanbhag ◽  
Ian R. Grosse ◽  
Jack C. Wileden ◽  
Alan Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Modeling ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Element Modeling ◽  
Molded Part ◽  
Analysis Models

Abstract With the integration of CAD and FEA software packages, design engineers who are not skilled in finite element analysis are performing finite element modeling and analysis. Furthermore, in the analysis of a system, engineers often make numerous modeling simplifications and analysis assumptions depending on the trade-off between cost, accuracy, precision or other engineering analysis objectives. Thus, reusability or interoperability of engineering analysis models is difficult and often impractical due to the wealth of knowledge involved in the creation of such models and the lack of formal methods to codify and explicitly represent this critical modeling knowledge. Most institutions and organizations have started documenting these simplifications and assumptions, making them understandable for the other engineers within the organization. However, this does not allow a seamless exchange of data or interoperability with other analysis models of similar or dissimilar nature. This plays a very important role in today’s market, which is moving away from the traditional make-to-stock production model to a build-to-demand model. We address these issues in this paper by adopting and extending the computer science concept of meta-object, and applying it in novel ways to the domain of FEA and the representation of finite element modeling knowledge. We present a taxonomy for engineering models that aids in the definition of the various object analysis classes. A simple beam analysis example, followed by a more realistic injection-molded part example. The latter example involves injection-mold filling simulation, thermal cooling, and part ejection analyses which are subclasses for a generic manufacturing analysis meta-object class. Prototype implementations of automated support for this meta-object approach to finite element modeling is in progress.

Evaluation of the Elliptical Flange Configurations for 24-Inch and 30-Inch Heater/Cooler Units

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alexander ◽  
Wade Armer ◽  
Stuart Harbert
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Geometric Changes ◽  
Maximum Contact

KOCH Heat Transfer Company contracted Stress Engineering Services, Inc. to perform a design/parameter study of a return bonnet used in hairpin heat exchangers that employs an elliptical flange design. The return bonnet is an important component of the heat exchanger as it can be removed to permit inspection of the heat exchanger tubes. The return bonnet is bolted to the hairpin leg flange. To maintain sealing integrity a gasket is placed between the return bonnet flange and the hairpin leg flange. The sealing efficiency of two return bonnet sizes (24-inch and 30-inch) was investigated in this study using finite element analysis. The sealing efficiency is an indication of how the contact pressure changes circumferentially around the gasket and is calculated by dividing the local contact pressure by the maximum contact pressure calculated in the gasket for each respective design. The study assessed the effects of geometric changes to the mating flanges. Using an iterative design process using finite element analysis, the elliptical flanges were optimized to maximize sealing efficiency. Upon completion of the study, the manufacturer successfully employed the modifications as evidenced with multiple successful hydrotests.

Development of Stress Intensification Factors for Collared Type Piping Joints

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Transfer Lines

Abstract Stress Intensification Factors or SIFs allow piping to be analyzed using beam theory, with a SIF representing local effects of specific piping geometry. However, the current piping codes do not explicitly provide SIFs for collared type piping joints for use in pipe stress calculations. The objective of this paper is to describe the methodology on how a finite element analysis (FEA) was to model the behavior of collared joints, and to ultimately develop appropriate SIFs that can be used in pipe stress analyses. This paper describes a real-life analysis example on collared joints installed on a set of existing fuel transfer lines. The lines, which ranged in size from DN200 to DN350, were concrete lined carbon steel with the collars fillet welded to the carbon steel section of the piping. Test coupons cut from existing pipe-collar sections were tested in a laboratory to determine the forces required to break the collar welds. Using FEA, the same test coupons were modelled to replicate the failure tests. Multiple iterations were undertaken to determine an appropriate bi-linear stress-strain curve fit for the weld material. The curves of different weld electrode materials were considered. The curve which lead to results similar to those observed in physical testing was selected. From this, a failure stress across the weld could be determined. This stress, 435MPa was then used in subsequent models to determine the point at which the weld fails under bending loads. Multiple tests were analyzed to allow for possible effects of inclusions and voids. Finite element models of the collar geometries were constructed and non-linear analyses were undertaken using the weld strengths determined from the coupon testing data. A simple cantilever type arrangement with a point load at one end was analyzed, inducing a bending moment across the collar. The peak stress resulting from the bending moment across the collar weld at the center of the cantilevered pipe arrangement, was investigated across various pipe diameters, wall thicknesses, weld sizes and collar geometries. Based on the results, a relationship between the pipe geometry and SIF was developed. Hence a pipe stress model of the transfer lines could ultimately be developed using these SIFs to predict the behavior of the piping.

Influence of Thermal Sweep on Girder Stability during Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (41) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Honig ◽  
Zachary S. Harper ◽  
Gary R. Consolazio
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Bridge Girders ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Fabrication Tolerances ◽  
Type V

During construction, girder stability of precast, prestressed concrete bridge girders is adversely affected by fabrication imperfections. Consequently, limits on lateral sweep imperfection caused by fabrication tolerances are imposed by design standards, thus reducing the possibility of girder instability and rollover. However, thermal sweep, induced by solar heating during early stages of construction, can add to pre-existing fabrication tolerances thereby amplifying girder imperfections and reducing stability. In the present study, lateral thermal gradients available in the literature were adopted and enhanced for purposes of computing thermal girder sweep. A variety of girder types—PCI BT-63, Florida-I Beams, and AASHTO Type-V—were then investigated to quantify the influence that lateral thermal sweep has on the stability of individual precast concrete bridge girders under lateral wind load. Previously validated finite element analysis modeling and analysis techniques were used to conduct a parametric study that included 10 girder types, varying span lengths, and five geographic locations. Results revealed that thermal sweep may cause wind carrying capacity reductions of the order of 30 to 60% for typical span lengths, and even greater reductions at span lengths that approach maximum design limits. Consequently, it is crucial that thermal sweep, caused by environmental solar-heating conditions, be considered in construction-stage girder stability analyses.

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