Relationship of Lingual and Intraoral Air Pressure during Consonant Production

The production of many consonant sounds requires a buildup of air pressure within die oral cavity. This buildup often results from resistance to air flow created in the vocal tract by tongue movements. This study investigated the relationship of tongue pressure to intraoral air pressure. Four male speakers repeated VCV syllables containing /t/, /d/, and /n/ combined with /i/, /α/, and /u/. Each combination was repeated at a constant rate at three intensity levels. Air-pressure variations associated with the consonants were recorded from the oral-pharyngeal region while tongue pressures were recorded from behind the maxillary central incisors and above the left and right maxillary molars. The results show that for stop-consonant production, air pressures and lateral tongue pressures vary in parallel manner, whereas tongue tip pressures appear to act independently of both air and side tongue pressures. Vocal intensity changes are an exception to this in that both intraoral air and tongue pressures increased as intensity increased, the greatest change occurring for tongue tip pressures.

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Relationship of Intraoral Air Pressure to Tongue Tip‐Alveolar Ridge Contact for Lingual Alveolar Stops

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.3437136 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 384-384

Author(s):

Robert E. McGlone ◽

W. S. Brown

Keyword(s):

Air Pressure ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Intraoral Air Pressure ◽

Relationship Of

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Correlates of Turbulent Noise Production for Speech

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1001.133 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thomas J. Hixon ◽

Fred D. Minifie ◽

Charles A. Tait

Keyword(s):

Sound Pressure Level ◽

Sound Pressure ◽

Power Laws ◽

Pressure Level ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Voice Production ◽

Volume Rate ◽

Intraoral Air Pressure ◽

Noise Production ◽

Parameters Of Interest

Intraoral air pressure, volume rate of airflow, and sound pressure level were measured during /∫/ and /s/ productions of two speakers. In addition numerical estimates of the loudness of the productions were made by each speaker and by a group of judges. The power laws governing the relations among the parameters of interest are discussed and the results are compared with available data on voice production.

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Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Activity in Relation to Intraoral Air Pressure Variation in Cleft Palate Subjects

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_1995_032_0376_lvpmai_2.3.co_2 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 376-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

David P. Kuehn ◽

Jerald B. Moon

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Levator Muscle ◽

Emg Activity ◽

High Activation ◽

Levator Veli Palatini ◽

Activation Level ◽

High Activation Level ◽

Intraoral Air Pressure ◽

Total Activation

A comparison of the ranges of levator veli palatini EMG activity for speech versus a nonspeech task for subjects with cleft palate was the focus of this study. EMG values are also compared with subjects without cleft palate obtained in a previous study. Hooked-wire electrodes were inserted into the levator muscle of five adult subjects with cleft palate exhibiting mild hypernasality. Intraoral air pressure was measured concurrently. A blowing task was used to determine the subject's operating range for the levator muscle. Both the nonspeech and speech tasks were designed to sample the widest possible ranges of levator EMG activity. It was found that the subjects with cleft palate used a relatively high activation level for the levator muscle during speech, in relation to their total activation range, compared with the subjects without cleft palate. Implications are discussed In relation to possible anatomic and physiologic differences for cleft palate subjects compared to normal.

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Tongue–Palate Contact Pressure, Oral Air Pressure, and Acoustics of Clear Speech

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0337) ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 826-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jeff Searl ◽

Paul M. Evitts

Keyword(s):

Contact Pressure ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Speaking Rate ◽

Clear Speech ◽

Speech Acoustics ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Speech Clarity ◽

Normal Speech ◽

Listener Ratings

Purpose The authors compared articulatory contact pressure (ACP), oral air pressure (Po), and speech acoustics for conversational versus clear speech. They also assessed the relationship of these measures to listener perception. Method Twelve adults with normal speech produced monosyllables in a phrase using conversational and clear speech. Target phonemes were /t, d, s, z, l, n/. ACP was measured at a point of articulatory contact; Po was sensed by a catheter open in the posterior oral cavity. Results ACP was increased to a greater extent in clear speech for /t, d, z/. Po was increased to a greater extent for /t, d/. Acoustic changes also occurred in terms of segment durations, speaking rate, and CV dB ratio. Regression analysis indicated that segment duration was the strongest predictor of listener ratings of speech clarity, followed by an index of articulatory effort and speaking rate. Conclusion Articulatory effort, as indexed by ACP, Po, and CV dB ratio, was increased to varying degrees depending on the consonant. Greatest changes occurred for /t, d/. Durational measures at both the segment and the phrase level were also important for predicting listener ratings of speech clarity.

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