Biomechanical Analysis of a Change-of-Direction Task in College Soccer Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Condello ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek ◽  
Antonio Tessitore ◽  
Carl Foster
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Cutting Angle ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biomechanical Measurements

This study aimed to investigate biomechanical parameters during a change-of-direction task in college soccer players. Fourteen male and 12 female players performed a 10-m sprint with a 60° change of direction at 5 m. Vertical and mediolateral groundreaction force (GRF) and contact time were measured by having the subjects run in both directions while contacting a force plate with either their preferred (kicking) or nonpreferred leg. Using the midpoint between 2 pelvic markers, further parameters were evaluated: performance cutting angle and horizontal distance. Relationships between parameters, sex, and leg preference were analyzed. Significant correlations emerged between vertical and mediolateral GRF (r = .660–.909) and between contact time and performance cutting angle (r = –.598 to –.793). Sex differences were found for mediolateral GRF (P = .005), performance cutting angle (P = .043), and horizontal distance (P = .020). Leg differences were observed for vertical GRF (P = .029), performance cutting angle (P = .011), and horizontal distance (P = .012). This study showed that a sharper change of direction corresponded to a longer contact time, while no relationships were found with GRF. Moreover, measuring the angle revealed that the real path traveled was different from the theoretical one, highlighting the performance of sharper or more rounded execution. In conclusion, this study showed that specific biomechanical measurements can provide details about the execution of a change of direction, highlighting the ability of the nonpreferred leg to perform better directional changes.

Biomechanical Analysis of Older Adults Stepping Up: A Method of Evaluating Balance

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Michel-Pellegrino ◽  
David Hewson ◽  
Jean-Yves Hogrel ◽  
Jacques Duchêne
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Weight Transfer

The aim of this study was to analyze differences in biomechanical parameters between elderly and control participants when stepping up, to evaluate control of balance. Eleven control and 14 elderly participants performed a step from an initial static posture onto a 7-cm-high force plate. For the spontaneous-velocity condition, elderly participants performed a slower progression velocity than control participants. Elderly participants spent proportionally more time in stance phase, with a corresponding decrease in swing phase, than the control participants, irrespective of movement velocity. In contrast, at spontaneous velocity the parameters related to ground-reaction force (GRF) showed that anteroposterior and mediolateral forces at toe-off of the support limb and the slope of vertical force during weight transfer were significantly smaller for the elderly than for control participants. These GRF parameters depended on the stepping-up velocity. The elderly develop a spatiotemporal strategy and reduced movement velocity to control support balance.

Effects of Eccentric Overload Bout on Change of Direction and Performance in Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Hoyo ◽  
A. de la Torre ◽  
F. Pradas ◽  
B. Sañudo ◽  
L. Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Eccentric Overload

Jump Squat is More Related to Sprinting and Jumping Abilities than Olympic Push Press

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (08) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Loturco ◽  
R. Kobal ◽  
T. Maldonado ◽  
A. Piazzi ◽  
A. Bottino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Test ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Outputs

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the relationships between jump squat (JS) and Olympic push press (OPP) power outputs and performance in sprint, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and change of direction (COD) speed tests in elite soccer players. 27 athletes performed a maximum power load test to determine their bar mean propulsive power (MPP) and bar mean propulsive velocity (MPV) in the JS and OPP exercises. Magnitude-based inference was used to compare the exercises. The MPV was almost certainly higher in the OPP than in the JS. The MPP relative to body mass (MPP REL) was possibly higher in the OPP. Only the JS MPP REL presented very large correlations with linear speed (r>0.7, for speed in 5, 10, 20 and 30 m) and vertical jumping abilities (r>0.8, for SJ and CMJ), and moderate correlation with COD speed (r=0.45). Although significant (except for COD), the associations between OPP outcomes and field-based measurements (speed, SJ and CMJ) were all moderate, ranging from 0.40 to 0.48. In a group composed of elite soccer players, the JS exercise is more associated with jumping and sprinting abilities than the OPP. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm if these strong relationships imply superior training effects in favor of the JS exercise.

scholarly journals Influence of age on the anthropometric and performance characteristics of high-level youth female soccer players

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Emmonds ◽  
K Till ◽  
J Redgrave ◽  
E Murray ◽  
L Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric and performance characteristics of high-level youth female soccer players by annual-age category (Under 10 (U10)–U16). Data were collected from 157 female soccer players (U16, n = 46; U14, n = 43; U12, n = 38; U10, n = 30), recruited from three high-level female soccer academies in England. Players completed assessments of anthropometry (height and body mass), isometric mid-thigh pull strength, jump height, aerobic capacity, change of direction (505-left/right) and speed (10 and 30 m). Magnitude based-inferences were used to assess for practical significance between consecutive age groups. Height ( very likely–most likely), body mass ( very likely–most likely), absolute strength ( most likely), jump height ( likely–very likely) and distance on the YYIRL1 ( possibly–most likely) were greater in older players. Both speed and change of direction time were most likely to very likely lower in older players. However, only most likely trivial–possibly trivial differences were observed in relative strength between age groups. Findings suggest that physical characteristics except for relative strength differentiate by age categories. These findings provide comparative data and target reference data for such populations and can be used by coaches and practitioners for player development purposes. Practitioners should be aware that relative strength does not differ between age categories in high-level youth female soccer players.

Biomechanical Analysis of Surface-Athlete Impacts on Third-Generation Artificial Turf

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McGhie ◽  
Gertjan Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Impact Absorption

Background: Excessive repetitive loads are widely believed to be the cause of overload or overuse injuries. On third-generation artificial turf, impacts have been found to vary with surface and shoe properties. Mechanical devices are considered not representative for measuring impact absorption during athletic movements, and pressure insoles have been shown as inaccurate with regard to magnitude of force. Purpose: To compare impact properties between different third-generation artificial turf systems in combination with various cleat configurations in vivo using force plate technology. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-two male soccer players (mean ± SD: age, 23.1 ± 2.8 y; height, 1.81 ± 0.1 m; body mass, 77.5 ± 6.0 kg) performed 10 short sprints, 5 straight with a sudden stop and 5 with a 90° cut, over a force plate covered with artificial turf for each combination of 3 turf systems and 3 cleat configurations. Results: During stop sprints, peak impact was significantly higher on a recreational-level turf system than professional-level turf systems with and without an underlying shock pad (3.12 body weight [ W] vs 3.01 W and 3.02 W, respectively). During cut sprints, peak impact was significantly higher with traditional round cleats than with turf cleats and bladed cleats (2.99 W vs 2.84 W and 2.87 W, respectively). Conclusion: The results indicate that both an increase in assumed impact-absorbing surface properties and a larger distribution of shorter cleats produced lower impacts during standardized athletic movements. Regardless, none of the shoe-surface combinations yielded peak impacts of an assumed hazardous magnitude. Clinical Relevance: The study provides information on the extent to which various third-generation artificial turf systems and cleat configurations affect impact force, widely believed to be a causative factor for overload and overuse injuries.

QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS HOOP THROWS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Raluca Tanasa
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Groups ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Execution Technique ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Throws and catches in rhythmic gymnastics represent one of the fundamental groups of apparatus actuation. They represent for the hoop actions of great showmanship, but also elements of risk. The purpose of this paper is to improve the throw execution technique through biomechanical analysis in order to increase the performance of female gymnasts in competitions. The subjects of this study were 8 gymnasts aged 9-10 years old, practiced performance Rhythmic Gymnastics. The experiment consisted in video recording and the biomechanical analysis of the element “Hoop throw, step jump and catch”. After processing the video recordings using the Simi Motion software, we have calculated and obtained values concerning: launch height, horizontal distance and throwing angle between the arm and the horizontal. Pursuant to the data obtained, we have designed a series of means to improve the execution technique for the elements comprised within the research and we have implemented them in the training process. Regarding the interpretation of the results, it may be highlighted as follows: height and horizontal distance in this element have values of the correlation coefficient of 0.438 and 0.323, thus a mean significance of 0.005. The values of the arm/horizontal angle have improved for all the gymnasts, the correlation coefficient being 0.931, with a significance of 0.01. As a general conclusion, after the results obtained, it may be stated that the means introduced in the experiment have proven their efficacy, which has led to the optimisation of the execution technique, thus confirming the research hypothesis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure and Other Biomechanical Parameters to Distinguish between Subclinical Keratoconus and Healthy Corneas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Cristina Peris-Martínez ◽  
María Amparo Díez-Ajenjo ◽  
María Carmen García-Domene ◽  
María Dolores Pinazo-Durán ◽  
María José Luque-Cobija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Theory ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Biomechanical Measurements ◽  
Noncontact Tonometry

(1) Purpose: To assess the main corneal response differences between normal and subclinical keratoconus (SCKC) with a Corvis® ST device. (2) Material and Methods: We selected 183 eyes of normal patients, of a mean age of 33 ± 9 years and 16 eyes of patients with SCKC of a similar mean age. We measured best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal topography with a Pentacam HD device to select the SCKC group. Biomechanical measurements were performed using the Corvis® ST device. We carried out a non-parametric analysis of the data with SPSS software (Wilcoxon signed rank-test). (3) Results: We found statistically significant differences between the control and SCKC groups in some corneal biomechanical parameters: first and second applanation time (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02), maximum deformation amplitude (p = 0.016), highest concavity radius (p = 0.007), and second applanation length and corneal velocity ((p = 0.039 and p = 0.016). (4) Conclusions: Our results show that the use of normalised biomechanical parameters provided by noncontact tonometry, combined with a discriminant function theory, is a useful tool for detecting subclinical keratoconus.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Magnitude of Interlimb Asymmetries in Young Female Soccer Players: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Daniel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Ability

Although asymmetries in lower limbs have been linked with players’ performance in male soccer players, literature that has been published addressing female soccer is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was twofold: (i) describe the asymmetries of women soccer players during jumping, change-of-direction and range-of-motion tests; and (ii) test possible relationships between asymmetries and injury risk in female soccer players. Sixteen female players (15.5 ± 1.5 years) performed a battery of fitness tests (i.e., jump ability, change-of-direction ability and passive range-of-motion) and muscle mass analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, through which the specific asymmetry index and the related injury risk were calculated. Significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in the change-of-direction test were observed in comparison to those observed in jumping and range-of-motion tests; significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in muscle mass were also reported compared to those found in the change-of-direction and countermovement jump tests. Additionally, increased injury risk for countermovement jump and hip flexion with extended knee range-of-motion (relating to asymmetry values) and for ankle flexion with flexed knee range-of-motion in both legs (relating to reference range-of-motion values), as well as increased individual injury risk values, were observed across all tests. These findings suggest the necessity to implement individual approaches for asymmetry and injury risk analyses.

scholarly journals Associations between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Jump and Change of Direction Speed Tests and Physical Performance in Adolescent Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Elena Pardos-Mainer ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Physical Tests

The association between asymmetries in jump and change of direction (COD) with physical performance in several sports show inconclusive results. The purposes of this study were to: (1) measure inter-limb asymmetries in three distinct groups in adolescent female soccer players and, (2) to determine the association between inter-limb asymmetries and physical performance in different age groups. Fifty-four players were distributed in three age groups: U-18, U-16 and U-14. All of them performed a series of jumps, sprints and change of direction speed tests. Asymmetries were assessed as the percentage difference between limbs, with the equation: 100/Max value (right and left) * in value (right and left) * −1 + 100. Mean inter-limb asymmetries were 2.91%, 4.82% and 11.6% for 180° COD, single leg hop and single leg countermovement jump tests respectively, but higher percentages of asymmetries were observed in many players individually. U-18 and U-16 showed significant differences on 180° left COD compared to U-14. Effect size (ES): 0.80 and 0.74, respectively; U-18 presented differences on single left leg hop test compared to U-14, ES: −0.72; U-16 also showed differences on 40 m speed compared to U-14, ES 0.87 (All p < 0.05). Jumping and COD physical tests show asymmetries in adolescent female soccer players, but these asymmetries do not interfere with physical performance. The largest asymmetry was observed in the single leg countermovement jump, and no asymmetries between groups were found. Due to the high variability in the direction of asymmetries, it is recommended to consider players’ individual asymmetries for designing specific training programs.

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