A Motivational Model of Performance-Enhancing Substance Use in Elite Athletes

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Donahue ◽  
Paule Miquelon ◽  
Pierre Valois ◽  
Claude Goulet ◽  
André Buist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Motivational Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Very little research has been done so far on the psychological determinants of performance-enhancing substance use in sports. The purpose of this study was to propose and test a motivational model of performance-enhancing substance use with elite athletes (N = 1,201). The model posits that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation toward sport predict, respectively, positive and negative sportspersonship orientations, which in turn negatively predict the use of performance-enhancing substances. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation toward sport, sportspersonship orientations, and performance-enhancing substance use in the last 12 months. Findings supported the motivational model. The present findings support the role of intrinsic motivation and sportspersonship orientations in preventing athletes from engaging in unethical behavior such as the use of performance-enhancing substances. Future research should seek to replicate this model with professional and Olympic athletes.

Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McDuff ◽  
Todd Stull ◽  
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
Mary E Hitchcock ◽  
Brian Hainline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

BackgroundSubstances from various classes may be used for recreational purposes, self-treatment or to boost performance. When substance use shifts from occasional to regular, heavy or hazardous use, positive and negative effects can develop that vary by substance class and athlete. Regular use of recreational or performance enhancing substances can lead to misuse, sanctions or use disorders.ObjectiveTo review the prevalence, patterns of use, risk factors, performance effects and types of intervention for all classes of recreational and performance enhancing substances in elite athletes by sport, ethnicity, country and gender.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies that compared the prevalence and patterns of substance use, misuse and use disorders in elite athletes with those of non-athletes and provided detailed demographic and sport variations in reasons for use, risk factors and performance effects for each main substance class.ResultsAlcohol, cannabis, tobacco (nicotine) and prescribed opioids and stimulants are the most commonly used substances in elite athletes, but generally used at lower rates than in non-athletes. In contrast, use/misuse rates for binge alcohol, oral tobacco, non-prescription opioids and anabolic-androgenic steroids are higher among athletes than non-athletes, especially in power and collision sports. Cannabis/cannabinoids seem to have replaced nicotine as the second most commonly used substance.ConclusionsSubstance use in elite athletes varies by country, ethnicity, gender, sport and competitive level. There are no studies on substance use disorder prevalence in elite male and female athletes and few studies with direct comparison groups.

Perceived Organizational Climate and the Process of Salesperson Motivation

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Valence Theory ◽  
Theory Of Motivation

The author examines how organizational climate contributes to salespersons’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to perform. On the basis of expectancy-valence theory of motivation, specific relationships between organizational climate and motivational components are tested using a sample of insurance salespersons. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MOTIVASI, KOMPLEKSITAS TUGAS, DAN INSENTIF MONETER TERHADAP KINERJA INDIVIDU

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Aulia Azzardina
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

This study investigates the relationship between motivation and task complexity on performance. Monetary incentives are involved in this study as a moderating variable. The motivation examined in this research is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. A 2x2 quasi-experiment has been conducted and involving 66 university students. Two and three-way ANOVA are used for hypothetical testing. The result shows that individuals with intrinsic motivation have shown better performance than those with extrinsic motivation. After individuals have faced more complex tasks, they achieved lower scores than those who faced less complex tasks. Prior studies suggested that motivation could be destructed by monetary incentives. However, there is no interaction proof when moderating variable is involved. The relationship between motivation and performance is not influenced by monetary incentives. In line with it, the relationship between task complexity and performance is also not strengthened or weakened by the given monetary incentives information. Thus, monetary incentives failed to influence the relationship between motivation, task complexity and performance.

scholarly journals Legal Performance-Enhancing Substances and Substance Use Problems Among Young Adults

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. e20200409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Ganson ◽  
Deborah Mitchison ◽  
Stuart B. Murray ◽  
Jason M. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Competitiveness vis-à-vis motivation and personality as drivers of academic performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Baumann ◽  
Marina Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Student Academic Performance ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reported Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build on the foundational theories of personality and motivation to explore the role of competitiveness and of ethnicity in relation to student academic performance. Survey data from 328 students across four sites (Australia, Denmark, Hong Kong and Korea) provided self-rated responses to items measuring personality, motivation, competitiveness and ethnicity. Design/methodology/approach Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify the variables that predicated student academic performance, including testing for interaction effect of ethnicity. Both student self-reported data and independently assessed performance measures were used to avoid common method variance. Findings This study affirmed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are significantly associated with academic performance. The personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion and neuroticism are significantly associated with a student’s competitiveness. The interaction of competitiveness and ethnicity is significantly and positively associated with performance. Research limitations/implications The variable of student competitiveness requires further research to better understand its role in academic performance. Researching ethnicity at the micro level allows the acknowledgement and investigation of “intra-national diversity” (Tung, 2008; Tung and Baumann, 2009). Originality/value This study is original in its approach in that it combines the concepts of motivation, personality, competitiveness and ethnicity in relation to student academic performance. While previous studies have explored these concepts individually and often at the macro level, a crucial contribution of this study is that competitiveness and ethnicity (as opposed to national culture) are examined at a micro level. The authors demonstrate the combined importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (carrot and stick) in driving performance and introduce the new motivation, competitiveness and performance model which recognises that competitiveness, as a driver of performance, is moderated by the learners’ ethnicity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document