Label misrepresentation in seized anabolic steroids and performance-enhancing substances

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Shapira ◽  
A Poperno ◽  
M Arieli ◽  
R Berkovitz
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McDuff ◽  
Todd Stull ◽  
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
Mary E Hitchcock ◽  
Brian Hainline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

BackgroundSubstances from various classes may be used for recreational purposes, self-treatment or to boost performance. When substance use shifts from occasional to regular, heavy or hazardous use, positive and negative effects can develop that vary by substance class and athlete. Regular use of recreational or performance enhancing substances can lead to misuse, sanctions or use disorders.ObjectiveTo review the prevalence, patterns of use, risk factors, performance effects and types of intervention for all classes of recreational and performance enhancing substances in elite athletes by sport, ethnicity, country and gender.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies that compared the prevalence and patterns of substance use, misuse and use disorders in elite athletes with those of non-athletes and provided detailed demographic and sport variations in reasons for use, risk factors and performance effects for each main substance class.ResultsAlcohol, cannabis, tobacco (nicotine) and prescribed opioids and stimulants are the most commonly used substances in elite athletes, but generally used at lower rates than in non-athletes. In contrast, use/misuse rates for binge alcohol, oral tobacco, non-prescription opioids and anabolic-androgenic steroids are higher among athletes than non-athletes, especially in power and collision sports. Cannabis/cannabinoids seem to have replaced nicotine as the second most commonly used substance.ConclusionsSubstance use in elite athletes varies by country, ethnicity, gender, sport and competitive level. There are no studies on substance use disorder prevalence in elite male and female athletes and few studies with direct comparison groups.

Medical and Performance-Enhancing Effects of Anabolic Steroids

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Lombardo ◽  
R Trent Sickles
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing

scholarly journals Task Force 9: Drugs and performance-enhancing substances

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1368-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Mark Estes ◽  
Robert Kloner ◽  
Brian Olshansky ◽  
Renu Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

A Motivational Model of Performance-Enhancing Substance Use in Elite Athletes

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Donahue ◽  
Paule Miquelon ◽  
Pierre Valois ◽  
Claude Goulet ◽  
André Buist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Motivational Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Very little research has been done so far on the psychological determinants of performance-enhancing substance use in sports. The purpose of this study was to propose and test a motivational model of performance-enhancing substance use with elite athletes (N = 1,201). The model posits that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation toward sport predict, respectively, positive and negative sportspersonship orientations, which in turn negatively predict the use of performance-enhancing substances. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation toward sport, sportspersonship orientations, and performance-enhancing substance use in the last 12 months. Findings supported the motivational model. The present findings support the role of intrinsic motivation and sportspersonship orientations in preventing athletes from engaging in unethical behavior such as the use of performance-enhancing substances. Future research should seek to replicate this model with professional and Olympic athletes.

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