scholarly journals Vitrification of octonary perylene mixtures with ultralow fragility

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. eabi4659
Author(s):  
Sandra Hultmark ◽  
Alex Cravcenco ◽  
Khushbu Kushwaha ◽  
Suman Mallick ◽  
Paul Erhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Electronics ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Organic Glass ◽  
Inorganic Glass ◽  
Pharmaceutical Science ◽  
Liquid Transition ◽  
Perylene Derivatives ◽  
Three Components

Strong glass formers with a low fragility are highly sought-after because of the technological importance of vitrification. In the case of organic molecules and polymers, the lowest fragility values have been reported for single-component materials. Here, we establish that mixing of organic molecules can result in a marked reduction in fragility. Individual bay-substituted perylene derivatives display a high fragility of more than 70. Instead, slowly cooled perylene mixtures with more than three components undergo a liquid-liquid transition and turn into a strong glass former. Octonary perylene mixtures display a fragility of 13 ± 2, which not only is a record low value for organic molecules but also lies below values reported for the strongest known inorganic glass formers. Our work opens an avenue for the design of ultrastrong organic glass formers, which can be anticipated to find use in pharmaceutical science and organic electronics.

scholarly journals Polyamorphism Mirrors Polymorphism in the Liquid–Liquid Transition of a Molecular Liquid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finlay Walton ◽  
John Bolling ◽  
Andrew Farrell ◽  
Jamie MacEwen ◽  
Christopher Syme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Order Parameter ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Supercooled Liquids ◽  
Molecular Packing ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Triphenyl Phosphite ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Geometrically Frustrated ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Liquid Transition

Liquid-liquid transitions between two amorphous phases in a single-component liquid (polyamorphism) have defied explanation and courted controversy. All known examples of liquid–liquid transitions have been observed in the supercooled liquid suggesting an intimate connection with vitrification and locally favored structures inhibiting crystallization. However, there is precious little information about the local molecular packing in supercooled liquids meaning that the order parameter of the transition is still unknown. Here, we investigate the liquid–liquid transition in triphenyl phosphite and show that it is caused by the competition between liquid structures that mirror two crystal polymorphs. The liquid–liquid transition is found to be between a geometrically frustrated liquid to a dynamically frustrated glass. These results indicate a general link between polymorphism and polyamorphism and will lead to a much greater understanding of the physical basis of liquid–liquid transitions and allow the discovery of other examples.

Cooperativity of Albumin and Aggrexons A and B for ADP-Induced-Aggregation of Platelets

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1557-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Inada ◽  
Masahisa Okada ◽  
Yuji Saito ◽  
Hiroshi Okamoto ◽  
Ayako Matsushima
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Three Components

SummaryUsing extensively washed bovine platelets and a chemically defined medium instead of whole plasma, it was demonstrated that aggregation to a near normal extent was induced by ADP only in the presence of at least the following three components from plasma; albumin, Aggrexon A and Aggrexon B. These three proteins apparently acted cooperatively; the elimination of any one of the above mentioned plasma components from the system resulted in marked reduction of the aggregation.

scholarly journals Polyamorphism Mirrors Polymorphism in the Liquid–Liquid Transition of a Molecular Liquid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finlay Walton ◽  
John Bolling ◽  
Andrew Farrell ◽  
Jamie MacEwen ◽  
Christopher Syme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Order Parameter ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Supercooled Liquids ◽  
Molecular Packing ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Triphenyl Phosphite ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Geometrically Frustrated ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Liquid Transition

Liquid-liquid transitions between two amorphous phases in a single-component liquid (polyamorphism) have defied explanation and courted controversy. All known examples of liquid–liquid transitions have been observed in the supercooled liquid suggesting an intimate connection with vitrification and locally favored structures inhibiting crystallization. However, there is precious little information about the local molecular packing in supercooled liquids meaning that the order parameter of the transition is still unknown. Here, we investigate the liquid–liquid transition in triphenyl phosphite and show that it is caused by the competition between liquid structures that mirror two crystal polymorphs. The liquid–liquid transition is found to be between a geometrically frustrated liquid to a dynamically frustrated glass. These results indicate a general link between polymorphism and polyamorphism and will lead to a much greater understanding of the physical basis of liquid–liquid transitions and allow the discovery of other examples.

Solid–liquid transition of charge-stabilized colloidal dispersions: a single-component structure-function approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Liquid Transition ◽  
Screened Coulomb Potential ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Good Agreement

We have extended the Raveché–Mountain–Streett one-phasecriterion that governs the freezing of Lennard-Jones systems to a hard-core repulsive Yukawa-model (HCRYM) system. We find in the framework of the Rogers–Young (RY) approximation for an Ornstein–Zernike integral equation that an HCRYM fluid freezes when the ratio α = g(rmin)/g(rmax), where rmax is the distance corresponding to the maximum in the radial distribution function g(r) and rmin is the distance corresponding to the subsequent minimum in g(r), is approximately 0.215. To describe the freezing of charge-stabilized colloidal dispersions in electrolytes, which consist of colloidal macroions,electrolyte small ions, and solvent molecules, we employ the single-component model in which the colloidal particles interact through the effective screened Coulomb potential of Belloni. Whenthe macroion surface effective charge number is taken as an adjustable parameter, the theoretical freezing line predicted by the RY g(rmin)/g(rmax) = 0.215 Raveché–Mountain–Streett one-phase criterion is in very good agreement with the corresponding experimental data.PACS Nos.: 61.25.Em, 61.20.Gy

scholarly journals Cytochrome and intracellular oxidase

1930 ◽  
Vol 106 (746) ◽  
pp. 418-444 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Respiratory Enzymes ◽  
Component C ◽  
Respiratory Mechanism ◽  
Three Components

It was shown previously that intracellullar hæmatin compounds such as cytochrome or free hæmatin are very widely if not universally distributed in aerobic organisms and that the oxidation and reduction of cytochrome can be easily observed in intact living cells. It was also shown that in living cells oxidised cytochrome is reduced by organic molecules or metabolites activated by dehydrogenases, while the reduced cytochrome is rapidly oxidised by indophenol oxidase. Cytochrome acts in this case as a carrier between two kinds of respiratory enzymes of the cell: oxidases and dehydrogenases. This type of the respiratory mechanism of the cell is therefore composed of (1) dehydrogenases; (2) the organic molecules or metabolites; (3) the three components of cytochrome and the unbound haematin; (4) the indophenol oxidase; and (5) the molecular oxygen. The main object of this paper is a more detailed study of the functional relationship between the two components of this system: oxidase and cytochrome. For this purpose it was found important to reconstruct the oxidase-cytochrome portion of the system from its two components obtained separately from cells or tissues. Unfortunately the attempts to obtain an active oxidase preparation completely free from cytochrome have failed, and it was found impossible to extract all the three components of cytochrome from cells containing them. A great deal of information concerning the oxidase-cytochrome system can be obtained, however, by comparing the activity of the heart muscle oxidase preparation with the somewhat reduced concentration of cytochrome, with the activity of the same preparation to which is added a certain amount of component c of cytochrome extracted from yeast cells.

scholarly journals Highest-Tc Single-Component Homochiral Organic Ferroelectrics†

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei Li ◽  
Yong Ai ◽  
Yu-Ling Zeng ◽  
Jun-Chao Liu ◽  
Zhe-Kun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Organic Electronics ◽  
Single Component ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Organic Ferroelectrics

Organic single-component ferroelectrics with low molecular mass have drawn great attention for applications in organic electronics. However, the discovery of high-Tc single-component organic ferroelectrics has been very scarce. Herein, we...

scholarly journals Role of hydrodynamics in liquid–liquid transition of a single-component substance

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 4471-4479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyohei Takae ◽  
Hajime Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Liquid State ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Domain Growth ◽  
Liquid Transition ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Phase Ordering ◽  
Liquid States

Liquid–liquid transition (LLT) is an unconventional transition between two liquid states in a single-component system. This phenomenon has recently attracted considerable attention not only because of its counterintuitive nature but also since it is crucial for our fundamental understanding of the liquid state. However, its physical understanding has remained elusive, particularly of the critical dynamics and phase-ordering kinetics. So far, the hydrodynamic degree of freedom, which is the most intrinsic kinetic feature of liquids, has been neglected in its theoretical description. Here we develop a Ginzburg–Landau-type kinetic theory of LLT taking it into account, based on a two-order parameter model. We examine slow critical fluctuations of the nonconserved order parameter coupled to the hydrodynamic degree of freedom in equilibrium. We also study the nonequilibrium process of LLT. We show both analytically and numerically that domain growth becomes faster (slower), depending upon the density decrease (increase) upon the transition, as a consequence of hydrodynamic flow induced by the density change. The coupling between nonconserved order parameter and hydrodynamic interaction results in anomalous domain growth in both nucleation-growth–type and spinodal-decomposition–type LLT. Our study highlights the characteristic features of hydrodynamic fluctuations and phase ordering during LLT under complex interplay among conserved and nonconserved order parameters and the hydrodynamic transport intrinsic to the liquid state.

scholarly journals Polyamorphism Mirrors Polymorphism in the Liquid–Liquid Transition of a Molecular Liquid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finlay Walton ◽  
John Bolling ◽  
Andrew Farrell ◽  
Jamie MacEwen ◽  
Christopher Syme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Order Parameter ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Supercooled Liquids ◽  
Molecular Packing ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Triphenyl Phosphite ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Geometrically Frustrated ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Liquid Transition

Liquid-liquid transitions between two amorphous phases in a single-component liquid (polyamorphism) have defied explanation and courted controversy. All known examples of liquid–liquid transitions have been observed in the supercooled liquid suggesting an intimate connection with vitrification and locally favored structures inhibiting crystallization. However, there is precious little information about the local molecular packing in supercooled liquids meaning that the order parameter of the transition is still unknown. Here, we investigate the liquid–liquid transition in triphenyl phosphite and show that it is caused by the competition between liquid structures that mirror two crystal polymorphs. The liquid–liquid transition is found to be between a geometrically frustrated liquid to a dynamically frustrated glass. These results indicate a general link between polymorphism and polyamorphism and will lead to a much greater understanding of the physical basis of liquid–liquid transitions and allow the discovery of other examples.

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