scholarly journals High-Quality, Cost-Effective Strategy for Detection of Autoantibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri G. Phan ◽  
Watson W. S. Ng ◽  
Dana Bird ◽  
Kara Smithers ◽  
Vicky Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
Nuclear Antigens ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Meaningful Result ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses

ABSTRACT We evaluated methods for the detection of autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) to determine the strategy that yielded the most cost effective and clinically meaningful result. We prospectively compared counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) with and without serum prediffusion (SPD) and found that SPD significantly improved the quality of precipitation lines. This resulted in a decreased requirement for repeat testing and, consequently, was associated with a significant decrease in reagent costs and specimen turnaround time. We also retrospectively compared reactivity by CIEP, CIEP plus SPD, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and line immunoassay (LIA) of 52 serum samples that were previously determined to be positive for ENAs, and we correlated the results with clinical diagnoses. There was significant agreement among CIEP, CIEP plus SPD, ELISA, and LIA for the detection of anti-SS-A, anti-SS-B and anti-RNP. In general, CIEP, CIEP plus SPD, and LIA correlated better with the clinical diagnoses than ELISA, even though ELISA detected anti-ENAs more often than the other methods. CIEP plus SPD is therefore the most cost effective method for the identification of clinically meaningful ENAs. Based on our experience, we now screen for ENAs by CIEP, and positive samples are then typed by CIEP plus SPD. Samples that are difficult to interpret are then further assessed by an alternative method.

scholarly journals Computer-supported Detection of M-Components and Evaluation of Immunoglobulins after Capillary Electrophoresis

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Jonsson ◽  
Joyce Carlson ◽  
Jan-Olof Jeppsson ◽  
Per Simonsson
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Protein Separation ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Computerized Decision Support ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Mathematical Algorithms

Abstract Background: Electrophoresis of serum samples allows detection of monoclonal gammopathies indicative of multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and amyloidosis. Present methods of high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis (HRAGE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) are manual and labor-intensive. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) allows rapid automated protein separation and produces digital absorbance data, appropriate as input for a computerized decision support system. Methods: Using the Beckman Paragon CZE 2000 instrument, we analyzed 711 routine clinical samples, including 95 monoclonal components (MCs) and 9 cases of Bence Jones myeloma, in both the CZE and HRAGE systems. Mathematical algorithms developed for the detection of monoclonal immunoglobulins (MCs) in the γ- and β-regions of the electropherogram were tested on the entire material. Additional algorithms evaluating oligoclonality and polyclonal concentrations of immunoglobulins were also tested. Results: CZE electropherograms corresponded well with HRAGE. Only one IgG MC of 1 g/L, visible on HRAGE, was not visible after CZE. Algorithms detected 94 of 95 MCs (98.9%) and 100% of those visible after CZE. Of 607 samples lacking an MC on HRAGE, only 3 were identified by the algorithms (specificity, 99%). Algorithms evaluating total gammaglobulinemia and oligoclonality also identified several cases of Bence Jones myeloma. Conclusions: The use of capillary electrophoresis provides a modern, rapid, and cost-effective method of analyzing serum proteins. The additional option of computerized decision support, which provides rapid and standardized interpretations, should increase the clinical availability and usefulness of protein analyses in the future.

scholarly journals A Prospectus for Inclusion: Project study for a potential education solution for Syria’s Persons with Disability (PwDs)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar AlMustafa ◽  
Ahmad Alashkar
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Project Study ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Access And Quality

The article proposes an innovative solution to the problems in the access and quality of STEM concepts education to Persons Living with Disability (PwD) in Syria. A project management-based approach is detailed below for a cost-effective method to be implemented by non-governmental organizations or public agencies.

PAH RIS® Soil Test—A Rapid, On-Site Screening Test for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia P McDonald ◽  
Richard E Almond ◽  
James P Mapes ◽  
Stephen B Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Test Kit

Abstract Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals of concern when they contaminate the environment. Current detection methods (gas chromatography and liquid chromatography) are laborious, time consuming, and expensive. As an alternative, we developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit that can be used on site for the detection of PAHs at 1 ppm in soil. The immunoassay kit includes all the components necessary to conduct the analysis in the field. The test consists of 3 major steps: (1) sample treatment; (2) immunoassay, in which the target compound is bound by a specific antibody followed by the development of an indicator color; and (3) interpretation of results. A sample that develops less color than the standard is interpreted as positive (soil sample contaminated with PAHs at ≥1 ppm). Validation studies demonstrated that the assay is sensitive and specific. The assay detects PAH contamination in soil at 1 ppm or greater and specifically detects the 3- and 4-ringed aromatics and most of the 5-and 6-ringed aromatics. PAH-free soil samples gave negative results in the assay at a confidence level of >95%. Matrix effects, interperson, and interlot variations were minimal. The test requires <25 min to complete. The test kit is field compatible and provides a cost effective method for screening soils at risk for PAH contamination.

Measuring the Equivalent Series Resistance of the Low Impedance Electrolytic Capacitors in Pulsed Current State

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Xu Fei Wang ◽  
Kai Xie ◽  
Teng Li ◽  
Zhong Qun Li ◽  
Rong Bin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Series Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Pulsed Current ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Circuit Implementation ◽  
Electrolytic Capacitors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cost Effective Method

A cost-effective method for quickly evaluating the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of electrolytic capacitors is proposed. This approach has the ability to measure the low ESR of milliohms level, meanwhile provide the pulsed testing current up to hundreds of amperes. Therefore, this method is suitable for fast inspecting the quality of bulk capacitors. The operational principle, circuit implementation and the calibration method are presented, and the performances of the prototype are tested, which validate the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals Gerybinių stemplės anastomozės striktūrų gydymas

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Stratilovas ◽  
Egidijus Sangaila
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Esophageal Surgery ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Simple Mode ◽  
Key Words Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Benign Stenosis

Eugenijus Stratilovas,  Egidijus SangailaVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto Bendrosios ir abdominalinės chirurgijosir onkologijos skyrius, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas Viena iš dažniausiai pasitaikančių vėlyvųjų komplikacijų po stemplės rezekcinio pobūdžio operacijų yra gerybinė anastomozės striktūra. Dėl striktūros išsivysčiusi disfagija ilgam pablogina ligonio gyvenimo kokybę. Pagrindiniai šios komplikacijos gydymo metodai išlieka dažnos endoskopijos, dilatacijos bužais sukėlus nejautrą. Autoriai siūlo taikyti gana paprastą šių striktūrų gydymo metodą – dilataciją Folley kateteriu. Rezultatai Šiuo būdu gydyti keturi pacientai. Visi procedūrą pakėlė gerai, gydymo komplikacijų nebuvo. Po dviejų procedūrų rijimas tapo normalus, toliau procedūros tęstos ambulatoriškai, praėjus 3 mėn. rijimas išliko normalus. Išvada Anastomozės striktūros dilatacija Folley kateteriu yra saugus, veiksmingas ir pigus metodas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: stemplės vėžys, anastomozės striktūra, dilatacija The treatment of the benign esophagus anastomosis strictures Eugenijus Stratilovas,  Egidijus SangailaVilnius University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Generaland Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, Santariškių str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background One of the most frequent late complications after the resectable type of esophageal surgery is benign anastomosis stricture. The subsequent dysphagia worsens the patients’ quality of life for a long time. The main treatment modalities for this complication remain frequent endoscopy, dilatation using weighted bougies under anesthesia. Authors recommend use a simple mode of treatment – dilatation with the Folley catheter. Results Four patients underwent the treatment. All patients felt well, there were no treatment complications. Swallowing after two procedures became normal, the treatment was continued in outpatient clinic; after three months the swallowing was good. Conclusions Dilatation of a stricture with the Folley catheter is a safe and cost-effective method. Key words: esophageal cancer, anastomosis benign stenosis, dilatation

scholarly journals Understanding the Cost-Effectiveness of Hearing Aids and Surgery for the Treatment of Otosclerosis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Gillard ◽  
Jeffrey D. Sharon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stapes Surgery ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Complications Of Surgery ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Purpose of Review To summarize and critically review recent literature on the relative cost-effectiveness of hearing augmentation versus stapes surgery for the treatment of otosclerosis. Recent Findings Otosclerosis leads to reduced patient quality of life, which can be ameliorated by either stapes surgery, or hearing aid usage. The success of stapes surgery is high, and the risks of serious postoperative complications are low. Hearing aids don’t have the complications of surgery but are associated with long-term costs. Cost-effectiveness models have shown that stapes surgery is a cost-effective method for treating otosclerosis. Summary Both stapes surgery and hearing aids can improve patient-reported quality of life in otosclerosis. Stapes surgery has larger upfront costs and surgical risks, but hearing aids are associated with longer lifetime costs. Stapes surgery is cost-effective for the treatment of otosclerosis.

Frequencies and results of anti-nuclear, anti-dsDNA and anti-ENA in a tertiary-care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fatima Husain Kanani ◽  
Tahir Hussain ◽  
Tayyaba Talat ◽  
Nida Ghouri ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physician Education ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Nuclear Antigens ◽  
Acid Test

Abstract Objectives: To analyse frequencies and results of anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and anti-extractable nuclear antigens tests ordered in a tertiary-care hospital. Method: The retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, and comprised all tests ordered for anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and anti-extractable nuclear antigens from March 2017 to January 2018. Data was retrieved from the institutional electronic database. The frequencies and results of the tests were determined. Anti-nuclear antibodies test was determined by indirect immunofluorescence, while the other two tests were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patterns emerging from anti-nuclear antibodies tests were also analysed. Results: Of the 1053 tests ordered, 1000(95%) were for anti-nuclear antibodies.. It was positive in 260(26%) patients, and was repeated in 8(3%) of the positive and 9(1.2%) of the negative patients. Anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid test was ordered in 300(40.5%) and anti-extractable nuclear antigens test in 125(17%) patients who had tested negative for anti-nuclear antibodies. Among those who tested positive for anti-nuclear antibodies, the commonly observed patterns were homogenous 109(41.9%) and speckled 103(39.6%). Rod and ring pattern was seen in 10(3.8%) patients, and none of them was on anti-viral treatment. Conclusion: There was injudicious and unjustified ordering of auto-antibodies testing, indicating the need for greater physician education and cost-effective protocols. Key Words: Auto-antibodies, Homogenous, Speckled, Rod and ring pattern, Hepatitis C,  Continuous...

scholarly journals Development of a flow cytometric bead immunoassay and its assessment as a possible aid to potency evaluation of enterotoxaemia vaccines

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Buys ◽  
Raynard Macdonald ◽  
Jannie Crafford ◽  
Jacques Theron
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Type D ◽  
Epsilon Toxin ◽  
Bead Immunoassay

Enterotoxaemia, an economically important disease of sheep, goats and calves, is caused by systemic effects of the epsilon toxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens type D. The only practical means of controlling the occurrence of enterotoxaemia is to immunise animals by vaccination. The vaccine is prepared by deriving a toxoid from the bacterial culture filtrate and the potency of the vaccine is tested with the in vivo mouse neutralisation test (MNT). Due to ethical, economic and technical reasons, alternative in vitro assays are needed. In this study an indirect cytometric bead immunoassay (I-CBA) was developed for use in vaccine potency testing and the results were compared with those obtained using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) and the MNT. Sera were collected from guinea pigs immunised with three different production batches of enterotoxaemia vaccine and the levels of anti-epsilon toxin antibodies were determined. Although the intra- and inter-assay variability was satisfactory, epsilon antitoxin levels determined by both the I-ELISA and indirect cytometric bead immunoassay (I-CBA) tests were higher than those of the MNT assay. In contrast to the MNT, all of the serum samples were identified as having antitoxin levels above the required minimum (not less than 5 U/mL). These results indicate that the respective in vitro tests in their current formats are not yet suitable alternatives to the in vivo MNT. The growing demand for a more humane, cost-effective and efficient method for testing the potency of enterotoxaemia vaccines, however, provides a strong impetus for further optimisation and standardisation of the I-CBA assay but further analytical research is required.

scholarly journals Development and Application of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Antibodies against Prevalent Salmonella Serovars in Swine in Southern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalusa Deon Kich ◽  
Patrícia Schwarz ◽  
Luis Eduardo Silva ◽  
Arlei Coldebella ◽  
Itamar Antônio Piffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Swine Herds

The implementation of Salmonella control programs in the pork production chain demands rapid and cost-effective methods to assess the prevalence of infection in pig herds. The objective of the present study was to develop an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on S. Typhimurium lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to measure the prevalence of infection caused by Salmonella in swine herds. Coating antigen was produced by phenol extraction of S. Typhimurium culture. After standardization of ELISA test conditions, the assay was validated by testing serum samples on different animal categories: pigs orally inoculated with S. Typhimurium and sentinel animals in contact with them, naturally infected animals, colostrum-deprived piglets, and bacterin-immunized pigs. Seroconversion was observed in inoculated pigs (7 days postinfection [DPI]) and in the sentinels (21 DPI). Nonspecific reactions were not detected in the sera of colostrum-deprived animals. Serum samples from animals immunized with Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Panama, and Salmonella Bredeney bacterins showed marked cross-reaction with the LPS from the serovar Typhimurium. Moreover, positive results obtained with the in-house ELISA were associated with Salmonella isolation in 75 infected pig herds. Comparisons with 2 commercial kits showed a linear correlation coefficient of 0.847 between the in-house ELISA and kit A and 0.922 with kit B but a low agreement in the qualitative results. In conclusion, the newly developed in-house ELISA based on S. Typhimurium LPS can be a useful tool to determine the intensity of Salmonella sp. infection in swine herds.

scholarly journals Sensitive and Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Serum Antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Fallow Deer

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Prieto ◽  
Ana Balseiro ◽  
Rosa Casais ◽  
Naiara Abendaño ◽  
Liam E. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

ABSTRACTThe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the diagnostic test most commonly used in efforts to control paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants. However, commercial ELISAs have not been validated for detecting antibodies againstMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin wild animals. In this study, we compared the sensitivities and specificities of five ELISAs using individual serum samples collected from 41 fallow deer with or without histopathological lesions consistent with paratuberculosis. Two target antigenic preparations were selected, an ethanol-treated protoplasmic preparation obtained from a fallow deerM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisisolate (ELISAs A and B) and a paratuberculosis protoplasmic antigen (PPA3) (ELISAs C and D). Fallow deer antibodies bound to the immobilized antigens were detected by using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-fallow deer IgG antibody (ELISAs A and C) or HRP-conjugated protein G (ELISAs B and D). A commercially available assay, ELISA-E, which was designed to detectM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisantibodies in cattle, sheep, and goats, was also tested. Although ELISAs A, C, and E had the same sensitivity (72%), ELISAs A and C were more specific (100%) for detecting fallow deer with lesions consistent with paratuberculosis at necropsy than was the ELISA-E (87.5%). In addition, the ELISA-A was particularly sensitive for detecting fallow deer in the latent stages of infection (62.5%). The antibody responses detected with the ELISA-A correlated with both the severity of enteric lesions and the presence of acid-fast bacteria in gut tissue samples. In summary, our study shows that the ELISA-A can be a cost-effective diagnostic tool for preventing the spread of paratuberculosis among fallow deer populations.

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