scholarly journals Depolymerization of β-1,6-N-Acetyl-d-Glucosamine Disrupts the Integrity of Diverse Bacterial Biofilms

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikane Itoh ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
B. Joseph Hinnebusch ◽  
James F. Preston ◽  
Tony Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Polymeric β-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (poly-β-1,6-GlcNAc) has been implicated as an Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm adhesin, the formation of which requires the pgaABCD and icaABCD loci, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly-β-1,6-GlcNAc, demonstrated for the first time by chromatography and mass spectrometry, disrupts biofilm formation by these species and by Yersinia pestis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, which possess pgaABCD homologues.

scholarly journals Transporters and Efflux Pumps Are the Main Mechanisms Involved in Staphylococcus epidermidis Adaptation and Tolerance to Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Ribič ◽  
Jernej Jakše ◽  
Nataša Toplak ◽  
Simon Koren ◽  
Minka Kovač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Multidrug Transporter ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
First Time

Staphylococcus epidermidis cleanroom strains are often exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants, including didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC). Consequently, they can adapt or even become tolerant to them. RNA-sequencing was used to investigate adaptation and tolerance mechanisms of S. epidermidis cleanroom strains (SE11, SE18), with S. epidermidis SE11Ad adapted and S. epidermidis SE18To tolerant to DDAC. Adaptation to DDAC was identified with up-regulation of genes mainly involved in transport (thioredoxin reductase [pstS], the arsenic efflux pump [gene ID, SE0334], sugar phosphate antiporter [uhpT]), while down-regulation was seen for the Agr system (agrA, arC, agrD, psm, SE1543), for enhanced biofilm formation. Tolerance to DDAC revealed the up-regulation of genes associated with transporters (L-cysteine transport [tcyB]; uracil permease [SE0875]; multidrug transporter [lmrP]; arsenic efflux pump [arsB]); the down-regulation of genes involved in amino-acid biosynthesis (lysine [dapE]; histidine [hisA]; methionine [metC]), and an enzyme involved in peptidoglycan, and therefore cell wall modifications (alanine racemase [SE1079]). We show for the first time the differentially expressed genes in DDAC-adapted and DDAC-tolerant S. epidermidis strains, which highlight the complexity of the responses through the involvement of different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Periodicity of Cell Attachment Patterns during Escherichia coli Biofilm Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (18) ◽  
pp. 5632-5638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Agladze ◽  
Debra Jackson ◽  
Tony Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Complex Architecture ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Laminar Flow Conditions

ABSTRACT The complex architecture of bacterial biofilms inevitably raises the question of their design. Microstructure of developing Escherichia coli biofilms was analyzed under static and laminar flow conditions. Cell attachment during early biofilm formation exhibited periodic density patterns that persisted during development. Several models for the origination of biofilm microstructure are considered, including an activator-inhibitor or Turing model.

scholarly journals Laser desorption 7.87 eV postionization mass spectrometry of antibiotics in Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial biofilms

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 3816-3821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Gasper ◽  
Ross Carlson ◽  
Artem Akhmetov ◽  
Jerry F. Moore ◽  
Luke Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms

Bioconversion of Rapeseed Straw: Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Whole Slurry and Cofermentation by an Ethanologenic Escherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 9532-9539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos López-Linares ◽  
Inmaculada Romero ◽  
Cristóbal Cara ◽  
Eulogio Castro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Rapeseed Straw ◽  
Ethanologenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Whole Slurry ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Carotenoid Fatty Acid Esters of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by a Lipase from Candida rugosa

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 971-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Ernst Breithaupt
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Enzymatic Cleavage ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acid Esters

Analyses of red pepper extracts which had been pretreated with lipase type VII (EC 3.1.1.3.) from Candida rugosa showed for the first time pepper carotenoid esters to be substrates of this enzyme. However, the extent of enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the respective carotenoid and was not quantitative compared to chemical saponification. After enzymatic cleavage, 67-89% of total capsanthin, 61-65% of total zeaxanthin, 70-81% of total β-cryptoxanthin and 70-86% of total violaxanthin were detected in free form. Nevertheless, the method described here offers the possibility to cleave in part several carotenoid esters originating from red pepper quickly and under comparatively mild reaction conditions. Replacement of the generally performed alkaline hydrolysis by enzymatic cleavage allows the resulting product to be used in food industry as “natural” coloring agent e.g. to colour cheese and jellies.

scholarly journals Aryl Rhodanines Specifically Inhibit Staphylococcal and Enterococcal Biofilm Formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 4357-4367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Opperman ◽  
Steven M. Kwasny ◽  
John D. Williams ◽  
Atiyya R. Khan ◽  
Norton P. Peet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Artificial Surfaces ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are the leading causative agents of indwelling medical device infections because of their ability to form biofilms on artificial surfaces. Here we describe the antibiofilm activity of a class of small molecules, the aryl rhodanines, which specifically inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, and E. gallinarum but not the gram-negative species Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli. The aryl rhodanines do not exhibit antibacterial activity against any of the bacterial strains tested and are not cytotoxic against HeLa cells. Preliminary mechanism-of-action studies revealed that the aryl rhodanines specifically inhibit the early stages of biofilm development by preventing attachment of the bacteria to surfaces.

scholarly journals Abolition of Biofilm Formation in Urinary Tract Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Isolates by Metal Interference through Competition for Fur

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3836-3841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Hancock ◽  
Malin Dahl ◽  
Per Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microtiter Plates

ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilms are associated with a large number of persistent and chronic infections. Biofilm-dwelling bacteria are particularly resistant to antibiotics and immune defenses, which makes it hard if not impossible to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. In the urinary tract, free iron is strictly limited but is critical for bacterial growth. Biofilm-associated Escherichia coli cells are particularly desperate for iron. An attractive way of inhibiting biofilm formation is to fool the bacterial regulatory system for iron uptake. Here, we demonstrate that biofilm formation can be impaired by the addition of divalent metal ions, such as Zn(II) and Co(II), which inhibit iron uptake by virtue of their higher-than-iron affinity for the master controller protein of iron uptake, Fur. Reduced biofilm formation of urinary tract-infectious E. coli strains in the presence of Zn(II) was observed in microtiter plates and flow chambers as well as on urinary catheters. These results further support that iron uptake is indeed crucial for biofilm formation, and thereby, targeting these uptake systems might be an effective way to eradicate biofilms caused by infectious strains.

An Ultraviolet (242 nm Excitation) Resonance Raman Study of Live Bacteria and Bacterial Components

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dalterio ◽  
W. H. Nelson ◽  
D. Britt ◽  
J. F. Sperry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Live Bacteria ◽  
Raman Study ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectra ◽  
First Time

Ultraviolet-excited (242 nm) resonance Raman spectra have been obtained for the first time for five types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterobacter cloacae. Detailed, highly reproducible spectra show substantial differences in both the intensities and the energies of peaks, which suggests that such spectra provide unique “fingerprints” reflecting the unique combinations of chemotaxonomic markers present in each type of organism. Many of the spectral features excited by 242-nm radiation probably arise from cellular RNA, DNA, and the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Background fluorescence has been shown to be negligible.

Improvements on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Human Hair for Illicit Drug Determination by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (22) ◽  
pp. 8564-8570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Míguez-Framil ◽  
Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro ◽  
Pilar Bermejo-Barrera ◽  
Patricia López ◽  
María Jesús Tabernero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drug Determination ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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