A novel algorithm for software defined networks model to enhance the quality of services and scalability in wireless network

Software defined networks (SDN) have replaced the traditional network architecture by separating the control from forwarding planes. SDN technology utilizes computer resources to provide worldwide effective service than the aggregation of single internet resources usage. Breakdown while resource allocation is a major concern in cloud computing due to the diverse and highly complex architecture of resources. These resources breakdowns cause delays in job completion and have a negative influence on attaining quality of service (QoS). In order to promote error-free task scheduling, this study represents a promising fault-tolerance scheduling technique. For optimum QoS, the suggested restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) approach takes into account the most important characteristics like current consumption of the resources and rate of failure. The proposed approach's efficiency is verified using the MATLAB toolbox by employing widely used measures such as resource consumption, average processing time, throughput and rate of success.

Investigation of UV Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Water Electrolyte: A New Insight for Wavelength-Selective Greenhouse

The optimization of the photoactive electrode based on TiO2 with a complex architecture for UV dyes along with water-based electrolyte has successfully allowed us (i) to obtain a photovoltaic efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell with 1.45 times higher than the best efficiency reported for synthetic dye and 3 times for curcumin dye so far; (ii) transparency on the entire Photosynthetic Active Radiation domain; (iii) preserving high efficiency for lighting 1 sun (summer) and shading, especially for 60 mW/cm2, which represents the maximum illumination in the rest of the seasons. Our water-based dye-sensitized solar cells loaded with synthetic and natural UV dyes have revealed that the implementation of a dye-sensitized solar cell in autonomous greenhouses is a viable and inexpensive concept.

Single Circuit in V1 Capable of Switching Contexts during Movement Using an Inhibitory Population as a Switch

As animals adapt to their environments, their brains are tasked with processing stimuli in different sensory contexts. Whether these computations are context dependent or independent, they are all implemented in the same neural tissue. A crucial question is what neural architectures can respond flexibly to a range of stimulus conditions and switch between them. This is a particular case of flexible architecture that permits multiple related computations within a single circuit. Here, we address this question in the specific case of the visual system circuitry, focusing on context integration, defined as the integration of feedforward and surround information across visual space. We show that a biologically inspired microcircuit with multiple inhibitory cell types can switch between visual processing of the static context and the moving context. In our model, the VIP population acts as the switch and modulates the visual circuit through a disinhibitory motif. Moreover, the VIP population is efficient, requiring only a relatively small number of neurons to switch contexts. This circuit eliminates noise in videos by using appropriate lateral connections for contextual spatiotemporal surround modulation, having superior denoising performance compared to circuits where only one context is learned. Our findings shed light on a minimally complex architecture that is capable of switching between two naturalistic contexts using few switching units.

How could a work of architecture that is designed to evoke a Bilbao effect be designed sustainably and in accordance with Vitruvius’s principle?

<p>The economy of a region could potentially be enhanced if numerous travelers were attracted by the architecture, and it couldalso lead to improving the economy of the nation. This thesis considers three primary aspects which are Vitruvius’s principleand the relationship to “form follows function”, the sustainable design, and the Bilbao effect. Furthermore, Vitruvius’s principle has consisted of “the strength”, “the utility”, and “the beauty”, historically. In this thesis, the proposed building which is thecombination of museum, concert hall and accommodation is to fulfill those three primary aspects. However, many problemscould currently be identified in architecture. For instance, there has been fuzzy understanding of what architecture meansauthentically. In addition, while some complex architecture exists in the world, there are many different approaches to designit. As the methodology of this thesis-project, the concept which is to affect the proposed architecture will be determined. Inthis case, the meanings of the proposed site will be discovered. Subsequently, the experimentation of architectural forms willbe conducted with integrating the meanings into the forms. The forms created manually will be digitized by the software andthe plug-in, Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. Subsequent to the finalization of the architectural form, the environmental andbuilding-performance simulations will be executed by the other plug-ins, Honeybee and Ladybug. Besides the literature andprecedent review, the sustainable strategies will be specified, being based on the result of the simulations. Then, the architectural form will be customized with the necessary building components in order to become functional architecture as the developed design. As a result, the architecture which could potentially invoke a Bilbao effect with the sustainability and Vitruvius’s principle will be designed in this thesis. In the future, complex architecture which resembles Guggenheim MuseumBilbao will be able to be designed less difficultly, with integrating the sustainable aspect and the authentic architectural style.</p>

How could a work of architecture that is designed to evoke a Bilbao effect be designed sustainably and in accordance with Vitruvius’s principle?

<p>The economy of a region could potentially be enhanced if numerous travelers were attracted by the architecture, and it couldalso lead to improving the economy of the nation. This thesis considers three primary aspects which are Vitruvius’s principleand the relationship to “form follows function”, the sustainable design, and the Bilbao effect. Furthermore, Vitruvius’s principle has consisted of “the strength”, “the utility”, and “the beauty”, historically. In this thesis, the proposed building which is thecombination of museum, concert hall and accommodation is to fulfill those three primary aspects. However, many problemscould currently be identified in architecture. For instance, there has been fuzzy understanding of what architecture meansauthentically. In addition, while some complex architecture exists in the world, there are many different approaches to designit. As the methodology of this thesis-project, the concept which is to affect the proposed architecture will be determined. Inthis case, the meanings of the proposed site will be discovered. Subsequently, the experimentation of architectural forms willbe conducted with integrating the meanings into the forms. The forms created manually will be digitized by the software andthe plug-in, Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. Subsequent to the finalization of the architectural form, the environmental andbuilding-performance simulations will be executed by the other plug-ins, Honeybee and Ladybug. Besides the literature andprecedent review, the sustainable strategies will be specified, being based on the result of the simulations. Then, the architectural form will be customized with the necessary building components in order to become functional architecture as the developed design. As a result, the architecture which could potentially invoke a Bilbao effect with the sustainability and Vitruvius’s principle will be designed in this thesis. In the future, complex architecture which resembles Guggenheim MuseumBilbao will be able to be designed less difficultly, with integrating the sustainable aspect and the authentic architectural style.</p>

Study of the horizontal sidetracking efficiency using hydrodynamic modeling (on the example of a Kazakhstani field)

One of the modern approaches for the effective development of small deposits is the construction and operation of wells with a complex architecture: horizontal wells (HW), sidetracks (BS, BGS), multilateral wells (MLW). Sidetracking makes it possible to reanimate an old well that is in an emergency state or inactivity for technological reasons, by opening layers that have not been previously developed, bypassing contamination zones, or watering the formation. This study examines the possibility of using horizontal sidetracks in the operating wells of the field of the Zhetybai group. To select the optimal length of the horizontal sidetrack of the wells, graphs of the dependences of the change in flow rate versus length of the horizontal well were built, taking into account the pressure losses due to friction. It can be seen from the dependence of NPV versus length of the horizontal wellbore that the maximum NPV is achieved with a horizontal wellbore length of 100 m. A further increase in the length of the horizontal wellbore leads to a decrease in NPV. This is due, firstly, to a decrease in oil prices, and secondly, interference of wells, a small number of residual reserves, and a small oil-bearing area. As a result of a comparison of technical and economic criteria, the optimal length of a horizontal wellbore is from 100-300 meters. Comparison of the flow rates of vertical wells and wells with horizontal sidetracks showed a clear advantage over the latter in all respects.

The geological framework for Hvideklint, south-east Denmark, using glaciodynamic sequence stratigraphy

Glaciodynamic sequence stratigraphy provides a practical model for grouping and classifying complex geological data to aid interpretation of past climatic and environmental development in Quaternary successions. The principles of glaciodynamic sequence stratigraphy are applied here to summarise the complex glacial geological framework of Hvideklint on the island of Møn, south-east Denmark. The framework of the superimposed deformed Hvideklint is presented in a reconstructed geological cross-section of Hvideklint. For the construction of the architecture of the glaciotectonic complex, the interpretation of structures below sea level was based on a detailed new survey of the cliff section combined with construction of successive approximation balanced cross-sections. The new description is supported by drill hole data from the Jupiter database. Where chalk is not glaciotectonically deformed, the constructed depth to the top-chalk-surface is generally located about 30 m below sea level. In Hvideklint, thrust sheets with chalk are exposed 20 m above sea level, and the balanced cross-section constructions indicate that the décollement surface for a Hvideklint glaciotectonic complex is located about 80 m below sea level. Between the décollement level and the top of the complex, two or more thrust-fault flat-levels and connecting ramps add to the complex architecture of Hvideklint.

The Complex Architecture of Plant Cuticles and Its Relation to Multiple Biological Functions

Terrestrialization of vascular plants, i.e., Angiosperm, is associated with the development of cuticular barriers that prevent biotic and abiotic stresses and support plant growth and development. To fulfill these multiple functions, cuticles have developed a unique supramolecular and dynamic assembly of molecules and macromolecules. Plant cuticles are not only an assembly of lipid compounds, i.e., waxes and cutin polyester, as generally presented in the literature, but also of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, each fulfilling a role dependent on the presence of the others. This mini-review is focused on recent developments and hypotheses on cuticle architecture–function relationships through the prism of non-lipid components, i.e., cuticle-embedded polysaccharides and polyester-bound phenolics.

Architecture of a nanocrystalline biomineralised shell

<p>Marginopora sp. is an eukaryotic large benthic foraminifera that biomineralises a high magnesium calcitic test (shell) in which dinoflagellate symbionts are stored. The discoidal test has a complex architecture; a very large cellular organism expends considerable energy to assemble and maintain a complex shell. What does the organism realise from this architecture? What are the elemental features of the architecture? Researchers have studied the test’s microstructures and chemical composition; its functional value has been suggested but an endeavour to pinpoint any particular value can be extremely complicated in a biological structure, i.e. an intractable problem is presented. Form is related to and often determines the adaptive functional value of biological structures; an enhanced understanding of form precedes and informs an understanding of function. This work increases an understanding of the form and functional value of the complex architecture of the test. Particularly, it adds to existing knowledge by: extending to a nanoscale a detailed characterization of the microstructures of the test, revealing calcium carbonate nanostructures and their associations to form crystals; conceptualising and applying a hierarchical arrangement of the microstructures across nano-macro dimensions of scale; visualising in three dimensions (3D) the microstructures of the test through ontogeny to reveal anisotropy and symmetry in the morphology of microstructures and in the test; and discovering and interpreting structural patterns that were previously not visible. Based upon these findings, the architecture and microstructures of the test; properties of biomineralised structures such as bone and echinoderm skeletons; structural arrangement of adequate models; and predominantly the mechanical adaptive value of the test are correlated. This thesis advances ideas and suggestions for research, design and practical applications of the structural principles abstracted from these findings and interpretations towards a biomimetic design of structures and processes. A combination of advanced microscopy techniques at higher resolutions and magnifications than previously used in the research of the test were used to evaluate pristine specimens of the test of Marginopora sp. Data and images obtained by the use of high resolution and cryo-scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, polarising microscopy and, X-ray micro computed tomography (X-ray MCT) of several specimens representing different ontogenic stages were analysed. Especially, the applicability of X-ray MCT as a technique was tested for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 3D features of the test. Visualisation and statistical techniques used in network analysis were applied to the data obtained by X-ray MCT. A materials sciences approach was adopted towards interpreting the nano-macro scale structural features of the test. In lieu of a protracted and difficult experimental approach a method used in the field of artificial intelligence was adopted to find models that could adequately point to the adaptive value of the architecture of the test. Results obtained using this approach indicated that the adaptive values are self-assembly in a phyllotactic pattern that allows an effective mechanical flexural response using a minimum of materials; close-packing of a particular pore volume; and that enables large surface areas and transmission of light through a 3D biconcave disc.</p>

Architecture of a nanocrystalline biomineralised shell

<p>Marginopora sp. is an eukaryotic large benthic foraminifera that biomineralises a high magnesium calcitic test (shell) in which dinoflagellate symbionts are stored. The discoidal test has a complex architecture; a very large cellular organism expends considerable energy to assemble and maintain a complex shell. What does the organism realise from this architecture? What are the elemental features of the architecture? Researchers have studied the test’s microstructures and chemical composition; its functional value has been suggested but an endeavour to pinpoint any particular value can be extremely complicated in a biological structure, i.e. an intractable problem is presented. Form is related to and often determines the adaptive functional value of biological structures; an enhanced understanding of form precedes and informs an understanding of function. This work increases an understanding of the form and functional value of the complex architecture of the test. Particularly, it adds to existing knowledge by: extending to a nanoscale a detailed characterization of the microstructures of the test, revealing calcium carbonate nanostructures and their associations to form crystals; conceptualising and applying a hierarchical arrangement of the microstructures across nano-macro dimensions of scale; visualising in three dimensions (3D) the microstructures of the test through ontogeny to reveal anisotropy and symmetry in the morphology of microstructures and in the test; and discovering and interpreting structural patterns that were previously not visible. Based upon these findings, the architecture and microstructures of the test; properties of biomineralised structures such as bone and echinoderm skeletons; structural arrangement of adequate models; and predominantly the mechanical adaptive value of the test are correlated. This thesis advances ideas and suggestions for research, design and practical applications of the structural principles abstracted from these findings and interpretations towards a biomimetic design of structures and processes. A combination of advanced microscopy techniques at higher resolutions and magnifications than previously used in the research of the test were used to evaluate pristine specimens of the test of Marginopora sp. Data and images obtained by the use of high resolution and cryo-scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, polarising microscopy and, X-ray micro computed tomography (X-ray MCT) of several specimens representing different ontogenic stages were analysed. Especially, the applicability of X-ray MCT as a technique was tested for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 3D features of the test. Visualisation and statistical techniques used in network analysis were applied to the data obtained by X-ray MCT. A materials sciences approach was adopted towards interpreting the nano-macro scale structural features of the test. In lieu of a protracted and difficult experimental approach a method used in the field of artificial intelligence was adopted to find models that could adequately point to the adaptive value of the architecture of the test. Results obtained using this approach indicated that the adaptive values are self-assembly in a phyllotactic pattern that allows an effective mechanical flexural response using a minimum of materials; close-packing of a particular pore volume; and that enables large surface areas and transmission of light through a 3D biconcave disc.</p>