scholarly journals Increased Prevalence of Class I Integrons in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Species, and Enterobacter Species Isolates over a 7-Year Period in a German University Hospital

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 3724-3726 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-J. Schmitz ◽  
D. Hafner ◽  
R. Geisel ◽  
P. Follmann ◽  
C. Kirschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Class I ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Enterobacter Species ◽  
Class I Integrons

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Streptomycetes with Potential to Decompose Organic Compounds During Bioremediation of Arable Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekenwosu Joseph Ugochukwu ◽  
Peter Ugochukwu Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Enterobacter Species

The study has an objective of isolating and characterizing suspected Streptomycetes with the potential to decompose organic compounds in arable soil. The isolates were grown on a culture media and a total of 61 slopes were inoculated and labeled using the following characterization tests: catalase test, gram staining, oxidase test, motility test, and oxidative-fermentative test. After characterization tests, data generated in the laboratory were analyzed and the study showed that isolates A2 (c, e), B2 (c), C1 (b), C2 (a), D1 (e) and D2 (d) were suspected to be Streptomycetes species. Isolates D1 (d) and D2 (b) were suspected to be Escherichia coli while isolates A1 (a), B2 (a, b) and D1 (a) were suspected to be Bacillus species. Isolates A1 (b), C1 (a), D1 (c), D2 (e) were suspected to be Pseudomonas species. Further identification showed that isolates A2 (d) and B1 (b) could be Enterobacter species while isolates A2 (a, b) were suspected to be Klebsiella species. The study tentatively identified Streptomycetes species; Escherichia coli; Bacillus species; Enterobacter species; Pseudomonas species and Klebsiella species. The suspected Streptomycetes identified were considered as potential organic matter decomposers in arable soil.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Northeast Georgia, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyun Cho ◽  
Hoang Anh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Jacob M. McDonald ◽  
Tiffanie A. Woodley ◽  
Lari M. Hiott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Class I ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Class I Integrons

In order to determine the role of surface water in the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria, water samples were collected quarterly from 2015 to 2016 from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia. In our previous study, 496 Escherichia coli were isolated from surface water, out of which, 34 isolates were resistant to antimicrobials. For the current study, these 34 AR E. coli were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, AR gene detection, plasmid replicon typing, class I integron detection, and multi-locus sequence typing. Genes were identified as conferring resistance to azithromycin (mph(A)); β-lactams (blaCMY, blaCTX, blaTEM); chloramphenicol (floR); streptomycin (strA, strB); sulfisoxazole (sul1, sul2); tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetC); and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (dhfr5, dhfr12). Five ciprofloxacin- and/or nalidixic-resistant isolates contained point mutations in gyrA and/or parC. Most of the isolates (n = 28) carried plasmids and three were positive for class I integrons. Twenty-nine sequence types (ST) were detected, including three epidemic urinary-tract-infection-associated ST131 isolates. One of the ST131 E. coli isolates exhibited an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype and carried blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the emergence of an ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 from environmental water in the USA, which poses a potential risk to human health through the recreational, agricultural, or municipal use of this natural resource. This study identified E. coli with AR mechanisms to commonly used antimicrobials and carrying mobile genetic elements, which could transfer AR genes to other bacteria in the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from Rabbit Farms in Tai’an, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Zhao ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Zijing Ju ◽  
Weishan Chang ◽  
Shuhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Class I ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Class I Integrons ◽  
Reasonable Use ◽  
Sequence Types

To investigate the prevalence and resistance against antimicrobials of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Tai’an, March 2016, a total of 55 E. coli strains were isolated from 60 faecal samples of diarrheic rabbits collected from three rabbit farms in Tai’an. The E. coli isolates were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of resistance genes and Class I integrons and genotyped using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). All the E. coli isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and amikacin, while 78.2% of the isolates showed resistance against tetracycline, and 65.5% were resistant against ampicillin. The most common resistance gene detected was blaTEM, present in 98.2% of isolates, followed by blaCTX-M (94.6%) and sul2 (58.2%). Class I integrons were detected in 17 out of the 55 (30.9%) E. coli strains. Seven kinds of gene cassette were detected: dfrA17 + aadA5, dfrA1 + catB3 + aacA4, aadA2 + LinF, dfrA1 + aadA1, aadA22, dfrA12 + orfF + addA2, and aadA16 + dfrA27 + arr-3. All the 55 E. coli strains were identified and classified as 13 sequence types (STs); ST302 (22/55, 40.0%) was the most prevalent type, followed by ST370 (12/55, 21.8%). This study showed that E. coli isolated from diarrheic farmed rabbits in the Tai’an area exhibit sometimes very frequent resistance to antimicrobials important to human medicine, which further highlights the need for reasonable use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Class 1 Integrons and Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, and Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Pigsties and Manured Soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 7941-7947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Agersø ◽  
Dorthe Sandvang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Class I ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Class I Integrons ◽  
Horizontal Spread

ABSTRACT The presence of tetracycline resistance (Tcr) genes and class I integrons (in-1), and their ability to cotransfer were investigated in Tcr gram-negative (185 strains) and gram-positive (72 strains) bacteria from Danish farmland and pigsties. The isolates belonged to the groups or species Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Arthrobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The 257 isolates were screened for in-1. Eighty-one of the gram-negative isolates were also screened for the Tcr genes tet(A), tet(B), and tet(C), and all (n = 72) gram-positive isolates were screened for tet(33). Fourteen (7%) of the soil isolates and eleven (25%) of the pigsty isolates contained in-1. All isolates that contained tet genes also contained in-1, except one gram-negative isolate from a pigsty that contained tet(B). All gram-positive isolates with in-1 also contained tet(33). No isolates contained more than one tet gene. The in-1-positive isolates were tested for resistance to selected antimicrobial agents and showed resistance to three to nine drugs. Filter-mating experiments showed cotransfer of Tcr and class I integrons from soil isolates to Escherichia coli and/or Pseudomonas putida. We conclude that soil bacteria in close contact to manure or pigsty environment may thus have an important role in horizontal spread of resistance. Use of tetracyclines in food animal production may increase not only Tcr but also multidrug resistance (caused by the presence tet genes and in-1) in bacteria.

scholarly journals Evolution of Multiresistance in Nontyphoid Salmonella Serovars from 1984 to 1998 in Argentina

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3963-3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betina E. Orman ◽  
Silvia A. Piñeiro ◽  
Sonia Arduino ◽  
Marcelo Galas ◽  
Roberto Melano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Class I ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Class I Integrons

ABSTRACT Molecular evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid Salmonella spp. was investigated with 155 isolates obtained in Argentina from 1984 to 1998. In 74 isolates obtained from 1984 to 1988 resistance was associated with the presence of Tn3, Tn9, class I (In0) and II (Tn7) integrons, and the aac(3)-IIa gene. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance in Salmonella spp. emerged in 1989, and 81 isolates resistant to at least one ESC and one aminoglycoside were collected thereafter. Among these, two patterns of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were found: from 1989 to 1992, resistance was related to the spreading of Tn1331 and bla CTX-M-2, in addition to the persistence of In0 and Tn7. From 1993 to 1998, several integrons were added to the first pattern and three integron groups (IG), namely, IG1 (38% of the isolates), IG2 (51%), and IG3 (11%), were identified. At least two β-lactamase genes were detected in 65% of the isolates (after 1989) by PCR analysis. Furthermore, five β-lactamase genes, bla CTX-M- 2 , bla OXA-9, bla OXA-2, bla TEM-1, and bla PER-2, were found in two isolates. The bla CTX-M-2 gene was found in several complex sulI-type integrons with different rearrays within the variable region of class I integrons, suggesting evolution of these integrons in nontyphoid Salmonella. In conclusion, progressive acquisition and accumulation of plasmid-mediated resistance determinants occurred from 1984 to 1998 in nontyphoid Salmonella isolates of the most prevalent serovars from Argentina. It is suggested that antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in these bacteria may have been the consequence of plasmid exchange between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli or Shigella flexneri and/or spreading of mobile elements from the nosocomial environment.

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