LARGE-SCALE OPEN-SYSTEM BEHAVIOR OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE DEDUCED FROM CLOSED-SYSTEM MODELING OF METAMORPHIC PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN THE WEPAWAUG SCHIST, CT

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Stewart ◽  
◽  
Jay J. Ague
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Continental Lithosphere ◽  
System Behavior

scholarly journals Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters. II Argentière (French Alps): Bulk Melt Waters with Open-System Characteristics

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Thomas ◽  
R. Raiswell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
System Characteristics

AbstractVariations in dissolved cations, total alkalinity, sulphate, and field pH are recorded for subglacial melt and bulk melt waters (those emerging from the portal) at Argentière (France), in peak and recession flow conditions. Calcium and bicarbonate are the major ions and the bulk melt waters are demonstrated to have acquired solutes by weathering and dissolution in a system open to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Subglacial melt waters have closed-system characteristics, are close to saturation with calcite and quartz, and must be in near-equilibrium with weathered particulates. Recession-flow bulk melt waters are chemically similar to subglacial melt but have open-system characteristics, either due to re-equilibration with the atmosphere for ground-water mixing.

scholarly journals A direct pathway for the conversion of propionate into pyruvate in Moraxella lwoffi

1968 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hodgson ◽  
J. D. McGarry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Reserve Material ◽  
Propionate Metabolism ◽  
Cell Material ◽  
Lyase Activity

1. The identity of the organism previously known as Vibrio O1 (N.C.I.B. 8250) with a species of Moraxella is established. 2. The ability of cells to oxidize propionate is present only in cells with an endogenous respiration and this ability is increased 80-fold when the organism is grown with propionate. 3. Isocitrate lyase activity in extracts from propionate-grown cells is the same as that in extracts from lactate-grown cells, about tenfold greater than that in extracts from succinate-grown cells and slightly greater than half the activity in extracts from acetate-grown cells. 4. With arsenite as an inhibitor conditions were found in which the organism would catalyse the quantitative oxidation of propionate to pyruvate. When propionate was completely utilized pyruvate was metabolized further to 2-oxoglutarate. 5. The oxidation of propionate by cells was incomplete both in a ‘closed system’ with alkali to trap respiratory carbon dioxide and in an ‘open system’ with an atmosphere of oxygen+carbon dioxide (95:5). Acetate accumulated. Under these conditions [2−14C]- and [3−14C]-propionate gave rise to [14C]acetate. The rate of conversion of [2−14C]propionate into 14CO2, although much less than the rate of conversion of [1−14C]propionate into 14CO2, was slightly greater than the rate of conversion of [3−14C]propionate into 14CO2. 6. The oxidation of propionate by cells was complete in an ‘open system’ with an atmosphere of either oxygen or air. Under these conditions very little [1−14C]propionate was converted into 14C-labelled cell material. The conversion of [2−14C]- and [3−14C]-propionate into 14C-labelled cell material occurred at an appreciable rate, the rate for the incorporation of [3−14C]propionate being slightly more rapid. In the absence of a utilizable nitrogen source part of the [14C]propionate was incorporated into some reserve material, which was oxidized when added substrate had been completely utilized. 7. [14C]-Pyruvate produced from [14C]propionate was chemically degraded. The C(1) of propionate was found only in C(1) of pyruvate. At least 86% of C(2) of pyruvate was derived from C(2) of propionate and at least 92% of C(3) of pyruvate from C(3) of propionate. 8. These results are incompatible with the operation of any of the previously described pathways for propionate metabolism except the direct one, perhaps via an activated acrylate.

scholarly journals Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters. II Argentière (French Alps): Bulk Melt Waters with Open-System Characteristics

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Thomas ◽  
R. Raiswell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
System Characteristics

AbstractVariations in dissolved cations, total alkalinity, sulphate, and field pH are recorded for subglacial melt and bulk melt waters (those emerging from the portal) at Argentière (France), in peak and recession flow conditions. Calcium and bicarbonate are the major ions and the bulk melt waters are demonstrated to have acquired solutes by weathering and dissolution in a system open to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Subglacial melt waters have closed-system characteristics, are close to saturation with calcite and quartz, and must be in near-equilibrium with weathered particulates. Recession-flow bulk melt waters are chemically similar to subglacial melt but have open-system characteristics, either due to re-equilibration with the atmosphere for ground-water mixing.

Amplifying the Significance of Systems Theory

2017 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Mambo Mupepi
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Regulate System ◽  
Increase Productivity

In system theory organizations are viewed as closed or open systems. An open system interacts with the environment for its sustainability. The closed system does not interact with its setting consequently its behavior depends largely on internal dynamics of its parts. The centricity of an open organizational structure is one created and empowered to learn and change very fast to successfully achieve desired goals. However open systems need to embrace change as follows: transform inputs of energy and information to produce the products demanded by the customers, transact with key stakeholders to access resources, regulate system behavior to achieve stable performance, and adapt to continuously changing high velocity competition to increase productivity.

GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND CLOSED SYSTEM MODELING OF GLACIER LAKE, NY FOR THE VERIFICATION OF MEROMIXIS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Ross ◽  
◽  
Elize Chaves ◽  
Seth Price ◽  
Jonathan P. Schmitkons
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Geochemical Analysis

scholarly journals Systems analysis and cost estimates for large scale capture of carbon dioxide from air

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2893-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Simon ◽  
Naluahi B. Kaahaaina ◽  
S. Julio Friedmann ◽  
Roger D. Aines
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Estimates

scholarly journals Remote and local drivers of Pleistocene South Asian summer monsoon precipitation: A test for future predictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. eabg3848
Author(s):  
Steven C. Clemens ◽  
Masanobu Yamamoto ◽  
Kaustubh Thirumalai ◽  
Liviu Giosan ◽  
Julie N. Richey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Monsoon Precipitation ◽  
Orbital Eccentricity ◽  
South Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer

South Asian precipitation amount and extreme variability are predicted to increase due to thermodynamic effects of increased 21st-century greenhouse gases, accompanied by an increased supply of moisture from the southern hemisphere Indian Ocean. We reconstructed South Asian summer monsoon precipitation and runoff into the Bay of Bengal to assess the extent to which these factors also operated in the Pleistocene, a time of large-scale natural changes in carbon dioxide and ice volume. South Asian precipitation and runoff are strongly coherent with, and lag, atmospheric carbon dioxide changes at Earth’s orbital eccentricity, obliquity, and precession bands and are closely tied to cross-equatorial wind strength at the precession band. We find that the projected monsoon response to ongoing, rapid high-latitude ice melt and rising carbon dioxide levels is fully consistent with dynamics of the past 0.9 million years.

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