scholarly journals Hypertension knowledge and treatment initiation, adherence, and discontinuation among adults in Chennai, India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040252
Author(s):  
Nikkil Sudharsanan ◽  
Mohammed K Ali ◽  
Margaret McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Indians ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Treatment Use ◽  
Hypertension Knowledge

IntroductionA substantial share of urban Indians with diagnosed hypertension do not take regular treatment, potentially due to poor knowledge of hypertension consequences and treatment options. We describe hypertension knowledge and beliefs, treatment patterns, and reported reasons for treatment non-use among adults with diagnosed hypertension in Chennai, India.MethodsWe collected data on 833 adults ages 30+ with physician diagnosed hypertension using a door-to-door household survey within randomly selected wards of Chennai. We described the proportion of individuals who were not taking daily medications and their reported reasons for not doing so. Next, we described individuals’ knowledge of hypertension consequences and how to control blood pressure (BP) and assessed the association between knowledge and daily treatment use.ResultsOver one quarter (28% (95% CI 25% to 31%)) of diagnosed individuals reported not taking daily treatment. The largest proportion (18% (95% CI 16% to 21%)) were individuals who had discontinued prior treatment use. The primary reason individuals reported for non-daily use was that their BP had returned to normal. Just 23% (95% CI 20% to 26%) of individuals listed BP medications as the most effective way to reduce BP; however, these individuals were 11% points (95% CI 4% to 19%) more likely to take daily medications. Conversely, 43% (95% CI 40% to 47%) of individuals believed that BP medications should be stopped from time to time and these individuals were 15% points (95% CI −0.21 to –0.09) less likely to take daily treatment. While awareness of the consequences of hypertension was poor, we found no evidence that it was associated with taking daily medications.ConclusionsThere were large gaps in consistency of BP medication use which were strongly associated with knowledge about BP medications. Further research is needed to identify whether addressing beliefs can improve daily treatment use among individuals with diagnosed hypertension.

scholarly journals Characteristics of those most vulnerable to employment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Wales

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216030
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Gray ◽  
Richard G Kyle ◽  
Jiao Song ◽  
Alisha R Davies
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe public health response to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a detrimental impact on employment and there are concerns the impact may be greatest among the most vulnerable. We examined the characteristics of those who experienced changes in employment status during the early months of the pandemic.MethodsData were collected from a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of the working age population (18–64 years) in Wales in May/June 2020 (n=1379). We looked at changes in employment and being placed on furlough since February 2020 across demographics, contract type, job skill level, health status and household factors. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test and multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between demographics, subgroups and employment outcomes.ResultsOf our respondents, 91.0% remained in the same job in May/June 2020 as they were in February 2020, 5.7% were now in a new job and 3.3% experienced unemployment. In addition, 24% of our respondents reported being placed on furlough. Non-permanent contract types, individuals who reported low mental well-being and household financial difficulties were all significant factors in experiencing unemployment. Being placed on ‘furlough’ was more likely in younger (18–29 years) and older (60–64 years) workers, those in lower skilled jobs and from households with less financial security.ConclusionA number of vulnerable population groups were observed to experience detrimental employment outcomes during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted support is needed to mitigate against both the direct impacts on employment, and indirect impacts on financial insecurity and health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato in Owned Dogs in Lagos State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Jolaoluwa Awosanya ◽  
Zaynab Ligali ◽  
Kwabena Obeng Duedu ◽  
Angela Peruzzu ◽  
Giovanna Masala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infection in dogs poses risk of transmission to their owners and family members. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with E. granulosus s.l. infection among owned dogs presented at veterinary clinics or hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria. Fecal samples from 217 dogs were screened for the presence of taeniid eggs using a sedimentation test in a cross sectional study. The taeniid eggs were identified at molecular level using a multiplex PCR. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on intrinsic and extrinsic factors from 133 dog owners. Out of the 217 dog fecal samples, 13 (6.0%) had taeniid eggs, of which 12 (92.3%) were identified as Echinococcus granulosus s.l. We found that Echinococcus granulosus infection is present among owned dogs in Lagos State with an overall prevalence of 5.5%. Location of the veterinary clinics or hospital and purpose for keeping dogs were significant factors associated with E. granulosus infection among owned dogs. Dogs living in suburban areas and kept for security purposes or guarding have higher probability of infection. Appropriate and regular treatment of dogs with praziquantel is highly recommended to reduce risk of E. granulosus transmission to humans.

scholarly journals Childhood malnutrition is associated with maternal care during pregnancy and childbirth: a cross-sectional study in Bauchi and Cross River States, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candyce Hamel ◽  
Joseph Enne ◽  
Khalid Omer ◽  
Ndem Ayara ◽  
Yahaya Yarima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Potential Link

<em>Background</em>. Malnutrition remains an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality; the levels of childhood malnutrition in Nigeria are among the highest in the world. The literature supports many direct and indirect causes of malnutrition, but few studies have examined the link between maternal care during pregnancy and childbirth and childhood malnutrition. This study examines this potential link in Bauchi and Cross River states in Nigeria. <br /><em>Design and methods.</em> In 2011, a household survey collected information about children under four years old and their mothers’ last pregnancy. Trained fieldworkers measured mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of children aged 6-47 months. We examined associations with childhood malnutrition in bivariate and multivariate analysis. <br /><em>Results</em>. Some 4.4% of 3643 children in Cross River, and 14.7% of 2706 in Bauchi were malnourished (MUAC z-score). In both states, a child whose mother had fewer than four government antenatal care visits was more likely to be malnourished (Cross River: OR 1.85, 95%CIca 1.33-2.55; Bauchi: OR 1.29, 95%CIca 1.02-1.63). In Bauchi, a child whose mother who rarely or never discussed pregnancy and childbirth with her husband (OR 1.34, 95%CIca 1.07-1.68), and who did not have her last delivery attended by a skilled health worker was more likely to be malnourished (OR 1.50, 95%CIca 1.09-2.07). <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. These findings, if confirmed in other studies, suggest that poor care of women in pregnancy and childbirth could pose a longer term risk to the health of the child, as well as increasing immediate risks for both mother and child.

scholarly journals Correlation of Knowledge and Beliefs to Adherence with Antibiotic Use in Adult Patients at a Private Hospital in Sidoarjo

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasan Wattiheluw ◽  
Fauna Herawati ◽  
Setiasih Setiasih ◽  
Rika Yulia
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hospitalization Period

Infectious diseases are one of the top ten causes of death in the world. Antibiotic therapy is administered for infectious diseases, but if bacteria are exposed to antibiotics continuously, then the bacteria are able to adapt to the medication, thereby resulting in antibiotic resistance. This condition results in an increase in mortality, long hospitalization period, and increased cost of antibiotic therapy and health services. Adherence to using antibiotics may be influenced by knowledge and beliefs about them. This study aimed to understand correlation between knowledge and belief with adherence to antibiotic use at a private hospital in Sidoarjo. This cross-sectional study, the data collected in three months period, was conducted with a questionnaire for assessment knowledge and belief. A pill count method was applied for assessment adherence to using antibiotics prescribed by doctors. The study results show that knowledge of the respondents was adequate for 76 people (69.7%), belief was adequate for 74 people (67.9%), and adherence to antibiotic use for 79 people (72%). Regression analysis showed that the variable that significantly influenced the adherence of patients in using antibiotics was perceived threat (p-value = 0,029). Sex, age, education, income, occupation, and marital status have no contribution to antibiotic knowledge, belief, and adherence.

scholarly journals Relationship with the Regularity of Visits Complications of Hypertension in Patients more than 45 years old

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Wahyu Wijayanto ◽  
Prijono Satyabakti
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Hypertension Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

  ABSTRACTHypertension being a risk factor for the entrance of various degenerative diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and other vascular Penyait. One factor that may increase the risk of hypertension one of them is poor lifestyle such as smoking, excessive consumption of salt in the diet and lack of exercise. This study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge about the relationship with the regularity of visits Complications of Hypertension Hypertension in Patients 45 years of age at the Tembok Dukuh  health center at Surabaya. The study was an observational cross-sectional study design. Sample size were 48 people that hypertensive patients more than 45 years old  who were treated at the Tembok Dukuh  health center. Independent variables, namely knowledge about the complications of hypertension patients and dependent variable is the regularity of visits to theTembok Dukuh health center patients with hypertension  Data analysis using the crosstab tes The results with cross-tabulation (crosstab) can be seen as many as 30 people from 48 respondents have less knowledge and affect the regularity of visits to the Tembok Dukuh health center. The conclusion can be drawn that most hypertensive patients more than 45 years old whose came to Tembok Dukuh  health centers has less knowledge about hypertension complications that result in hypertensive patients regularity of visits decreasedKeyword : hypertension, knowledge, regularity of visits 

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Influencing Elderly Abuse: A Descriptive Study of Jureli Village, Bakaiya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Keshab Prasad Timalsina
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Abuse ◽  
Policies And Programs

The elderly abuse in a family is one of the most challenging problems in a society. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of elderly abuse in the family environment of JureliTole of Bakaiya Rural Municipality. The study also presents various risk factors that influence the prevalence of Elderly abuse. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 103 elders taken from household survey by using census method. The data were collected through a face-to-face structured interview schedule. The descriptive and regression analysis of the collected data showed that the prevalence of elderly abuse was 46.6% in the study population. This study measured significant association (p<0.05) of overall abuse against the elder with only two socio-demographic variables (literacy status and health status) among the variables (gender, age groups, living with or without spouse, literacy status, health status, dependency status, and income level). The results showed that the elders with/without spouse had the highest odds ratio to be abused (2.19 times) followed by gender (1.64 times), and health status (1.25 times). Although this study found lower prevalence than many previous studies, it is still significant and needs to be prevented. Based on the study, it can be said that living without a spouse, with poor health, and being female are the major predictive descriptors for elderly abuse.The policies and programs are needed for the prevention of elderly abuse which may require collective action from social, health and justice sectors. 

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Pesticide Use and Knowledge of Smallholder Potato Farmers in Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Sikhu Okonya ◽  
Jürgen Kroschel
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
And Storage

In response to increased pest and disease problems, potato farmers use pesticides, which could raise environmental and health concerns. This study sought to promote proper and safe pesticide-handling practices by providing data needed to guide pesticide regulation policy and training for extension staff and farmers. A household survey was conducted in three major potato-growing agroecological zones of Uganda. Two hundred and four potato farmers were interviewed about the type and source of pesticides they use in potato cultivation, the frequency of applications, the use of protective clothing, and cases of pesticide poisoning. The types of pesticides used in potato were fungicides (72%), insecticides (62%), and herbicides (3%). Overall, use of personal protective equipment was low, that is, gumboots (73%), gloves (7%), face masks (16%), and long sleeve shirts (42%). Forty-three percent of farmers who applied pesticides reported having experienced skin itching, 25% skin burning sensation, 43% coughing, 60% a runny nose, 27% teary eyes, and 42% dizziness. An IPM approach involving only moderately to slightly hazardous pesticides when pest and disease incidence has reached economic injury levels and by considering all safety measures during application and storage would be environmentally recommendable and result in reduced health risks.

Patients’ beliefs toward generic medication in Yemen

2021 ◽  
pp. 174113432110392
Author(s):  
Ammar Ali Saleh Jaber ◽  
Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi ◽  
Abdullah Ahmed Dhabali
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generic Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Generic Medication ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose This study aims to explore patients’ knowledge and beliefs toward generic medicines and identify the factors affecting their beliefs toward them in Yemen. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to July 1, 2016. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 590 adult patients in Sana’a. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (IBM SPSS) version 26 for Windows. Results Overall, 370 patients participated in this study. The study identified that a majority of the respondents did not know the similarities and differences between generic and branded medication and had negative beliefs toward generic medication. The study identified the factors contributing to the patients’ beliefs toward generic medication. Conclusion Yemeni patients had poor knowledge and negative beliefs toward generic medication. Educational programs provided to patients and healthcare professionals regarding generic medication can improve patients’ knowledge and correct their beliefs in this regard.

Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3261-3264
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammad Haleem ◽  
Muhammad Hashim Kalwar ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Butt ◽  
Jehangir Hasan ◽  
Javed Khurshed Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background: An increasing number of people around the world suffer from cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked to poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients with mild to moderate LV dysfunction, and it is most prominent in these patients. Despite advancements in care and treatment options like catheter ablation, managing AF is still a therapeutic challenge even with these advances. Aim/Objective: To determine the frequency of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 patients at Adult Cardiology, NICVD, Karachi for Six months after approval from 31-08-2019 till 29-02-2020. Patients' consent was obtained verbally before data were collected prospectively. There were 246 patients with heart failure who had been diagnosed and met the diagnostic criteria. An overview of the event's history was gathered, as well as demographic data. Qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages, while quantitative data were given as simple descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. A p-value of 0.05 or lower is considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 246 patients with heart failure were included in this study. The mean age in our study was 56.78±2.81 years. Whereas, mean BNP and ejection fraction in our study was 1144±87.81 pg./ml and 34.65±4.14 %. 136 (55.3%) were male and 110 (44.7%) were female. Out of 246 patients with heart failure, 52 (21.1%) had atrial fibrillation and 194 (78.9%) did not have atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that a large percentage of heart failure patients had atrial fibrillation. Thus, it is essential to focus on a comprehensive way of management of heart failure and its comorbidities rather than primarily treating the cardiac symptoms. Keywords: Heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

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