In the Midst of Digital Economy

The financial literacy of urban Indians has been a cause of concern for Reserve Bank, commercial banks, and numerous NGOs and self-help groups. Extant literature has proven that financial illiteracy and poor financial skills lead to evils such as indebtedness leading to bankruptcy filings, poverty, divorce, and depression. Keeping in mind the importance of being able to understand and handle personal finance well by millennials, the authors examined 213 Indian students pursuing a PG course in management in Delhi city. To ascertain the students' level of financial knowledge and examine whether factors like gender, education level, undergraduate area of study, income level, etc., factor analysis is conducted and five independent factors are extracted, explaining 80% of variance. Through the study, five factors determining financial literacy were found—borrowing behavior, investment behavior, financial prudence, transaction behavior, and spending behavior—in Delhi from 2014-2018.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D LEVEL AND NONSPECIFIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN: A HOSPITAL BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

The prevalence of Vitamin D deciency in India ranges from 50% to 94% in different age groups. Primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deciency among adults with nonspecic complaints of musculoskeletal pain/tiredness/weakness with no other symptoms or medical comorbidities. The normal reference range of our laboratory for serum 25(OH)D level is 30–100 ng/ml. Out of the entire cohort of 400 patients, only 12% (n=48) had sufcient serum vitamin D levels (>30 ng/mL) .T he mean± S.D. value of serum vitamin D for the study population was 20.61 ±11.67 (median =20; range= 2.4-124). More than half of the study sample (n=222; 55.5%) analyzed had decient serum Vit D levels (≤20 ng/ml) and almost a third of the sample (n=130; 32.5%) had insufcient serum Vit D levels (21-30 ng/ml). This study also documented statistically signicant results between serum vitamin D levels in patients with different sunlight exposure (p=0.032). This study conrms a high prevalence of vitamin D deciency in people with diffuse musculoskeletal pain in apparently healthy urban Indians and advocates the supplementation of vitamin D in such patient population.

Hypertension knowledge and treatment initiation, adherence, and discontinuation among adults in Chennai, India: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionA substantial share of urban Indians with diagnosed hypertension do not take regular treatment, potentially due to poor knowledge of hypertension consequences and treatment options. We describe hypertension knowledge and beliefs, treatment patterns, and reported reasons for treatment non-use among adults with diagnosed hypertension in Chennai, India.MethodsWe collected data on 833 adults ages 30+ with physician diagnosed hypertension using a door-to-door household survey within randomly selected wards of Chennai. We described the proportion of individuals who were not taking daily medications and their reported reasons for not doing so. Next, we described individuals’ knowledge of hypertension consequences and how to control blood pressure (BP) and assessed the association between knowledge and daily treatment use.ResultsOver one quarter (28% (95% CI 25% to 31%)) of diagnosed individuals reported not taking daily treatment. The largest proportion (18% (95% CI 16% to 21%)) were individuals who had discontinued prior treatment use. The primary reason individuals reported for non-daily use was that their BP had returned to normal. Just 23% (95% CI 20% to 26%) of individuals listed BP medications as the most effective way to reduce BP; however, these individuals were 11% points (95% CI 4% to 19%) more likely to take daily medications. Conversely, 43% (95% CI 40% to 47%) of individuals believed that BP medications should be stopped from time to time and these individuals were 15% points (95% CI −0.21 to –0.09) less likely to take daily treatment. While awareness of the consequences of hypertension was poor, we found no evidence that it was associated with taking daily medications.ConclusionsThere were large gaps in consistency of BP medication use which were strongly associated with knowledge about BP medications. Further research is needed to identify whether addressing beliefs can improve daily treatment use among individuals with diagnosed hypertension.

Challenges of Building, Deploying, and Using AI-Enabled Telepsychiatry Platforms for Clinical Practice Among Urban Indians: A Qualitative Study

Background: Published literature shows the overall challenges associated with artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled medicine and telepsychiatry more from the western perspective, with no specific mention from the perspective of individual stakeholders or Indians. This study was conceptualized to understand the perceived challenges of building, deploying, and using AI-enabled telepsychiatry for clinical practice from the perspectives of psychiatrist, patients, and the technology experts (who build such services) in urban India. Methods: Between February 2020 and April 2020, a semistructured topic guide was drafted for qualitative exploratory study among psychiatrists ( n = 14), their patients ( n = 14), technology experts ( n = 13), and Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) ( n = 5) of health technology incubation centers. Interviews were conducted over the phone, recorded, and analyzed using the grounded theory approach. Results: Almost all respondents cited ethical, legal, accountability, and regulatory implications as challenges. The major issues stated by patients were privacy/confidentiality, ethical violations, security/ hacking, and data ownership. Psychiatrists cited lack of clinical validation, lack of established studies or trials, iatrogenic risk, and healthcare infrastructure issues as the main challenges. Technology experts stated data-related issues as the major challenge. The CEOs quoted the lack of interdisciplinary experts as one of the main challenges in building deployable AI-enabled telepsychiatry in India. Conclusions: There are challenges to deploy an AI-enabled telepsychiatry platform in India. There is a need to constitute an interdisciplinary team to systematically address these challenges. Deployment of AI-enabled telepsychiatry is not possible without clinical validation and addressing current challenges.

Digital Tribalography

There there is so notable partly because it validates and documents the urban indian experience and complicates the back-to-the-land narratives of such classics as Ceremony, by Leslie Marmon Silko (Laguna Pueblo), and House Made of Dawn, by N. Scott Momaday (Kiowa/Cherokee): “Being Indian,” the narrator says, “has never been about returning to the land” (Orange 11). In place of this conventional narrative, There There embraces and authenticates the experience of Natives who have grown up in the city and are more at home there than in the countryside. Two key terms here need clarification already. First, we write “countryside” rather than “community” because Orange challenges the conventional opposition between urban Indians and those from “community,” as though community were the sole privilege of rural existence. In fact, Orange's novel locates community—all Native community—in the contemporary interpenetration of the urban and the technological. Second, for Orange the term urban doesn't just refer to those living in the city. Instead, the urban is a function of the contemporary world, in which access to the Internet effaces the place-based spatial logics that have long aligned authenticity with location in traditional—inevitably rural—settings: “Plenty of us are urban now. If not because we live in cities, then because we live on the internet” (9). The urban is connectedness in the midst of displacement, of the placelessness of online existence. Those who live in cities are ipso facto urban; those who do not are virtually urban, regardless of locale.

„Nie ma już tam tam” – Urban Indians i współczesna sztuka rdzenna, wokół tożsamości i autentyczności w amerykańskiej popkulturze

“There is no there there” – Urban Indians and The New Contemporary in Indigenous American Art – around Identity and Authenticity in American Pop Culture Native American artists and writers are constantly reimagining their narratives, and addressing context, community, and intersection with others. Based on few examples: Tommy Orange (Cheyenne / Arapaho), James Luna (Payómkawichum / Ipi), Wendy Red Star (Apsáalooke (Crow)) and Steven Paul Judd (Choctaw / Kiowa) author of article examines how their art undermines the conventional view on a stereotypical image of Native Arts and how their strategies are opening a new view on Urban Indians. How does artistic work around their own identity is transforming a social perception of indigenous minorities. Kewords: Urban Indians, the New Contemporary, Indigenous American Art, American Pop Culture, Identity, Authenticity

Retos del quehacer etnográfico con indígenas urbanos en ciudades mexicanas

En el artículo se analiza la etnografía y sus técnicas de investigación tradicionales como recurso central para identificar espacios públicos y privados, así como prácticas sociales ligadas a la reproducción de procesos de etnicidad urbana, tanto en metrópolis como en ciudades medias en México. El acercamiento reciente con grupos indígenas ha llevado a replantear la puesta en práctica de ciertas técnicas de investigación consideradas propias del método etnográfico en la antropología. Me refiero a la observación participante, la entrevista dirigida y el registro en el diario de campo. La agencia mostrada en la actualidad por sujetos, familias y colectivos indígenas radicados en diversas ciudades mexicanas, problematiza los contenidos y formas asociados tradicionalmente a dichas técnicas, además de ponderar prácticas de reflexividad por parte de los investigadores. A partir de la revisión de diversos trabajos con indígenas urbanos desarrollados en la última década, se discuten dichas consideraciones a la luz de proponer nuevas prácticas en las formas y contenido etnográfico con sujetos, familias, colectivos y grupos indígenas radicados en diversos centros urbanos mexicanos.Challenges for ethnographic work with urban indians in mexican citiesAbstractThis article analyzes ethnography and its traditional research techniques as a central resource to identify public and private spaces as well as social practices linked to the reproduction of processes of urban ethnicity, both in metropolis and in medium-sized cities in Mexico. The recent approach with indigenous groups has led to rethink the implementation of certain research techniques considered appropriate to the ethnographic method in anthropology. It means the participant observation, the directed interview and the reports in the field notebook. The agency currently shown by individuals, families and indigenous groups based in various Mexican cities problematizes the contents and forms traditionally associated with these techniques, as well as weighing reflexivity practices by researchers. From reviewing various works developed with urban indigenous in the last decade, these considerations are discussed in the light of proposing new practices in ethnographic forms and content with subjects, families, groups and indigenous groups located in various Mexican urban centers.Keywords: Ethnography; ethnographic reflexivity; urban indigenous; citiesand indigenous.Desafios do trabalho etnográfico com indígenas urbanos em cidades mexicanasResumoNo artigo analisa-se a etnografia e suas técnicas de pesquisa tradicionais como recurso central para identificar espaços públicos e privados, bem como práticas sociais ligadas à reprodução de processos de etnicidade urbana, tanto em metrópoles como em cidades médias no México. A aproximação recente com grupos indígenas tem levado a repensar a aplicação de certas técnicas de pesquisa consideradas próprias do método etnográfico na antropologia. Refiro-me à observação participante, a entrevista dirigida e o registro no diário de campo. A agência mostrada na atualidade por sujeitos, famílias e coletivos indígenas radicados em diversas cidades mexicanas, problematiza os conteúdos e formas associados tradicionalmente a ditas técnicas, além de ponderar práticas de reflexividade por parte dos pesquisadores. A partir da revisão de diversos trabalhos com indígenas urbanos desenvolvidos na última década, discutem-se ditas considerações à luz de propor novas práticas nas formas e conteúdo etnográfico com sujeitos, famílias, coletivos e grupos indígenas radicados em diversos centros urbanos mexicanos.Palavras-chave: Etnografia; reflexividade etnográfica; indígenasurbanos; cidades e indígenas.