Mental health and behavioural factors involved in road traffic crashes by young adults: analysis of the Raine Study

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2021-218039
Author(s):  
Robert Tait ◽  
Rebecca Ivers ◽  
Jennifer L Marino ◽  
Dorota Doherty ◽  
Petra L Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Raine Study ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Driving Risk

BackgroundRoad traffic crashes (RTC) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young people. Severe mental health and behavioural conditions increase the likelihood of RTC, as do a range of driving-risk activities.MethodWe used data from the Raine Study, a prebirth cohort from Perth, Australia, to assess the relationship between measures of common mental health or behavioural conditions (Child Behavior Checklist Internalising and Externalising scores) at age 17 and subsequent RTC by 27 years, controlling for substance use and driving-risk activities.ResultsBy 27 years of age, of 937 participants, 386 (41.2%) reported zero crashes and 551 (58.8%) reported ≥1 crashes. In the baseline Poisson model, increased Externalising scores (eg, aggression and delinquency) were associated with increased RTC (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02): increased Internalising scores (eg, anxiety and depression) were associated with fewer RTC (IRR=0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.00). In the fully adjusted model, the mental health measures were not significant (Externalising IRR=1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.02: Internalising IRR=0.99, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.00). Risky driver activities, such as falling asleep while driving (IRR=1.34), more frequent use of a hands-free telephone (IRR=1.35) and more frequent hostility towards other drivers (IRR=1.30) increased the rate of RTC.ConclusionMeasures of mental health scores at age 17 were not predictive of subsequent RTC, after adjusting for measures of driving-risk activities. We need to better understand the determinants of externalising and risky driving behaviours if we are to address the increased risk of RTC.

scholarly journals Mortality and Morbidity of Urban Road Traffic Crashes in Africa: Capture-Recapture Estimates in Bamako, Mali, 2012

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammadoum A. Sango ◽  
Jean Testa ◽  
Nicolas Meda ◽  
Benjamin Contrand ◽  
Mamadou S. Traoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Capture Recapture

scholarly journals Characteristics of Fatal Road Traffic Crashes Associated with Alcohol and Illicit Substances in Queensland (2011-2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
James Freeman ◽  
Alexander Parkes ◽  
Kerry Armstrong ◽  
Jeremy Davey
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
High Range

Psychoactive substances affect driver behaviour in different ways, some of which can increase the risk of traffic crashes. This study investigated coroners findings for fatal road traffic crashes in Queensland for crash factors and driver behaviours associated with and without the presence of alcohol or illicit drugs. A total of 701 coroners reports for the period of 2011 to 2015 were analysed revealing 306 fatal incidents involving the detection of either alcohol or target illegal drugs (e.g., methamphetamine, THC [cannabis], cocaine or MDMA). Alcohol was most often detected (223 cases; 72.9% of the drug and alcohol sample and 31.8% of the entire sample), and a majority of fatalities involving alcohol (n = 114, 51% of alcohol cases) were at high range BAC levels (>.150g/100ml). Of these, 37 (32.5% of high range and 16.6% of alcohol cases) were detected with illicit drugs. Single vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes were evenly represented, although males were overrepresented in all crash types. Alcohol and poly drug consumption were more likely to be associated with single vehicle crashes (81.7% and 64.6% respectively), while detections of methamphetamines and THC in isolation without other substances were slightly overrepresented by multi-vehicle crashes (58.6% and 59.4% respectively). Single vehicle crashes usually involved speeding, loss of control and failure to negotiate a curve while multi-vehicle crashes were disproportionately represented by reckless driving and misjudging traffic conditions. Overall, an important theme to emerge was the contribution of illicit drugs and alcohol to the majority of single vehicle crashes, highlighting the increased risk of this type of crash for drivers who are positive with these substances.

First Aid and Harm Minimization for Victims of Road Trauma: A Population Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Arbon ◽  
Jo Hayes ◽  
Richard Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Response Times ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Harm Minimization ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Users ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Potential Population

AbstractIntroduction: This project examined the use of first aid by bystanders at road traffic crashes (RTC) and was undertaken in the context of increasing average ambulance response times to RTC throughout Australia and the potential impact of early first aid intervention on the mortality and morbidity associated with RTC. The aim of this project was to acquire knowledge about the prevalence of first aid training; the incidence of being a bystander and of providing first aid; the range of first aid skills being utilized; the motivation to intervene; and, the perceived impact of first aid training.Methods: An Internet-based survey was distributed to a potential population of 12,500 road users and a total of 773 responded. Descriptive and comparative statistical analysis of quantitative data and thematic analysis of qualitative data were completed.Results: Seventy-seven percent (77%) of participants had first aid training at some stage in their lives; 28% held a current first aid certificate; 11% had provided first aid at RTC; 75.3% who had provided first aid were travelling in a vehicle. Having first aid training increased the likelihood of intervention and of owning a first aid kit or pocket mask.Conclusions: First aid training, even if it is not current, is an enabler for providing first aid at RTCs. The first aid skills most commonly used were changing posture, opening an airway, and providing comfort and reassurance. Key concerns for first aiders included a feeling of a lack of follow-up, and lack of an opportunity to debrief. Strategies to increase first aid training, to improve information and support, and to increase the knowledge of first aider’s are discussed.

scholarly journals Collaborative research and knowledge translation on road crashes in Burkina Faso: the police perspective 18 months on

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dagenais ◽  
Michelle Proulx ◽  
Esther Mc Sween-Cadieux ◽  
Aude Nikiema ◽  
Emmanuel Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Crashes

AbstractIn this commentary, we present a follow-up of two articles published in 2017 and 2018 about road traffic crashes, which is an important public health issue in Africa and Burkina Faso. The first article reported on a research project, conducted in partnership with local actors involved in road safety, carried out in Ouagadougou in 2015. Its aim was to test the effectiveness, acceptability, and capacity of a surveillance system to assess the number of road traffic crashes and their consequences on the health of crash victims. Several knowledge translation activities were carried out to maximize its impact and were reported in the 2018 article published in HRPS: monthly reports presenting the research data, large-format printed maps distributed to the city’s police stations, and a deliberative workshop held at the end of the research project. The present commentary presents our efforts to deepen our understanding of the impacts of the knowledge translation strategy, based on follow-up interviews, 18 months after the workshop, with the heads of the road traffic crash units in Ouagadougou police stations (n = 5). Several benefits were reported by respondents. Their involvement in the process prompted them to broaden their knowledge of other ways of dealing with the issue of road crashes. This led them, sometimes with their colleagues, to intervene differently: more rapid response at collision sites, increased surveillance of dangerous intersections, user awareness-raising on the importance of the highway code, etc. However, sustaining these actions over the longer term has proven difficult. Several lessons were derived from this experience, regarding the importance of producing useful and locally applicable research data, of ensuring the acceptability of the technologies used for data collection, of using collaborative approaches in research and knowledge translation, of ensuring the visibility of actions undertaken by actors in the field, and of involving decision-makers in the research process to maximize its impacts.

Dominant role of drivers’ attitude in prevention of road traffic crashes: A study on knowledge, attitude, and practice of drivers in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Mirzaei ◽  
Nima Hafezi-Nejad ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Sabagh ◽  
Alireza Ansari Moghaddam ◽  
Vahid Eslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

OPTIMISING ROAD LIGHTING TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Robbins ◽  
S. Fotios ◽  
J. Uttley ◽  
R. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Ambient Light Level ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Pedestrians and motorcyclists are vulnerable road users, being over represented in road traffic collisions (RTCs). One assumed benefit of road lighting is a reduction in RTCs after dark by countering the impairment to the visual detection of hazards that occur after dark. One way to optimise the use of road lighting is to light only those sections of road where light level, and hence visibility, is an important factor. The current study used change in ambient light level on RTCs to investigate those situations where improved vision is likely to have significant impact, and therefore the situations where road lighting is of better cost-benefit effectiveness. For both motorcyclist and pedestrian RTCs there was a significant increase in overall RTC risk in darkness compared to daylight, indicating that there may be an overall benefit of road lighting. While darkness was a particular detriment at junctions for motorcyclists and on high-speed roads for pedestrians, road lighting may not be effective mitigation in either case and therefore alternative ways of increasing conspicuity should be considered.

Status of Road Safety in the Region of the Americas

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Child Restraint

In the three years since the last road safety report was issued, the number of road traffic deaths has continued to increase throughout the Americas, reaching 154,997 deaths in 2016 (latest year of available data). However, the death rate from road traffic crashes has remained stable (15.6 per 100,000 population in 2016 as compared to 15.9 per 100,000 population in 2013). Data presented in this report show that aspects of road safety management, legislation, and post-crash care have improved in some countries. However, the improvements have been modest and it is clear that the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.6, to halve road traffic deaths by 2020, will not be achieved... Since 2014, more countries in the Region have implemented road safety legislation. Two additional countries, the Dominican Republic and Uruguay, established laws on drink-driving based on best practice, bringing the total to eight countries. Ecuador implemented legislation on helmet use (resulting in a total of seven countries), Dominican Republic implemented legislation on seat-belts (19 countries in total), while Chile implemented child restraint laws (two countries in total). However, no new speed laws have been enacted in the Region. Overall, four countries (Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Uruguay) have amended their laws regarding one or more road safety risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. Despite these legislative developments, enforcement remains a major challenge in most countries...

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