A national quitline service and its promotion in the mass media: modelling the health gain, health equity and cost–utility

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Nghiem ◽  
Christine L Cleghorn ◽  
William Leung ◽  
Nisha Nair ◽  
Frederieke S van der Deen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Health System ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
The Mass Media

BackgroundMass media campaigns and quitlines are both important distinct components of tobacco control programmes around the world. But when used as an integrated package, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are not well described. We therefore aimed to estimate the health gain, health equity impacts and cost–utility of the package of a national quitline service and its promotion in the mass media.MethodsWe adapted an established Markov and multistate life-table macro-simulation model. The population was all New Zealand adults in 2011. Effect sizes and intervention costs were based on past New Zealand quitline data. Health system costs were from a national data set linking individual health events to costs.ResultsThe 1-year operation of the existing intervention package of mass media promotion and quitline service was found to be net cost saving to the health sector for all age groups, sexes and ethnic groups (saving $NZ84 million; 95%uncertainty interval 60–115 million in the base-case model). It also produced greater per capita health gains for Māori (indigenous) than non-Māori (2.2 vs 0.73 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) per 1000 population, respectively). The net cost saving of the intervention was maintained in all sensitivity and scenario analyses for example at a discount rate of 6% and when the intervention effect size was quartered (given the possibility of residual confounding in our estimates of smoking cessation). Running the intervention for 20 years would generate an estimated 54 000 QALYs and $NZ1.10 billion (US$0.74 billion) in cost savings.ConclusionsThe package of a quitline service and its promotion in the mass media appears to be an effective means to generate health gain, address health inequalities and save health system costs. Nevertheless, the role of this intervention needs to be compared with other tobacco control and health sector interventions, some of which may be even more cost saving.

scholarly journals Mass media promotion of a smartphone smoking cessation app: Modeled health and cost impacts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Nghiem ◽  
William Leung ◽  
Cristina Cleghorn ◽  
Tony Blakely ◽  
Nick Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Health System ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
The Cost

Background Smartphones are increasingly available and some high quality apps are available for smoking cessation. However, the cost-effectiveness of promoting such apps has never been studied. Objective To estimate the health gain, inequality impacts and cost-utility from a five-year promotion campaign of a smoking cessation smartphone app compared to business-as-usual (no app use for quitting). Methods A well-established Markov macro-simulation model utilising a multi-state life-table was adapted to the intervention (lifetime horizon, 3% discount rate). The setting was the New Zealand (NZ) population (N = 4.4 million). The intervention effect size was from a multi-country randomised trial: relative risk for quitting at six months = 2.23 (95%CI: 1.08 to 4.77). Intervention costs were based on NZ mass media promotion data and the NZ cost of attracting a smoker to smoking cessation services ($NZ64 per person). Results The five-year intervention was estimated to generate 6760 QALYs (95%UI: 5420 to 8420) over the remaining lifetime of the population. For Māori (Indigenous population) there was 2.8 times the per capita age-standardized QALYs relative to non-Māori. The intervention was also estimated to be cost-saving to the health system (saving NZ$115, 95%UI: 72.5 million [m] to 171m; US$81.8m). The cost-saving aspect of the intervention was maintained in scenario and sensitivity analyses where the discount rate was doubled to 6%, the effect size halved, and the intervention run for just one year. Conclusions This study provides modelling-level evidence that mass-media promotion of a smartphone app for smoking cessation is likely to generate health gain, reduce ethnic inequalities in health and save health system costs. Nevertheless, there are other tobacco control which generate considerably larger health gains and cost-savings such as raising tobacco taxes.

The fight of Armenia against COVID-19 in the context of international cooperation

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
M. A. Tamamyan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Health System ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Actors

The article is devoted to the study of methods of combating coronavirus infection in the Republic of Armenia in the context of international cooperation. Attention is focused on the interaction of country with international organizations to overcome the pandemic in the country. This paper presents the author's table based on the analysis of the mass media in order to summarize the full range of cooperation between the Government of Armenia and external actors during the COVID-19. The article emphasizes the importance of creating an anti-crisis committee to combat coronavirus, as well as the need to increase funding for the health system.

The cost-effectiveness of a mass media campaign to promote smartphone apps for weight loss: an updated modeling study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C Jones ◽  
Leah Grout ◽  
Wilson Nick ◽  
Nhung Nghiem ◽  
Christine L Cleghorn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Health System ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Mass Media Campaign ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Promote Weight Loss

UNSTRUCTURED Background Evidence suggests that smartphone apps can be effective in the self-management of weight. Given the low cost, broad reach, and apparent effectiveness of apps at promoting weight loss, governments may seek to encourage the uptake of such apps as an opportunity for reducing excess weight among the population. However, the cost and potential cost-effectiveness are important considerations. Our study used a modeling approach to assess the health impacts, health system costs, cost-effectiveness, and health equity of a mass media campaign to promote high quality smartphone apps for weight loss in New Zealand. Methods We used an established proportional multistate life table model that simulates the 2011 New Zealand (NZ) adult population over the lifetime, sub-grouped by age, sex, and ethnicity (Māori [Indigenous]/non-Māori). The key risk factor was BMI. The model compared business-as-usual to a one-off mass media campaign intervention, which included the pooled effect size from a recent meta-analysis of smartphone weight loss apps. The resulting impact on BMI and BMI-related diseases was captured through changes in health gain (quality-adjusted life years; QALYs) and in health system costs (health system perspective). The difference in total health system costs was the net sum of interventions costs and downstream cost offsets due to altered disease rates. A discount rate of 3% was applied to health gains and health system costs. Multiple scenario and sensitivity analyses were also conducted, including an equity adjustment. Results Across the remaining lifetime of the modeled 2011 NZ population, the mass media campaign to promote weight loss apps usage had an estimated overall health gain of 181 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 113, 270) QALYs and health care costs of NZ$ -606,000 (95%UI: -2,540,000, 907,000). The mean health care costs were negative, representing an overall savings to the health system and a likely cost-saving intervention. Across the outcomes examined in this study, the modeled mass media campaign to promote weight loss apps among the general population would be expected to provide higher per capita health gain for Māori and hence reduce health inequalities arising from high BMI. Conclusions A modeled mass media campaign to encourage the adoption of smartphone apps to promote weight loss among the NZ adult population is expected to yield an overall gain in health and to be cost-saving to the health system. While other interventions in the nutrition and physical activity space are even more beneficial to health and produce larger cost-savings (eg, fiscal policies, food reformulation), governments may choose to include strategies to promote health app usage as complementary measures.

Change through continuity:a quiet revolution in primary health care in New Zealand

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Ashton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Health System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Major Change ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Key Aspects

IN A RECENTLY PUBLISHED paper entitled Continuity through change: the rhetoric and reality of health reform in New Zealand, I and my co-authors Nick Mays and Nancy Devlin pointed out that, in spite of a series of major health sector reforms during the 1990s and early 2000s, some key aspects of the system have endured.1 Moreover, many incremental changes to existing processes and systems that occurred during the reform period have, arguably, been more important to improving the functioning and performance of the system than the more high level (and more visible) structural changes. Since that paper was written, many further changes have occurred in the organisation, funding and management of the New Zealand health system. However, in contrast to the 1990s, the focus now is on continuity and stability rather than on any need for further major change. Indeed, terms such as ?reform? or ?restructuring? have now all but vanished from any debate about health policy in New Zealand. Perhaps the reformers have learned that health system reform is akin to training for the Olympics. The whole process takes a fair bit of time and effort, and results are unlikely to be achieved in the short term. Further major reform is also not regarded as politically viable. As noted in an article in the New Zealand Herald just before the general election in September, there is ?. . . considerable public sensitivity over any whiff of restructuring in health?.2

scholarly journals Spiritual Nontroversies: Framing Conflicts and Controversies of Religion and Spirituality in Danish News Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Henrik Reintoft Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Health System ◽  
News Media ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
News Production ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Mass Media

This article analyzes two Danish news stories in order to discuss the reasons that spirituality seems to be less newsworthy than religion. Drawing on Anderson’s concept of imagined communities, and Luhmann’s account of the mass media in a modern functionally differentiated society, I argue that spirituality seldom registers as controversial in the news stories. It lacks the scale necessary to be selected as newsworthy. Additionally, it is not a natural source of systemic irritation for many subsystems, probably only for the systems of religion and science. The two cases involves media controversies on news production on mindfulness in the health system and on the use of animal telepathy in the majority church.

Maximising health gain within available resources in the New Zealand public health system

Health Policy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bohmer ◽  
Charles Pain ◽  
Alex Watt ◽  
Paul Abernethy ◽  
Janet Sceats
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Available Resources

E-HEALTH SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Ivita Bokiša
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Care System

In both Latvia and in many other countries, E-health is an already existing and functioning health care system that has also brought many problems and unclear answers to many issues of public interest. It is therefore urgent and important to look at the key features of this system and the specifics of the operation to determine how the existing situation can be rectified, which is not as brilliant as it was planned in the mass media and other sources. The research objective is to analyze the main steps of the E-health system, identify existing gaps, problems and offer concrete solutions. Research tasks include analyzing the concept of E-health; study the historical development of E-health; to consider the order of issuing the recipe.

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