DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE ON THE GROWTH OF LEAF AND STEM RUSTS OF WHEAT

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
Clayton Person ◽  
F. R. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Factors ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Detached Leaves

The effect of maleic hydrazide on leaf rust and stem rust of wheat was investigated, using intact plants supplied with maleic hydrazide through the roots, detached leaves floated on solutions of maleic hydrazide, and spores germinated on maleic hydrazide solutions in agar. In each case the growth of leaf rust was inhibited at concentrations of maleic hydrazide which had no effect on the growth of stem rust. Some resistant wheat varieties became susceptible to rust after treatments with levels of maleic hydrazide which were not inhibitory to rust development. In some experiments, leaf rust races reacted differentially to maleic hydrazide. Both nutritional and inhibitory factors could be involved in resistance and host–pathogen specificity.

scholarly journals The effect of wheat-rye translocation 1BL.1RS in a different quality genetic background on biological traits in wheat

Genetika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Dimitrijevic ◽  
Sofija Petrovic ◽  
Perry Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Wheat Varieties

A sample of 139 varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), predominantly Serbian winter wheat varieties originated in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, has been examined for presence of 1BL/1RS wheat-rye translocation. Two genotype groups consisted of varieties possessing and lacking the translocation have been compared. Stem rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew as well as, winter hardiness were studied. The influence of 1BL/1RS translocation was also studied in a light of wheat seed storage protein (glutenin and gliadin) genetic background composition. Genotypes having the translocation appeared to be more tolerant to stem rust, and leaf rust, but more susceptible to powdery mildew. These effects were slightly modified depending on the examined genetic background, but the effect of the rye 1RS translocated chromosome arm was the main cause for the observed differences.

SEEDLING REACTIONS OF WHEAT VARIETIES TO STEM RUST AND LEAF RUST AND OF OAT VARIETIES TO STEM RUST AND CROWN RUST

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (10) ◽  
pp. 489-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson ◽  
B. Peturson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
East Africa ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Physiologic Races

A study of the rust reactions of wheat varieties to 20 physiologic races of stem rust has shown that several varieties of the vulgare type, namely, McMurachy, Eureka, and several strains from Kenya, East Africa, are immune in the seedling stage at ordinary greenhouse temperatures (55° F. to 80° F. daily). This immunity largely disappears when the plants are kept at a constant high temperature (75° F. to 80° F.). Certain other varieties and hybrid strains were found rather highly resistant to eight physiologic races of leaf rust, but none of the vulgare varieties tested showed immunity or high resistance to both stem rust and leaf rust.Tests to determine the resistance of oat varieties to the physiologic races of oat stem rust and crown rust prevalent in Canada showed that four oat varieties derived from the cross Hajira × Joanette were resistant to all the physiologic races of oat stem rust used in the test, and that certain strains derived from the cross Victoria × (Hajira × Banner Sel. 524) were resistant to all but one of these races. The last mentioned strains and the varieties Victoria and Trispernia proved resistant to the nine races of crown rust to which they were tested.

ANTIBIOTIC P-9 IN THE CONTROL OF CEREAL RUSTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1725-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. F. Hagborg ◽  
W. S. Chelack ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Cereal Rusts ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Recurrent outbreaks of stem rust, Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn., following the widespread use of previously rust-resistant wheat varieties have emphasized the need of alternative means of rust control. A new antibiotic, P-9, available as yet only in impure form, has several properties that suggest its potential usefulness in the control of cereal rusts. It has systemic and eradicative action, is non-phytotoxic to the host crop at concentrations of a higher order than required for the control of cereal rusts, is probably non-zootoxic, and is highly water-soluble.In greenhouse tests P-9 arrested infection completely in leaf rust, P. recondita Rob. ex Desm., and in stem rust and it was apparently translocated more readily distally than proximally. In field plot tests in 1959 and 1960 it reduced rust infection and increased yield substantially.

RUST REACTIONS OF CHINESE WHEAT VARIETIES AND CERTAIN CANADIAN HYBRID STRAINS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Physiologic Races

About 160 Chinese spring wheats and a number of Chinese winter wheats were tested in the seedling stage in the greenhouse to determine their reaction to eight physiologic races of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Tritici) and to four physiologic races of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina). The spring wheats were also subjected, in the field, to epidemics of stem rust and leaf rust in which a large number of physiologic races of each rust were employed. The wheats were classified as one or another of the following species: Triticum vulgare, T. compactum, T. durum, and T. turgidum.By means of these tests, it has been demonstrated that the Chinese wheats are rather highly susceptible to the physiologic races of stem rust prevalent in North America. Many of the wheats showed, however, considerable resistance to leaf rust in both the greenhouse and the field tests. Varieties resistant to leaf rust were present in all of the four above-mentioned species.Seventy-five lines of Canadian spring wheat derived from a cross between Renown Selection, which is resistant to stem rust and moderately resistant to leaf rust, and Garnet, which in North America is resistant to stripe rust (Puccinia glumarum), were tested in the seedling stage in the greenhouse for their reaction to stripe rust. Two physiologic races (race 6 and race 13) were used in these tests. The same lines were subjected to rust epidemics in the field to determine their resistance to stem rust and leaf rust. Several of these lines were found to possess resistance to all three rusts. These lines may prove valuable breeding material in case it is desired to develop by breeding methods Chinese varieties resistant to all three of these rusts.

Resistance of Tangmai 4 wheat to powdery mildew, stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust and its chromosome composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Li ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
B. D. McCallum ◽  
X. M. Chen ◽  
H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L

The hard red winter wheat Tangmai 4 did not develop symptoms of infection following inoculation with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici E. Marchal) isolates from regions of western Canada and northern China. Tangmai 4 exhibited resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) and leaf rust (P. triticina Eriks.) races from western Canada. This wheat line was resistant to individual stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) races from the U.S. and Canada. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and electrophoretic analyses of high molecular weight glutenins and gliadins demonstrated that Tangmai 4 carried a pair of T1BL·1RS wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocated chromosomes. Since the genes located on T1BL·1RS are no longer effective in controlling powdery mildew and the rust diseases, Tangmai 4 must carry additional genes for resistance to these diseases, which makes it a valuable resource for the improvement of resistance in wheat against these diseases. Key words: T1BL·1RS translocation, disease resistance, sequential C-banding and GISH, glutenin, gliadin

Linkage and expression of genes for resistance to leaf rust and stem rust in triticale

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Singh ◽  
R. A. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Leaf rust resistance in five triticale cultivars was controlled by a single gene designated LrSatu. This gene was closely linked in coupling with the stem rust resistance gene SrSatu believed to be located on chromosome 3R. Approximately 50% of lines in the 17th International Triticale Screening Nursery possessed SrSatu and LrSatu. Lines carrying SrSatu and LrSatu occurred more frequently among complete than in substituted triticale lines.Key words: × Triticosecale Wittmack, P. graminis f.sp. tritici, P. recondita f.sp. tritici, leaf rust, stem rust, rust resistnace, genetic linkage.

scholarly journals Genetic structure analysis of leaf rust resistant triticale accessions from the VIR collection using gliadin patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
T. I. Peneva ◽  
N. M. Martynenko ◽  
E. Yu. Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Gliadin Patterns ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Ongoing Formation ◽  
Genotypic Structure

The gliadin banding patterns of important accessions from the collection of the N. I. Vavilov All‑Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) registered in the form of “protein formulas” provide reliable information for the preparation of a “protein passport” for each accession and is convenient for storage and computer processing. It helps to control originality and integrity of accessions during regeneration and their use in breeding. The study involved 17 triticale accessions resistant to leaf rust. The analysis was carried out on single grains of the original accession (a sample of 13–26 kernels) according to the standard protocol adopted by VIR and approved by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). The gliadin electrophoretic banding patterns of triticale accessions were registered in the form of “protein formulas”; polymorphism of each accession and genetic diversity within the collection were estimated, and genetic structure of accessions was identified based on the marker protein components. A large variety of the revealed genotypes opens a possibility to identify accessions that combine resistance with other useful traits. Stable and polymorphic accessions including from 2 to 7 biotypes were found. The discovery of interbiotype hybrids and recombinant genotypes in the composition of some polymorphic accessions indicates the instability of their genetic structure and the ongoing formation process. This is due to the heterogeneity of the original parental forms, the tendency to cross‑pollination and insufficiently thorough selection. The data on the triticale genotypic structure can be used in introgressive breeding to control the transfer of rye genetic material to wheat varieties in order to increase their immunity and resistance to adverse factors.

scholarly journals Virulence surveillance of wheat black stem rust fungus

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
The North ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Wheat Rust

General survey for wheat rust diseases in Iraqi fields was done during the seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. The survey covered different fields in southern, middle and northern regions. Results of the first season indicated that most of Iraqi cultivars such as Tmmoze2, IPA 99 and Mexipak showed different types of susceptibility to both yellow and leaf rust infection. Disease severity increased when the conditions were favorable for infections with using susceptible cultivars. The severity of leaf rust was less in the north region comparing with the middle and south regions. Most of the introduced cultivars such as Sham6 and Cimmyto showed susceptible reaction to yellow and leaf rust. Yellow rust was in epiphytotic form at the Iraqi-Syrian-Turkish triangle where the disease severity was 100%. Low disease severity of stem rust was observed on some cultivars (1-5%), except for the cultivar Mexipak which showed 40%S in Najaf. Rusts at season of 2011 were restricted mostly in Baghdad and the yellow rust was dominant. The AUDPC of 15 wheat cultivars showed that Sawa and Sali were highly susceptible to the three types of rusts while Babil113 and Tamoze2 were resistant. No rusts were detected at season 2012.

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