scholarly journals On the combustion heat originating in spin angular momentum that validates the chemical force theory of bonding

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 704-711
Author(s):  
R. Garth Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Spin Angular Momentum ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Free Atoms ◽  
Chemical Force

Heat generated in combustion reactions, when converted into a vectored force, provides the dynamics for thermodynamics. By combining enthalpy data measured calorimetrically with atomization enthalpies coming out of molecular spectroscopy, it is shown here that the heat liberated during typical hydrocarbon combustion is but the last 25% of the bond-forming potential energy with which free atoms are endowed. In short-lived free atoms, this potential energy is manifest as spin angular momentum. This study introduces a new per-atom theory of chemical bonding based on the chemical force law. Codified in this law is the fact that the intramolecule attractive force exerted by an atom upon its bonded neighbor is directly proportional to the free atom’s spin angular momentum and inversely proportional to the atom’s bonded radius. In the context of the other four fundamental forces maintaining structural integrity in material systems, the chemical force is a lot stronger than the gravitational force, stronger than the van der Waals force, weaker than the electromagnetic force, and a lot weaker than the nuclear strong force. Spin–orbit coupling in the heaviest transition metal atoms enhances the strength of the chemical force. The chemical force law successfully models per-atom chemical bond strengths throughout the periodic table. It also shows that a horizontal Newtonian force F = m(a) originates in atomic spin angular momentum.

Introduction of spin torques

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Giant Magnetoresistance ◽  
Spontaneous Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Magnetic Multilayers ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
Spin Angular Momentum ◽  
Spin Torques

This chapter discusses the spin-transfer effect, which is described as the transfer of the spin angular momentum between the conduction electrons and the magnetization of the ferromagnet that occurs due to the conservation of the spin angular momentum. L. Berger, who introduced the concept in 1984, considered the exchange interaction between the conduction electron and the localized magnetic moment, and predicted that a magnetic domain wall can be moved by flowing the spin current. The spin-transfer effect was brought into the limelight by the progress in microfabrication techniques and the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect in magnetic multilayers. Berger, at the same time, separately studied the spin-transfer torque in a system similar to Slonczewski’s magnetic multilayered system and predicted spontaneous magnetization precession.

A quasi-classical trajectory study of the reagent initial rotation quantum state effect on the reaction He + T2+ → HeT+ + T using an improved ab initio potential energy surface

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningjiu Zhao ◽  
Yufang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Potential Energy Surface ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
Rotational Quantum Number ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Classical Trajectory ◽  
Positive Direction

In this work, we employed the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method to study the vector correlations and the influence of the reagent initial rotational quantum number j for the reaction He + T2+ (v = 0, j = 0–3) → HeT+ + T on a new potential energy surface (PES). The PES was improved by Aquilanti co-workers (Chem. Phys. Lett. 2009. 469: 26–30). The polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs) and the distributions of P(θr), P([Formula: see text]r), and P(θr, [Formula: see text]r) are presented in this work. The plots of the PDDCSs provide us with abundant information about the distribution of the product angular momentum polarization. The P(θr) is used to describe the correlation between k (the relative velocity of the reagent) and j′ (the product rotational angular momentum). The distribution of dihedral angle P([Formula: see text]r) shows the k–k′–j′ (k′ refers to the relative velocity of the product) correlation. The PDDCS calculations illustrate that the product of this reaction is mainly backward scatter and it has the strongest polarization in the backward and sideways scattering directions. At the same time, the results of the P([Formula: see text]r) demonstrate that the product HeT+ tends to be oriented along the positive direction of the y axis and it tends to rotate right-handedly in planes parallel to the scattering plane. Moreover, the distribution of the P(θr) manifests that the product angular momentum is aligned along different directions relative to k. The direction of the product alignment may be perpendicular, opposite, or parallel to k. Moreover, our calculations are independent of the initial rotational quantum number.

Accretion of Mass and Spin Angular Momentum by a Planet on an Eccentric Orbit

Icarus ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J. Lissauer ◽  
Alice F. Berman ◽  
Yuval Greenzweig ◽  
David M. Kary
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Spin Angular Momentum ◽  
Eccentric Orbit

scholarly journals Relation Between Star Formation and Angular Momentum in Spiral Galaxies

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
L. Carrasco ◽  
A. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Spin Angular Momentum ◽  
Stellar Formation ◽  
The Galaxy

We derive the radial distribution of the specific angular momentum j=J/M, for the gas in M31, M51 and the galaxy, objects for which well observed unsmoothed rotation curves are available in the literature. We find the specific angular momentum to be anti-correlated with the present stellar formation rate, i.e. minima of spin angular momentum correspond to the loci of spiral arms. We find that the stellar formation rate is an inverse function of j. We derive new values of Oort's A constant for the arm and interarm regions in the solar neighborhood.

scholarly journals SPIN TILTS IN THE DOUBLE PULSAR REVEAL SUPERNOVA SPIN ANGULAR-MOMENTUM PRODUCTION

2011 ◽  
Vol 742 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will M. Farr ◽  
Kyle Kremer ◽  
Maxim Lyutikov ◽  
Vassiliki Kalogera
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Spin Angular Momentum

Bipolar-variant spin angular momentum and its evolution in a tight focusing process

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Zhen Gao ◽  
Jia-Hao Zhao ◽  
Meng-Shuai Wang ◽  
Jin-Jin Liu ◽  
Guang-Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Spin Angular Momentum ◽  
Tight Focusing

scholarly journals Dissipation of Spin Angular Momentum in Magnetic Switching

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stamm ◽  
I. Tudosa ◽  
H. C. Siegmann ◽  
J. Stöhr ◽  
A. Yu. Dobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Spin Angular Momentum ◽  
Magnetic Switching
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