NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AGAINST MOUSE-ADAPTED LANSING STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN THE SERA OF ACUTE AND CONVALESCENT CASES AND NORMAL INDIVIDUALS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
E. L. Barton ◽  
N. A. Labzoffsky ◽  
W. G. Ross ◽  
L. P. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
History Of

The present communication deals with a survey of neutralizing antibodies to mouse-adapted Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in the sera of acute, convalescent, and normal individuals during a 1946 epidemic. Two-phase sera were obtained from residents of Ontario and British Columbia and convalescent and normal sera from Quebec. In the sera of 17 out of 35 Ontario patients neutralizing antibodies were demonstrable during the acute stage. In four of these seropositive individuals, there was an increase in the neutralizing titer during convalescence and in three patients there was a notable drop in the titer. The remaining 18 patients were found to be seronegative during both the acute and convalescent stages. Sera from six out of nine British Columbia patients, likewise contained neutralizing antibodies to the Lansing strain of virus during the acute stage. In four of these the titer remained unchanged during convalescence, in one the titer decreased, and another patient became seronegative. Of the remaining three, two continued to be seronegative and one became seropositive during convalescence. Positive neutralization reactions were obtained with 17 out of 44 convalescent sera from Ontario and 62 out of 146 convalescent sera from Quebec Sera from 51 children without history of poliomyelitis and 100 adult sera taken at random from specimens submitted for Wassermann tests were obtained from Quebec. Of the children's sera 43%, and of the adults’, 48%, contained neutralizing antibodies. The results obtained closely agree with those reported by American workers.

STUDIES OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HERPES SIMPLEX INFECTIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-610
Author(s):  
G. JOHN BUDDINGH ◽  
DAVID I. SCHRUM ◽  
JAMES C. LANIER ◽  
D. JOSEPH GUIDRY
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simplex Virus

In a detailed study of 12 individuals with primary herpetic stomatitis the virus was recovered from the mouth and stools during the acute stage, convalescence, and for varying periods of time thereafter. The average time period during which virus could be recovered from these sources was 23 days after the onset of the disease. Virus could not be recovered from the blood or spinal fluid, but patients were not available for study before the third day of the disease. Neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex were first demonstrated in the serum from the fourth to seventh day of the disease. The antibodies attained a maximum level during the second or third week. Considerable differences in individual antibody levels were noted. The maximum antibody concentration was not maintained and dropped to relatively low levels over varying periods of time in each patient studied. Herpes simplex virus was recovered from the mouths of many individuals presenting no clinical evidence of herpetic infection. The virus was recovered from 7% of 571 normal individuals of various ages. It was recovered from 1 infant out of 97 under 6 months of age, from 20% of 72 children of 7 months to 2 years, from 9% of 199 children 3 to 14 years of age and from 2.5% of the 185 adults. The incidence of normal carriers was found to be highest (26%) in Negro children in the 7 months to 2 year age group. Neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in the serum of 43% of white and 71.4% of Negro children in the 7 month to 2 year age group. The serum of 84.7% of white and 86% of Negro children in the 3 to 14 year age group contained antibodies to herpes. In adults 90% of white and 96% of Negro individuals had antibodies to herpes in the serum. Natural active immunity appears to be established at an earlier age in the segments of the population in which the highest carrier rate was demonstrated. Neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in the serum of 76% of white infants and in 90% of Negro infants 6 months of age and under. The placental transmission of neutralizing antibodies was demonstrated. Approximately the same level of antibody was found to be present in the maternal serum and in the serum obtained from the placenta.

scholarly journals THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert B. Sabin ◽  
Robert Ward
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Oral Secretions ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nasal Secretions

Studies on the elimination of virus in human paralytic poliomyelitis during the first 2 weeks of the disease, revealed the following:— 1. The nasal (not nasopharyngeal) secretions collected from 22 patients on cotton plugs over a period of 3 days and the saliva and oral secretions expectorated during a similar period by 20 patients failed to yield virus. 2. In 10 of the patients whose secretions (nasal, oral, or both) were investigated, virus was isolated from single specimens of the lower intestinal contents. 3. No virus was found in large amounts of urine (up to 200 cc.) obtained from 12 patients, 6 of whom had paralysis of the bladder. 4. In the present tests virus was found 4 times more often in the stools of patients under 8 years of age (64 per cent of 11 cases) than in older individuals (17 per cent of 12 cases). This difference was found to obtain when our data were combined with those which could justifiably be selected from the literature, the total figures indicating that virus has been isolated from 50 per cent of 58 children under 8 years of age and from 12 per cent of 60 older individuals. 5. No support was found for the hypothesis that poliomyelitis virus in the stools originates from swallowed nasal secretions and saliva or oral secretions.

scholarly journals Evidence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats living with owners with a history of COVID-19 in Lima – Peru

One Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100318
Author(s):  
Luis M. Jara ◽  
Cusi Ferradas ◽  
Francesca Schiaffino ◽  
Camila Sánchez-Carrión ◽  
Ana Martinez-Vela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Neoglacial history of Robson Glacier, British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Luckman ◽  
M.H. Masiokas ◽  
K. Nicolussi
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Glacier Advance

As glaciers in the Canadian Rockies recede, glacier forefields continue to yield subfossil wood from sites overridden by these glaciers during the Holocene. Robson Glacier in British Columbia formerly extended below tree line, and recession over the last century has progressively revealed a number of buried forest sites that are providing one of the more complete records of glacier history in the Canadian Rockies during the latter half of the Holocene. The glacier was advancing ca. 5.5 km upvalley of the Little Ice Age terminus ca. 5.26 cal ka BP, at sites ca. 2 km upvalley ca. 4.02 cal ka BP and ca. 3.55 cal ka BP, and 0.5–1 km upvalley between 1140 and 1350 A.D. There is also limited evidence based on detrital wood of an additional period of glacier advance ca. 3.24 cal ka BP. This record is more similar to glacier histories further west in British Columbia than elsewhere in the Rockies and provides the first evidence for a post-Hypsithermal glacier advance at ca. 5.26 cal ka BP in the Rockies. The utilization of the wiggle-matching approach using multiple 14C dates from sample locations determined by dendrochronological analyses enabled the recognition of 14C outliers and an increase in the precision and accuracy of the dating of glacier advances.

The significance of the boundary between the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations on Holy Island, North Wales, to the deformation history of Anglesey

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK E. TREAGUS ◽  
SUSAN H. TREAGUS ◽  
NIGEL H. WOODCOCK
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
High Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deformation History ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Phase Deformation ◽  
North Wales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tectonic Features

AbstractThe boundary between the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations on Holy Island, Anglesey, has been described as a high strain zone or as a thrust. The boundary is here described at four localities, with reference to the contrasting sedimentary and deformational character of the two formations. At one of these localities, Borth Wen, sandstones and conglomerates at the top of the Rhoscolyn Formation are followed, without any break, by tuffs and then mudstones of the New Harbour Formation. It is concluded that there is clear evidence of depositional continuity across the boundary here, and that both formations subsequently shared a common two-phase deformation. The first (D1) was manifestly different in intensity and scale in the two formations, whereas the second (D2) produced very similar structures in both. The other three localities provide continuity of sedimentary and tectonic features at this boundary in a traverse along the length of Holy Island, leading us to identify two previously unrecognized major D1 folds in addition to the Rhoscolyn Anticline. At one of these localities (Holyhead), we confirm the presence of Skolithos just below the boundary, supporting radiometric evidence for a lower Cambrian or later age for the Rhoscolyn Formation. A turbidite interpretation for both the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations best fits the available evidence. A deep-water depositional environment is still compatible with the sporadic presence of Skolithos burrows, but less so with reported observations of hummocky and swaley cross-stratification lower down the South Stack Group.

Carboniferous-Triassic gastropod diversity patterns and the Permo-Triassic mass extinction

Paleobiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

Paleozoic and post-Paleozoic marine faunas are strikingly different in composition. Paleozoic marine gastropods may be divided into archaic and modern groups based on taxonomic composition, ecological role, and morphology. Paleozoic assemblages were dominated by pleurotomariids (Eotomariidae and Phymatopleuridae), the Pseudozygopleuridae, and, to a lesser extent, the Euomphalidae, while Triassic assemblages were dominated by the Trochiina, Amberleyacea, and new groups of Loxonematoidea and Pleurotomariina. Several new groups of caenogastropods appeared as well. Yet the importance of the end-Permian mass extinction in generating these changes has been questioned. As part of a study of the diversity history of upper Paleozoic and Triassic gastropods, to test the extent to which taxonomic and morphologic trends established in the late Paleozoic are continued after the extinction, and to determine the patterns of selectivity operating during the extinction, I assembled generic and morphologic diversity data for 396 genera in 75 families from the Famennian through the Norian stages. Within this interval, gastropod genera underwent an adaptive radiation during the Visean and Namurian, largely of pleurotomariids, a subsequent period of dynamic stability through the Leonardian, a broad-based decline during the end-Permian mass extinction, and a two-phase post-extinction rebound during the Triassic. The patterns of generic diversity within superfamily-level clades were analyzed using Q-mode factor analysis and detrended correspondence analysis.The results demonstrate that taxonomic affinity, previous clade history, generic age, and gross morphology did not determine survival probability of genera during the end-Permian extinction, with the exception of the bellerophontids, nor did increasing diversity within clades or expansion of particular morphologies prior to the extinction facilitate survival during the extinction or success after it. The pleurotomariids diversified during the Lower Permian, but were heavily hit by the extinction. Similarly, trochiform and turriculate morphologies, among those which Vermeij (1987) has identified as having increased predation resistance, were expanding in the late Paleozoic, but suffered similar extinction rates to other nondiversifying clades. Survival was a consequence of broad geographic and environmental distribution, as was the case during background periods.

Patterns and history of prescription drug use among opioid-related drug overdose cases in British Columbia, Canada, 2015–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Smolina ◽  
Alexis Crabtree ◽  
Mei Chong ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Mina Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Related Drug
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