Erratum: A statistical model for in-season forecasts of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returns to the Bristol Bay districts of Alaska

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2423
Author(s):  
Saang-Yoon Hyun ◽  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
James J Anderson ◽  
Billy Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Bristol Bay

Selective predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos) foraging on spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T Ruggerone ◽  
Renn Hanson ◽  
Donald E Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Salmon Population

Selective predation by and predation rates of brown bears (Ursus arctos) foraging on spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in a small shallow creek in the Wood River lake system near Bristol Bay, Alaska, were quantified during 1986 and 1990–1992. Bears killed a high proportion of spawning salmon when few salmon entered the creek (92% of 505 fish) and a much smaller proportion when the spawning population reached a historical high (16% of 15 631 fish). Selective predation on salmon that differed in length, sex, and spawning condition was measured by tagging salmon at the mouth of the creek immediately prior to upstream migration and then recovering dead tagged fish during daily surveys of the entire creek. The relative frequencies of large, medium-sized, and small salmon killed by bears indicated that the risk of predation was more than 150% greater for large than for small salmon. A higher proportion of the male salmon population was killed and a greater proportion of male bodies were consumed than female salmon. Selectivity for male salmon increased as the spawning season progressed, possibly because male salmon weakened earlier and lived longer in a weakened state than female salmon. Male salmon were attacked mostly along the dorsal hump area, whereas female salmon tended to be attacked along the abdomen, where eggs could be exposed. Bears selectively killed female salmon prior to spawning during 1 of the 3 years, but only 6.1–7.8% of the female spawning populations were killed prior to spawning. These data support the hypothesis that selective predation by bears may influence the body morphology of spawning salmon.

A hierarchical model for salmon run reconstruction and application to the Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fishery

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1564-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Flynn ◽  
André E Punt ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Process Error ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
River Test ◽  
Run Timing

The goal of spreading the annual catch of a Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) run proportionally across all segments of the migration is rendered difficult or impossible because of the interannual variability in both run size and run timing. This problem is particularly acute in the case of the fishery for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Bristol Bay, Alaska, for which traditional run reconstruction models are not applicable because of the extreme temporal compression of the run. We develop a run reconstruction model appropriate for sockeye salmon in Bristol Bay by accounting for the hierarchical structure of the problem and by including process error. Our results indicate that the hierarchical structure is, in fact, not necessary, whereas the process error parameters are needed to fit the data. We suggest further model development without the hierarchical structure, including incorporating in-river test fishing data. The results of our method can be used to address questions regarding environmental or intrinsic drivers of run timing and the possibility of artificial selection on run timing.

Patterns of Interannual Variation in Age at Maturity of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Alaska and British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1595-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

Interannual variations in mean age of maturity tend to be positively correlated among 10 stocks of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) which spawn in rivers emptying into Bristol Bay, Alaska. Taking a comparative approach, I utilized data from British Columbia and Alaska sockeye stocks with different life histories to test alternative hypotheses about sources of these variations in mean age at maturity. The hypotheses included freshwater environment, marine environment, and parental influences. Freshwater hypotheses were rejected and while some parental effects do exist, they are small compared with the effect of events in early marine life. Early marine growth rate data do not exist for these stocks but evidence from five other sockeye stocks shows that fast growth during this period tends to lead to earlier age at maturity.

Cross Correlations Between Reconstructed Ocean Abundances of Bristol Bay and British Columbia Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1814-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman ◽  
Fred Y. C Wong
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Cross Correlations

Anecdotal reports of a tendency for British Columbia sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to be low when Bristol Bay, Alaska, returns are high prompted a reconstruction of minimum abundances of sockeye resident in the Gulf of Alaska each year from the early 1950s to mid-1970s. This backwards reconstruction using Fry's virtual population analysis was done by using catch, escapement, and age structure data for each area in British Columbia and Bristol Bay. Use of more sophisticated backwards reconstruction methods was precluded by lack of age-specific annual survival rates by stock. Ocean abundances of British Columbia and Bristol Bay sockeye show significant autocorrelations at periods consistent with the cyclic dominant patterns of their largest stocks. Cross correlations at lag 0 between ocean abundances of various ages of fish from these two regions show one case of a significant inverse relation in abundances. In addition, there are significant cross correlations between British Columbia and Bristol Bay ocean abundances at various time lags, showing that cycles in their abundances are out of synchrony. This lack of synchrony persisted longer than would be expected from cyclic dominance patterns and age at maturity of British Columbia and Bristol Bay sockeye, and several alternative explanations of this asynchrony are discussed.

Use of the Kalman filter to reconstruct historical trends in productivity of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Brice W MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Better Than

Fisheries scientists and managers are concerned about potential long-term, persistent changes in productivity of fish stocks that might result from future climatic changes or other alterations in aquatic systems. However, because of large natural variability and measurement error in fisheries data, such changes are usually difficult to detect until long after they occur. Previous research using numerous Monte Carlo simulation trials showed that a Kalman filter performed better than standard estimation techniques in detecting such trends in a timely manner. Therefore, we used historical data along with a Kalman filter that included a time-varying Ricker a parameter to reconstruct changes in productivity (recruits per spawner at a given spawner abundance) of eight Bristol Bay, Alaska, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks over the past 40 years. Productivity generally increased for most stocks but varied widely for others and dramatically decreased in another. Such large changes in productivity are important for management. They greatly affected optimal spawner abundances and optimal exploitation rates, suggesting that in the future, scientists should consider using models with time-varying productivity parameters.

Variants of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Sera of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Hodgins ◽  
W. E. Ames ◽  
F. M. Utter
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ldh Isozymes

Three phenotypes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes were found in sera of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), presumably representing B′B′, B′B, and BB genotypes. No association was obvious between LDH phenotype of sera and sex or total body length.Of 1006 sera from Asian, Bristol Bay, and Gulf of Alaska stocks, 826 were B′B′ and 180 were B′B or BB. Of 591 sera from Washington and British Columbia stocks, 589 were B′B′ and 2 were B′B; both of the B-allele phenotypes were found in fish captured at the Skeena River in northern British Columbia. These findings suggested that LDH isozymes should be useful in studies on ocean distribution of sockeye salmon and in characterizing certain Asian and Alaskan sockeye salmon populations.

A statistical model for in-season forecasts of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returns to the Bristol Bay districts of Alaska

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1665-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saang-Yoon Hyun ◽  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
James J Anderson ◽  
Billy Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Information Sets ◽  
Information Set ◽  
Fishery Data ◽  
Highest Posterior Density ◽  
Return Data

We developed a model for in-season age-specific forecasts of salmon returns using preseason return forecasts, age composition of in-season returns, cumulative in-season returns by fishing district, and age composition and an index of abundance from an in-season test fishery. We apply this method to the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fishery in the Bristol Bay districts of Alaska. The model generates point estimates and Bayesian probability distributions for return numbers by age and river, and it provides an integrated framework for including all of the major data sources currently used in in-season forecasting. We evaluated model performance using early-season data from 1999–2001 and compared the effects of four information sets on forecast accuracy. The four information sets were as follows: I, district-specific inshore return data; II, inshore return data and test fishery data; III, inshore return data and preseason forecasts; IV, inshore return data, test fishery data, and preseason forecasts. Forecasts from information sets II, III, and IV were less biased than those from information set I. However, in terms of the forecast interval, forecasts from information set II were best because the 95% highest posterior density regions of forecasts from information set II covered the actual returns most frequently.

Patterns of covariation in survival rates of British Columbian and Alaskan sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503-2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Michael F Lapointe ◽  
Milo D Adkison ◽  
Carl J Walters
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Basin Scale

We used a multi-stock comparison to identify spatial and temporal characteristics of environmentally driven sources of variability across four decades in the productivity of 29 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks from British Columbia (B.C.) and Alaska. We examined patterns of covariation among indices of survival rate (residuals from the best-fit stock-recruitment curve) and found positive covariation among Fraser River sockeye stocks (southern B.C.) and, to a greater extent, among Bristol Bay stocks (western Alaska) but no evidence of covariation between these two regions or with stocks of other regions in B.C. and Alaska. This indicates that important environmental processes affecting variation in sockeye survival rate from spawners to recruits operate at regional spatial scales, rather than at the larger, ocean-basin scale. The observed covariation in survival rates of Bristol Bay stocks appears to be due to a combination of both freshwater and, to a greater degree, marine processes. Bristol Bay sockeye stocks showed a dramatic and persistent increase in survival rates coinciding with the abrupt changes in the North Pacific environment in the mid-1970s; however, there was little evidence of a similar response for Fraser River stocks.

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