Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Control — Where to From Here? Report of the SLIS Control Theory Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2175-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Lamsa ◽  
C. M. Rovainen ◽  
D. P. Kolenosky ◽  
L. H. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control with selective toxicants has reduced sea lamprey abundance in the Great Lakes to levels which permit survival of desirable fish species, but development of alternate and supplemental control methods is essential since chemicals cannot be used indefinitely. The Task Force addressed hypotheses which relate to regulation of sea lamprey numbers during different life history stages and why sea lampreys appear to affect fish stocks differently in various bodies of water. Examination of the information about the various factors that control sea lamprey abundance, both natural and man-made, permitted the Task Force to develop several hypotheses and to indicate areas where additional emphasis or research could produce new or supplementary control methods. Efforts to develop an integrated program of sea lamprey control should be accelerated by development of present promising areas as well as expansion in new directions. Sea lampreys when compared with teleosts exhibit many features of a prototype vertebrate and some unique specializations. Physiological, biochemical, or behavioral differences between lampreys and teleosts may be exploitable for developing control techniques specific to sea lampreys.Key words: sea lamprey, Great Lakes, population control, barrier dams, integrated pest management, buffer species, physiology, teleosts

Interactions between Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and their Forage Base. A Report from the SUS Stock Effects Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Finger Lakes ◽  
Forage Base

A task force of participants convened during the course of the Sea Lamprey International Symposium considered the implications, for management of Great Lakes fisheries, of information provided about known interactions between feeding sea lampreys and the stocks of fish on which they prey. A weighted series of recommendations identified the need for more information or for changes in management practice.Key words: sea lamprey, Great Lakes, Finger Lakes, fishery management, stock concept

Classification of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Attack Marks on Great Lakes Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1989-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett Louis King Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Criteria for the classification of marks inflicted by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) into nine categories were developed from laboratory studies in an attempt to refine the classification system used in field assessment work. These criteria were based on characteristics of the attachment site that could be identified under field conditions by unaided visual means and by touching the attachment site. Healing of these marks was somewhat variable and was influenced by the size of lamprey, duration of attachment, severity of the wound at lamprey detachment, season and water temperature, and by other less obvious factors. Even under laboratory conditions staging of some wounds was difficult, especially at low water temperatures. If these criteria are to be used effectively and with precision in the field, close examination of individual fish may be required. If the feeding and density of specific year-classes of sea lampreys are to be accurately assessed on an annual basis, close attention to the wound size (as it reflects the size of the lamprey's oral disc) and character of wounds on fish will be required as well as consideration of the season of the year in which they are observed.Key words: sea lamprey, attack marks, lake trout, Great Lakes

Olfactory-mediated stream-finding behavior of migratory adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance A. Vrieze ◽  
Roger A. Bergstedt ◽  
Peter W. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
River Water ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Novel Strategy

Stream-finding behavior of adult sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ), an anadromous fish that relies on pheromones to locate spawning streams, was documented in the vicinity of an important spawning river in the Great Lakes. Untreated and anosmic migrating sea lampreys were implanted with acoustic transmitters and then released outside the Ocqueoc River. Lampreys swam only at night and then actively. When outside of the river plume, lampreys pursued relatively straight bearings parallel to the shoreline while making frequent vertical excursions. In contrast, when within the plume, lampreys made large turns and exhibited a weak bias towards the river mouth, which one-third of them entered. The behavior of anosmic lampreys resembled that of untreated lampreys outside of the plume, except they pursued a more northerly compass bearing. To locate streams, sea lampreys appear to employ a three-phase odor-mediated strategy that involves an initial search along shorelines while casting vertically, followed by river-water-induced turning that brings them close to the river’s mouth, which they then enter using rheotaxis. This novel strategy differs from that of salmonids and appears to offer this poor swimmer adaptive flexibility and suggests ways that pheromonal odors might be used to manage this invasive species.

Effects of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Control in the Great Lakes on Aquatic Plants, Invertebrates, and Amphibians

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1895-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Gllderhus ◽  
B. G. H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Sea Lampreys

The chemicals 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) or a combination of TFM and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) have been used to control the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes for about 20 yr. These chemicals cause some mortalities of Oligochaeta and Hirudinea, immature forms of Ephemeroptera (Hexagenia sp.), and certain Trichoptera, Simuliidae, and Amphibia (Necturus sp.). The combination of TFM and Bayer 73 may affect some Pelecypoda and Gastropoda, but its overall effects on invertebrates are probably less than those of TFM alone. Granular Bayer 73 is likely to induce mortalities among oligochaetes, microcrustaceans, chironomids, and pelecypods. No evidence exists that the lampricides have caused the catastrophic decline or disappearance of any species. The overall impact of chemical control of sea lampreys on aquatic communities has been minor compared with the benefits derived.Key words: sea lamprey control, Great Lakes, TFM, Bayer 73, aquatic plants, invertebrates, amphibians

A deathly odor suggests a new sustainable tool for controlling a costly invasive species

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael Wagner ◽  
Eric M. Stroud ◽  
Trevor D. Meckley
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Here we confirm a long-standing anecdotal observation; the sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) actively avoids the odor emitted by decaying conspecifics. We extracted the semiochemical mixture produced by the putrefying carcasses of sea lampreys via Soxhlet extraction in ethanol and exposed groups of 10 migratory-phase lampreys to either the putrefaction extract (N = 8) or an ethanol control (N = 8) in a laboratory raceway. Sea lampreys rapidly avoided the putrefaction odor while exhibiting no response to the ethanol control. This response was elicited with a diluted mixture (1:373 000) and was maintained for 40 min (the duration of exposure), after which the lampreys quickly returned to their nominal distribution. The ease with which this odor is obtained, and the rapid and consistent behavioral response, suggests the substance will prove useful as a repellent in the sea lamprey control program carried out in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

Effects of Temperature on Metamorphosis and the Age and Length at Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1827-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Intermediate Rate

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) ammocoetes of known age were confined in three locations to determine the effects of temperature on the incidence of metamorphosis. Sixty ammocoetes were held in each of Lake Superior, the Big Garlic River, and in an aquarium at room temperature for each of 4 yr. The highest incidence of metamorphosis (75–100%) occurred at 20–21 °C (aquarium), an intermediate rate (46–76%) at 14–16 °C (Big Garlic River), and the lowest (5–10%) at 7–11 °C (Lake Superior). Density appeared to be the dominant factor in regulating the length of larval and transformed sea lampreys. Mean lengths of larval and transformed sea lampreys increased markedly after stream treatments with selective lampricides. Prediction of lengths at which metamorphosis occurs in re-established populations of sea lampreys is uncertain because of variability in growth rates. Initial metamorphosis in a year-class is dependent on growth rates of ammocoetes. Because of wide variation in growth rates, metamorphosis may begin at age III among fast-growing populations and not until age VII among slow-growing populations.Key words: Petromyzon marinus, sea lamprey; metamorphosis, age, length, Great Lakes

PARASITE FAUNA OF THE SEA LAMPREY (PETROMYZON MARINUS VON LINNÉ) IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Wilson ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
First Time

Seven hundred and fifteen adult sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus von Linné) from four streams tributary to Lake Huron and five offshore samples from the Manitoulin Island – Bruce Peninsula area, were examined for parasites.Dissection and microscopic examination revealed the presence of eight parasite species. Cucullanus stelmioides Vessichelli, 1910 is recorded for the first time both as a parasite of P. marinus and from North American waters. Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson, 1911, Anodontoides ferussacianus Lea. 1834, Diplostomum huronense (La Rue 1927), Plagioporus lepomis Dobrovolny, 1939 are all recorded for the first time as parasites of P. marinus. Echinorhynchus salmonis Müller, 1784, Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868, and Proteocephalus sp. are redescribed as parasites of the sea lamprey.

Changes in Spawning Runs of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Selected Streams of Lake Superior after Chemical Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1851-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Moore ◽  
L. P. Schleen
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Spawning Run

During lampricide treatment of a stream, sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, that will constitute the spawning run the following spring inhabit the Great Lakes and are not affected by the treatment. However, the number of adults captured at electrical barriers declined as much as 99% in some streams 1 year after chemical treatment. Large declines of adults were noted in streams which were treated late in the year. Streams in which significant populations of larval lampreys survived the chemical treatment, or contained lentic populations, continued to attract adults. Adult sea lampreys could be attracted to sea lamprey ammocoetes in streams or in offshore areas and hence use this as one of a number of clues to determine rivers suitable for spawning.Key words: sea lamprey, olfaction, orientation/homing, spawning migration, habitat alteration (chemical), Petromyzon marinus, lampricides

Assessment of Lamprey and Fish Stocks in the Great Lakes in Relation to Control of the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): Report from the SLIS Assessment Measurements Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2197-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Maitland
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Nontarget Organisms ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
The Impact

Available and potential methodology for assessing lamprey and prey fish populations is related to existing and future requirements of the sea lamprey control program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC). For lamprey, we recommend that the classification of Great Lakes tributaries according to their potential for larval production and the quality of lamprey attack data should be improved and standardized; standardized collections of spawning run adults should be continued; research should be encouraged on attractants and repellents, a male sterilization program, and the biology of parasitic phase animals. For fish, we recommend that more emphasis be given to the precision and standardization of estimates to allow better comparison between places and years, and the assessment of fish stocks other than major prey species; the GLFC support an evaluation program of an important prey species; and that other assessment methods (e.g. acoustic; counts of entrained fish) be explored. Because lamprey control is a long-term process that may span periods of environmental change, monitoring of physical, chemical, and biotic factors should be encouraged. Research on the impact of lampricides on nontarget organisms should be expanded. We also discuss and offer suggestions on the future of sea lamprey control.Key words: stock assessment, fishery surveys, methodology, populations control, proposed research

Factors Influencing the Distribution of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1811-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Morman ◽  
D. W. Cuddy ◽  
P. C. Rugen
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Host Fishes ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Parasitic Phase

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is widely distributed in the Great Lakes but it is absent from or scarce in large parts of the watershed. Since 1957, larval sea lampreys have been detected in only 433 (7.5%) of the 5747 streams in the Great Lakes basin. Parasitic-phase sea lampreys range throughout the lakes, wherever suitable host fishes occur, but probably do not inhabit the western and central basins of Lake Erie to any great extent during summer. Many environmental conditions influence the distribution of sea lampreys. Streamflow and water temperature are of major importance in attracting spawning runs to streams. The dispersal of spawning adults within streams is influenced mainly by blockages, water temperature, current, bottom type, and the presence of inland lakes. Water temperature is probably the most important factor affecting the development and survival of embryos. The distribution of larval lampreys is limited primarily by barriers that block adult spawning runs, warm temperatures, low and unstable flows, hard stream bottom, and pollution; nonetheless, larvae have been found in a wide range of habitats exhibiting these conditions. Interconnecting waterways and attachment to fishes and boats are considered major factors in the lake movements of parasitic-phase lampreys.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; Great Lakes, geographic distribution, influences, movement, spawning, larvae, parasitic, control

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