C-banding at meiosis as a means of assessing chromosome affinities in the Triticeae

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hutchinson ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

The meiotic chromosome pairing of one 'Chinese Spring' wheat aneuhaploid (3AL) and two 'Chinese Spring' aneuploid × rye hybrids (N3A-T3B and N5B-T5D × rye) were studied. These genotypes all display higher than normal levels of pairing which were analysed with the aid of the technique of C-banding. The results show that the pattern of pairing is neither random nor of an unrestricted homoeologous nature. Pairing is more frequent between unhanded (A and D genome) chromosomes, than between either unhanded (A or D genome) and banded (B or R genome) chromosomes, or between banded (B and R genome) chromosomes.

Segregation in the pollen of F2 rye (Secale cereale) plants for induction of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids with wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Pollen Plants ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

An attempt was made to determine the inheritance of the rye genes which induce high chiasma frequency in hybrids with wheat and to study if the ability of rye to induce partial amphiploidy in hybrids with wheat was heritable. Five to eight F2 pollen plants were derived from seeds taken from each of three F1 plants that had given high chiasma frequency in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Similarly, six to seven F2 pollen plants were derived from each of three F1 plants that had given partial amphiploids in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Chiasma frequency was studied in 127 hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat. In the present study, significant differences in chiasma frequency were observed (i) among the 38 families represented by 127 plants, and (ii) between two groups of three sets each, one known for inducing high pairing and the other known for inducing partial amphiploidy associated with low pairing in wheat × F1 rye plants. Significant variation was also observed between families within sets (each originated from one F1 rye plant) suggesting that F2 rye plants derived from the same F1 plants also differed genetically for inducing heterogenetic (homoeologous) pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. One of the six sets particularly showed significantly higher pairing with a mean of 2.13 per cell (individual hybrids gave a chiasma frequency as high as a mean of 6.07 per cell) as against a range of 0.96 to 1.18 in the remaining five sets, suggesting accumulation of genes in F2 rye plants for inducing pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. It is expected that by intermating the segregating rye plants, it should be possible to accumulate genes and eventually to isolate homozygous lines inducing high pairing in hybrids with wheat. Contrary to expectation, no partial amphiploids were obtained in a study of 127 wheat × F2 rye hybrids, although three of the six F1 rye plants had earlier given partial amphiploids in wheat × F1 rye hybrids. Key words: intergeneric hybrids, wheat, rye, genetic control, chromosome pairing.

Partial amphiploids from wheat (Triticum aestivum) × rye (Secale cereale) crosses

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

Two groups of three-way hybrids were produced by crossing F1 hybrids of 'Petkus' × 'Prolific' rye (2n = 14) and 'Prolific' × 'Puma' rye (2n = 14) onto 'Chinese Spring' wheat (2n = 42). Meiosis was studied in 89 plants from 29 families from the first combination and in 36 plants from 11 families in the second cross. In three families from the first combination ('Petkus' × 'Prolific') five partial amphiploids with chromosome numbers of 2n = 35, 36, 36, 38, and 41 were identified. The mean bivalent frequencies in five hybrids were 6.71, 7.73, 8.10, 9.94, and 13.00, suggesting that the number of bivalents was generally equal to the number of chromosomes in excess of the expected chromosome number of 2n = 28. These five plants were partial or incomplete amphiploids and their origin was attributed to duplication of a portion of the wheat complement after fertilization.Key words: partial amphiploids, hybrids (intergeneric), Triticum, Secale, chromosome pairing.

Meiotic duration in wheat genotypes with or without homoeologous meiotic chromosome pairing

1974 ◽  
Vol 187 (1087) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

In order to investigate the possible relation between meiotic time and meiotic chromosome pairing behaviour, meiosis was timed in various forms of wheat and wheat hybrids. First, meiosis was timed in ten Triticum aestivum (var. Chinese Spring) genotypes with different chromosome constitutions which differed widely in the meiotic pairing behaviour. Secondly, in order to escape from the disadvantage of aneuploid material, meiosis was also timed in plants which differed in the extent of homoeologous pairing because of the activities of different alleles at one or two loci. For this experiment use was made of F 1 -hybrids from the cross T. aestivum x Aegilops mutica which, although they all have 28 chromosomes, differ widely in the amount of homoeologous pairing. Thirdly, meiosis was also timed in 28-chromosome and 29-chromosome plants derived from the cross between rye (Secale cereale) x 43-chromosome T. aestivum containing a single Ae. mutica addition chromosome known to carry genes which greatly affect the level of homoeologous pairing in wheat. Although the 28-chromosome plants display very little pairing (chiasma frequency per cell (c. f.) = 0.5) while 29-chromosome plants display a much higher amount of pairing (c. f. = 7.8) no difference in meiotic time was detected between them. Similarly, the duration of meiosis was not significantly different between the three types of F 1 -hybrids between T. aestivum x Ae. mutica which had chiasma frequencies of 14.3, 7.4 and 0.9. Thus, these results agree in showing that there was no correlation between the duration of meiosis and the amount of homoeologous chromosome pairing. The results obtained for genotypes of Chinese Spring also provided no evidence to support the notion that there is a relation between the level of chromosome pairing and the duration of the pairing process. Consequently some doubt must be cast upon the idea that the time available for pairing is limiting to the pairing process. It was shown that individual wheat chromosomes in Chinese Spring differed in their effects on meiotic duration. For instance, the absence of chromosome 7B has no detectable effect on meiotic duration. The absence of chromosome 5B in two genotypes resulted in an increase in meiotic time from that found in euploid plants (24 h) to that found in tetraploid wheat species (about 30 h). By using plants ditelosomic for chromosome 5B L it was shown that most, if not all, of the genetic effects of chromosome 5B on meiotic time are determined by the short arm.

scholarly journals Aneuhaploids in bread wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Miller ◽  
Victor Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

SUMMARYEuploid and aneuploid plants of Triticum aestivum, variety Chinese Spring were pollinated with, pollen of Hordeum bulbosum. Euhaploids and aneuhaploids of Chinese Spring were obtained from the crosses. Meiotic chromosome pairing was analysed in 25 different aneuhaploids and the results were compared with those obtained from euhaploids. The evidence provided by the meiotic studies was used to identify chromosomes whose activities affected the genetic control of chromosome pairing.Meiosis was abnormal in a 23-chromosome aneuhaploid and in the 22-chromosome sectors of a chimaeral plant. Both plants were thought to have resulted from the incomplete elimination of the genome of H. bulbosum from hybrid embryos. It is suggested that the meiotic abnormalities in the two aneuhaploids were caused by the residual barley chromosomes.

The effect of homoeologous group 3 chromosomes on chromosome pairing and crossability in Triticum aestivum

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Group 3

Differences in the level of chromosome pairing in hybrids between 'Chinese Spring' wheat homoeologous group 3 aneuploids and rye and in homoeologous group 3 aneuhaploids were studied. Factors affecting chromosome pairing were detected or confirmed on both arms of the chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 in wheat. Effects were also identified on chromosome 3R of rye and a chromosome of Hordeum bulbosum. Factors affecting crossability between 'Chinese Spring' wheat and H. bulbosum were also found on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D. A correlation was shown between increased pairing and reduced crossability.

The effect of increased dosage of wheat chromosomes on chromosome pairing and an analysis of the chiasma frequencies of individual wheat bivalents

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Homologous Pair ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

By crossing the 'Chinese Spring' wheat tetrasomic series with rye, 21 different hybrid genotypes were produced, each with a single different homologous pair of wheat chromosomes. These hybrids enable the effect on chromosome pairing to be assessed for an extra dose of each of the 21 chromosomes. Significant effects were observed with eight of the chromosomes. Chiasma frequencies for each of the 21 pairs of chromosomes were also studied and the differences between the chromosomes were reported. The correlation between chromosome pairing and chiasma formation and chiasma frequency differences between bivalents and genomes are discussed.Key words: wheat, chromosome pairing, chiasma frequencies.

Inferences from genetical evidence on the course of meiotic chromosome pairing in plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 277 (955) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Or Gene

Meiotic chromosome pairing is a process that is amenable to genetic and experimental analysis. The combined use of these two approaches allows for the process to be dissected into several finite periods of time in which the developmental stages of pairing can be precisely located. Evidence is now available, in particular in plants, that shows that the pairing of homologous chromosomes, as observed at metaphase I, is affected by events occurring as early as the last premeiotic mitosis; and that the maintenance of this early determined state is subsequently maintained by constituents (presumably proteins) that are sensitive to either colchicine, temperature or gene control. A critical assessment of this evidence in wheat and a comparison of the process of pairing in wheat with the course of meiotic pairing in other plants and animals is presented.

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