Isolation and characterization of resin acid degrading bacteria found in effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill

Thirteen resin acid degrading bacteria enriched on abietic or dehydroabietic acids were isolated from waste water from the aerated stabilization basin of a bleached kraft pulp mill. Standard biochemical tests were used to characterize each isolate. Each isolate was tested for its ability to degrade six abietane- and pimarane-type resin acids. Resin acid concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and UV absorbance. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic characteristics identified two distinct clusters of degraders that differed in their ability to utilize carbohydrates as carbon sources. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis of representative isolates from each cluster identified A19-6a and D11-13 as Comamonas and Alcaligenes species, respectively. To determine genotypic relatedness, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences were used to amplify genomic DNA fragments from 10 isolates. These results supported the phenotypic analysis for all isolates tested except A19-5 and A19-6b. These two organisms were clustered closely together based on phenotype but had distinctly different banding patterns, suggesting that they are not related genotypically. All isolates degraded a subset of the six resin acid congeners. Isolates A19-3, A19-6a, A19-6b, and D11-37 were the most effective at degrading all six congeners.Key words: biodegradation, resin acids, metabolism, Comamonas, Alcaligenes.

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Characterization of odorous compounds from bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0396 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (11) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. G. Brownlee ◽

S. L. Kenefick ◽

G. A. MacInnis ◽

S. E. Hrudey

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Dimethyl Disulfide ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Pulp Mill Effluent ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽

Methyl Phenyl Sulfide ◽

Library Spectrum

Odour compounds in extracts of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) have been characterized by olfactory gas chromatography (OGC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A variety of sulfury odours was detected by OGC in addition to woody and pulp mill-like odours. Three sulfur compounds were identified by comparison of retention times and partial mass spectra with authentic standards: dimethyl disulfide, 3-methylthiophene and thioanisole (methyl phenyl sulfide). Typical concentrations in BKME were 1, 0.05, and 0.5 μg/l, respectively. Their odour intensity is relatively low and they were not detected by OGC. Dimethyl trisulfide was tentatively identified by comparison of its partial mass spectrum with a literature (library) spectrum. Its concentration in BKME was estimated at 0.5-2 μg/l. It corresponded to a skunky odour in the OGC profiles. Efforts to identify another odour peak, eluting just after 3-methylthiophene, with a pronounced alkyl sulfide odour were unsuccessful.

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Growth responses of periphyton and chironomids exposed to biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0553 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (2-3) ◽

pp. 339-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. G. Dubé ◽

J. M. Culp

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Pulp Mill Effluent ◽

Growth Responses ◽

High Concentration ◽

Wood Extractives ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽

Low Levels ◽

High Concentrations

Experiments were conducted in artificial streams to determine the effects of increasing concentrations of biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKPME) on periphyton and chironomid growth in the Thompson River, British Columbia. Periphyton growth, as determined by increases in chlorophyll a, was significantly stimulated at all effluent concentrations tested (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and, 10.0%). Chironomid growth (individual weight) was also significantly stimulated at low effluent concentrations (≤1.0%). At higher concentrations (5.0% and 10.0%), chironomid growth was inhibited relative to the 1.0% treatment streams. Increases in growth were attributed to the effects of nutrient and organic enrichment from BKPME. The effluent contained high concentrations of phosphorus and appears to be an important source of carbon for benthic insects grazing on the biofilm. In high concentration effluent streams, chironomid growth decreased despite low levels of typical pulp mill contaminants. This suggests that other compounds in the effluent, such as wood extractives, may be inhibiting chironomid growth. These results support findings of field monitoring studies conducted in the Thompson River where changes in periphyton and chironomid abundance occurred downstream of the bleached kraft pulp mill.

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Second-round interlaboratory comparison of hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to bleached-kraft pulp mill effluent

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1002/etc.5620140910 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 1513-1520 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Michael R. van den Heuvel ◽

D. George Dixon ◽

Kelly R. Munkittrick ◽

John J. Stegeman

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Interlaboratory Comparison ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Pulp Mill Effluent ◽

White Sucker ◽

Catostomus Commersoni ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Bleached Kraft Pulp

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Evaluation of the Sub-lethal Toxicity of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent to Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-010-0565-z ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 217 (1-4) ◽

pp. 35-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mário S. Diniz ◽

Ruth Pereira ◽

Ana C. Freitas ◽

Teresa A. P. Rocha-Santos ◽

Luisa Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carassius Auratus ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Pulp Mill Effluent ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽

Lethal Toxicity

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Biodegradability of Different Size Classes of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent Organic Halogens During Wastewater Treatment and in Lake Environments

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and EFFECTS of PULP and PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS ◽

10.1201/9780367812690-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 179-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.K. Saski ◽

J.K. Jokela ◽

M.S. Salkinoja-Salonen

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Pulp Mill Effluent ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Size Classes ◽

Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽

Organic Halogens

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Anguilla anguilla L. antioxidants responses to in situ bleached kraft pulp mill effluent outlet exposure

Environment International ◽

10.1016/s0160-4120(03)00178-8 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

M.A Santos ◽

M Pacheco ◽

Iqbal Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Anguilla Anguilla ◽

Pulp Mill Effluent ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Bleached Kraft Pulp

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Hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, plasma steroid hormone concentrations, and liver bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent concentrations in wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) caged in bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f95-130 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 1339-1350 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. R. van den Heuvel ◽

D. G. Dixon ◽

K. R. Munkittrick ◽

M. R. Servos ◽

G. J. Van Der Kraak

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Pulp Mill Effluent ◽

White Sucker ◽

Catostomus Commersoni ◽

Rapid Reduction ◽

Handling Stress ◽

Toxic Equivalent ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Bleached Kraft Pulp

Prespawning male white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), captured near Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior (exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME)), and Mountain Bay (reference) were caged in the BKME receiving area for 2, 4, and 8 d. Initially, the hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was similar in fish from both BKME and reference sites and, upon BKME exposure, increased 20-fold at both sites after 2 d. The H4IIE cell culture bioassay was used to measure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent concentration (TEC) in sucker liver extracts. H4IIE bioassay-derived TECs from Jackfish Bay sucker showed no significant treatment differences; combined TECs for all treatments averaged 51.1 pg∙g−1. Mountain Bay sucker liver TECs were initially significantly less (4.64 pg∙g−1) than the Jackfish Bay TECs but did show a significant, fivefold increase when fish were exposed to effluent. Mountain Bay and Jackfish Bay 8-d BKME-exposed fish showed no uptake of TECs calculated from directly measured polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during this exposure. The results suggest that PCDDs and PCDFs are not responsible for the mixed function oxidase induction observed. Handling stress caused rapid reduction of the plasma steroids testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, confounding any possible BKME effect.

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