OBSERVATION OF THE TRANSVERSE STERN–GERLACH EFFECT IN NEUTRAL POTASSIUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1481-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myer Bloom ◽  
Eric Enga ◽  
Hin Lew
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Effective Magnetic Field ◽  
Classical Analysis ◽  
At Resonance ◽  
Rotating Reference Frame

A successful transverse Stern–Gerlach experiment has been performed, using a beam of neutral potassium atoms and an inhomogeneous time-dependent magnetic field of the form[Formula: see text]A classical analysis of the Stern–Gerlach experiment is given for a rotating inhomogeneous magnetic field. In general, when space quantization is achieved, the spins are quantized along the effective magnetic field in the reference frame rotating with angular velocity ω about the z axis. For ω = 0, the direction of quantization is the z axis (conventional Stern–Gerlach experiment), while at resonance (ω = −γH0) the direction of quantization is the x axis in the rotating reference frame (transverse Stern–Gerlach experiment). The experiment, which was performed at 7.2 Mc, is described in detail.

MAGNETIC DECELERATOR FOR PARTICLE BEAMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (28) ◽  
pp. 1879-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGOR F. LYUKSYUTOV
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Atomic Beam ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Particle Beams ◽  
Traveling Magnetic Field

We discuss possibility of using time-dependent inhomogeneous magnetic field to decrease the speed of particles in a molecular/atomic beam. This includes deceleration via traveling magnetic field gradient. We also discuss possible implementations of the magnetic decelerator.

Overstable hydromagnetic convection in a rotating fluid layer

1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Eltayeb
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Boussinesq Approximation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Marginal Stability ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Coriolis Forces ◽  
Lorentz Forces

The effect of the simultaneous action of a uniform magnetic field and a uniform angular velocity on the linear stability of the Bénard layer to time-dependent convective motions is examined in the Boussinesq approximation. Four models, characterized by the relative directions of the magnetic field, angular velocity and gravitational force, are discussed under a variety of boundary conditions. Apart from a few cases, the treatment applies when the Taylor number T and the Chandrasekhar number Q (the square of the Hartmann number) are large. (These parameters are dimensionless measures of angular velocity and magnetic field, respectively.)It is shown that the motions at the onset of instability can be of three types. If the Coriolis forces dominate the Lorentz forces, the results for the rotating non-magnetic case are retained to leading order. If the Coriolis and Lorentz forces are comparable, the minimum temperature gradient required for instability is greatly reduced. Also, in this case, the motions that ensue at marginal stability are necessarily three-dimensional and the Taylor-Proudman theorem and its analogue in hydromagnetics are no longer valid. When the Lorentz forces dominate the Coriolis forces, the results obtained are similar to those for the magnetic non-rotating case at leading order.The most unstable mode is identified for all relations T = KQα, where K and α are positive constants, taking into account both time-dependent and time-independent motionsVarious types of boundary layers developing on different boundaries are also examined.

scholarly journals Magnon Laser

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 938 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nowik-Boltyk ◽  
I. V. Borisenko ◽  
V. E. Demidov ◽  
S. O. Demokritov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Field Pulse ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensate ◽  
Spatially Inhomogeneous ◽  
Bose Einstein

We experimentally demonstrate a magnon laser based on the coherent Bose–Einstein condensate of magnons brought into motion by using a time-dependent spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field. We show that the application of a short field pulse results in the formation of a condensate cloud moving with the constant velocity of 930 m/s for the used parameters of the experiment. The number of magnons building the cloud is not changed during the propagation, which is reminiscent of the magnon superfluidity.

Scalar field in a uniformly rotating frame in the time-dislocation space–time

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (22) ◽  
pp. 2050129
Author(s):  
K. Bakke ◽  
V. B. Bezerra ◽  
R. L. L. Vitória
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Radial Coordinate ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Rotating Reference Frame ◽  
Physical Phenomena

We analyze the relativistic quantum effects induced by the topology associated with a time-dislocation space–time and produced by the angular velocity associated with a rotating reference frame, on a scalar field. The parameters related to the torsion of the dislocation and to the angular velocity of the rotating reference frame impose lower and upper limits of the radial coordinate. At these limiting values of the radial coordinate, boundary conditions are assumed, in order to determine the energy levels. We show that in this scenario, two interesting physical phenomena arise, namely, the Sagnac-like and the Aharonov–Bohm-like effects.

Monte Carlo calculation of the energy parameters and spatial distribution of the cathodic arc ions while passing through the macro-particles filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Chernogor ◽  
Igor Blinkov ◽  
Alexey Volkhonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Calculation ◽  
Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Flow Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Concentrator ◽  
Cathodic Arc ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The flow, energy distribution and concentrations profiles of Ti ions in cathodic arc are studied by test particle Monte Carlo simulations with considering the mass transfer through the macro-particles filters with inhomogeneous magnetic field. The loss of ions due to their deposition on filter walls was calculated as a function of electric current and number of turns in the coil. The magnetic field concentrator that arises in the bending region of the filters leads to increase the loss of the ions component of cathodic arc. The ions loss up to 80 % of their energy resulted by the paired elastic collisions which correspond to the experimental results. The ion fluxes arriving at the surface of the substrates during planetary rotating of them opposite the evaporators mounted to each other at an angle of 120° characterized by the wide range of mutual overlapping.

Spin generation and manipulation based on spin-orbit interaction in semiconductors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nitta
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Orbit Interaction ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Effective Magnetic Field ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Spin Orbit Interaction ◽  
Spin Degree ◽  
Dimensional Electron Gas ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions ◽  
Electrical Generation

This chapter focuses on the electron spin degree of freedom in semiconductor spintronics. In particular, the electrostatic control of the spin degree of freedom is an advantageous technology over metal-based spintronics. Spin–orbit interaction (SOI), which gives rise to an effective magnetic field. The essence of SOI is that the moving electrons in an electric field feel an effective magnetic field even without any external magnetic field. Rashba spin–orbit interaction is important since the strength is controlled by the gate voltage on top of the semiconductor’s two-dimensional electron gas. By utilizing the effective magnetic field induced by the SOI, spin generation and manipulation are possible by electrostatic ways. The origin of spin-orbit interactions in semiconductors and the electrical generation and manipulation of spins by electrical means are discussed. Long spin coherence is achieved by special spin helix state where both strengths of Rashba and Dresselhaus SOI are equal.

scholarly journals Moving Pearl Vortices in Thin-Film Superconductors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kogan ◽  
Norio Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Thin Film ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Superconducting Thin Film ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
London Equation ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The magnetic field hz of a moving Pearl vortex in a superconducting thin-film in (x,y) plane is studied with the help of the time-dependent London equation. It is found that for a vortex at the origin moving in +x direction, hz(x,y) is suppressed in front of the vortex, x>0, and enhanced behind (x<0). The distribution asymmetry is proportional to the velocity and to the conductivity of normal quasiparticles. The vortex self-energy and the interaction of two moving vortices are evaluated.

scholarly journals Hamiltonian Approach to Magnetic Fields with Toroidal Surfaces

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 959-967
Author(s):  
A. Salat
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hamiltonian System ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Hamiltonian Approach ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Mhd Equilibrium ◽  
Magnetic Surfaces ◽  
Rotational Transform

The equivalence of magnetic field line equations to a one-dimensional time-dependent Hamiltonian system is used to construct magnetic fields with arbitrary toroidal magnetic surfaces I = const. For this purpose Hamiltonians H which together with their invariants satisfy periodicity constraints have to be known. The choice of H fixes the rotational transform η(I). Arbitrary axisymmetric fields, and nonaxisymmetric fields with constant η(I) are considered in detail.Configurations with coinciding magnetic and current density surfaces are obtained. The approach used is not well suited, however, to satisfying the additional MHD equilibrium condition of constant pressure on magnetic surfaces.

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