Stationary properties of approximate wave functions

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (21) ◽  
pp. 2355-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ruffa
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Helium Atom ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Wave ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Approximate Wave

The accuracy of quantum mechanical wave functions is examined in terms of certain stationary properties. The most elementary of these, namely that displayed by the class of wave functions which yields a stationary value for the total energy of the system, is demonstrated to necessarily require few other stationary properties, and none of these appear to be particularly useful. However, the class of wave functions which yields both stationary energies and charge densities has very important stationary properties. A theorem is proven which states that any wave function in this class yields a stationary expectation value for any operator which can be expressed as a sum of one-particle operators. Since the Hartree–Fock wave function is known to possess these same stationary properties, this theorem demonstrates that the Hartree–Fock wave function is one of the infinitely many wave functions of the class. Methods for generating other wave functions in this class by modifying the Hartree–Fock wave function without changing its stationary properties are applied to the calculation of wave functions for the helium atom.

scholarly journals On the Quantum Mechanical Wave Function as a Link Between Cognition and the Physical World: A Role for Psychology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Michael Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Wave ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

A straightforward explanation of fundamental tenets of quantum mechanics concerning the wave function results in the thesis that the quantum mechanical wave function is a link between human cognition and the physical world. The reticence on the part of physicists to adopt this thesis is discussed. A comparison is made to the behaviorists’ consideration of mind, and the historical roots of how the problem concerning the quantum mechanical wave function arose are discussed. The basis for an empirical demonstration that the wave function is a link between human cognition and the physical world is provided through developing an experiment using methodology from psychology and physics. Based on research in psychology and physics that relied on this methodology, it is likely that Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen’s theoretical result that mutually exclusive wave functions can simultaneously apply to the same concrete physical circumstances can be implemented on an empirical level. Original article in The Journal of Mind and Behavior is on JSTOR at https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43853678.pdf?seq=1 . Preprint on CERN preprint server at https://cds.cern.ch/record/569426 .

scholarly journals On Whether People Have the Capacity to Make Observations of Mutually Exclusive Physical Phenomena

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Michael Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Physical System ◽  
William James ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Mechanical Wave ◽  
Physical Phenomena

It has been shown by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen that in quantum mechanics one of two different wave functions predicting specific values for quantities represented by non-commuting Hermitian operators can characterize the same physical system, without a physical interaction responsible for which wave function is realized in a measurement. This result means that one can make predictions regarding mutually exclusive features of a physical system. It is important to ask whether people can make observations of mutually exclusive phenomena. Our everyday experience informs us that a human observer is capable of observing one set of physical circumstances at a time. Evidence from psychology, though, indicates that people may have the capacity to make observations of mutually exclusive physical phenomena, even though this capacity in not generally recognized. Working independently, Sigmund Freud and William James provided some of this evidence. How the nature of the quantum mechanical wave function is associated with the problem posed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen is addressed at the end of the paper.

"VECTAL" REPRESENTATION OF THE WAVE FUNCTION AND ITS PHYSICAL MEANING

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 3667-3676
Author(s):  
C. S. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Electron Wave Function ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Expectation Values ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Determinantal Form

A new form of one-electron wave function, "vectal," is introduced. It is shown that an arbitrary CI geminal and a certain class of many-electron wave functions can be represented in a single-determinantal form in terms of the vectal. Eigenvalue equations for the vectal, similar to that of the Hartree–Fock theory, are derived and the vectal representation is shown to enable a formal interpretation of the CI theory in the Hartree–Fock manner. The eigenvalue, vectal energy, is interpreted as the negative of an ionization potential, in Koop-man's sense, of the system described by the CI wave function. It is also shown that the expectation value of any one-electron operator, [Formula: see text], where Ψ is the CI wave function, is expressible in terms of the expectation values of the same operator with respect to the vectals. The vectals are interpreted as the one-electron wave function in the CI space.A possible application of the vectal representation is briefly described, and the relationship between the vectal representation and the "scalar representation" is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the one electron expectation values for different wave function of Be atom

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Slater Determinant ◽  
Open Shell ◽  
Expectation Values ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Shell System ◽  
Electronic Wave Function ◽  
The One

The aim of this work is to evaluate the one- electron expectation value from the radial electronic density function D(r1) for different wave function for the 2S state of Be atom . The wave function used were published in 1960,1974and 1993, respectavily. Using Hartree-Fock wave function as a Slater determinant has used the partitioning technique for the analysis open shell system of Be (1s22s2) state, the analyze Be atom for six-pairs electronic wave function , tow of these are for intra-shells (K,L) and the rest for inter-shells(KL) . The results are obtained numerically by using computer programs (Mathcad).

scholarly journals Quantum imploding scalar fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Wave ◽  
Einstein Theory ◽  
Curvature Invariants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Canonical Quantum Gravity ◽  
Canonical Quantum

The d’Alembertian □ ϕ = 0 has the solution ϕ = f ( v )/ r , where f is a function of a null coordinate v , and this allows creation of a divergent singularity out of nothing. In scalar-Einstein theory a similar situation arises both for the scalar field and also for curvature invariants such as the Ricci scalar. Here what happens in canonical quantum gravity is investigated. Two minispace Hamiltonian systems are set up: extrapolation and approximation of these indicates that the quantum mechanical wave function can be finite at the origin.

NEW n-MODE BOSE OPERATOR REALIZATION OF SU(2) LIE ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATION IN ENTANGLED FRACTIONAL FOURIER TRANSFORM

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG-YI FAN ◽  
SHU-GUANG LIU
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Fractional Fourier Transform ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Wave ◽  
Bose Operator ◽  
Operator Realization ◽  
Multipartite Entangled State

We introduce a new n-mode Bose operator realization of SU(2) Lie algebra and link it to the two mutually conjugate multipartite entangled state representations. In so doing we are naturally lead to the n-mode entangle fractional Fourier transform (EFFT), which provides us with a convenient way to deriving the EFFT of quantum-mechanical wave functions.

Inelastic Scattering of High Energy Electrons by Helium

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Ojha ◽  
P. Tiwari ◽  
D. K. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Oscillator Strengths ◽  
Final States ◽  
Interaction Type ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Approximate Wave ◽  
Accurate Wave

Generalized oscillator strengths and the cross section for excitation of helium by electron impact have been calculated in the Born approximation. Transitions from the ground state to the n1P (n = 2 and 3) states have been considered. Highly accurate wave functions of the Hartree–Fock and "configuration–interaction" type have been used to represent the ground state. Approximate wave functions due to Messmer have been employed for the final states. The results are compared with other calculations and with experiment.

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