Do changes in soil properties after rooting by wild boars (Sus scrofa) affect understory vegetation in Swiss hardwood forests?

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Wirthner ◽  
Martin Schütz ◽  
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese ◽  
Matt D. Busse ◽  
James W. Kirchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
C And N ◽  
Wild Boar Rooting

Recovering from small fragmented populations, wild boars ( Sus scrofa L.) have considerably increased their numbers and their habitat range in many European countries during the past two decades. Although several studies have focused on the impact of wild boar rooting on selected vegetation properties, little is known about effects on entire forest ecosystems. The main goal of our study was to assess how rooting by boars alters soil and vegetation properties. We measured soil chemical and biological properties (C and N concentrations, N availability, and microbial biomass C) as well as several vegetation characteristics (total plant cover, plant species diversity, and number and height of saplings) on paired rooted and non-rooted plots in six hardwood forests in Switzerland. We found that rooting by wild boars led to significant increases in mineral soil C and N concentrations and microbial biomass C, which could lead to improved growth conditions for plants. However, total plant cover and sapling counts were reduced on rooted plots, possibly due to mechanical disturbance or due to reduced plant available N (measured as supply rate in contrast with the observed increase in total stocks of mineral soil N). In view of these results, simple characterizations of wild boar rooting as beneficial or detrimental to forest ecosystems should be handled with care.

Variations of belowground C and N cycling between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal forests across China

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwei Li ◽  
Zhouping Shangguan ◽  
Lei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
N Cycle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Litter Input ◽  
C And N ◽  
C And N Cycling

Forests associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi may have distinct belowground carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle processes. However, there are little available data providing evidence for the effects of trees associating with mycorrhizal type on belowground C and N cycling in forest ecosystems in China. Here, we collected a database of 26 variables related to belowground C and N cycling from 207 studies covering 209 sampling sites in China, to better understand the variations in belowground C and N cycling between the two mycorrhizal types in forest ecosystems along a climatic gradient. The AM forests had significantly lower soil total C and N contents, and soil microbial biomass C and N, than ECM forests, probably due to differences in litter quality (N and C/N) between AM and ECM forest types. In contrast, AM forests had significantly higher litter input, litter decomposition and soil respiration than ECM forests. Temperature and precipitation had significant positive effects on litter input and decomposition, soil total C and N contents, and soil respiration in AM and ECM forests. Overall, our results indicated that mycorrhizal type strongly affected belowground C and N cycle processes in forest ecosystems. Moreover, AM forests are likely more sensitive and ECM forests have a greater ability to adapt to global climate change.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on soil respiration and its components in a boreal forest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guancheng Liu ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Guoyong Yan ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiaochun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C And N

Abstract Background Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in boreal forest ecosystems increased gradually with the development of industry and agriculture, but the effects of N input on soil CO2 fluxes in these ecosystems were rarely reported in previous studies. To evaluate the effect of N addition on soil respiration is of great significance for understanding the distribution of soil carbon (C) on the N gradient in forest ecosystems.Results In this study, four treatment levels of N addition (0, 25, 50, 75 kg N ha− 1 yr− 1) were applied to natural Larix gmelinii forest in Greater Khingan Mountains of northeast China. We focused mainly on the dynamics of soil respiration (Rs), heterotrophic respiration (Rh), autotrophic respiration (Ra), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN) and fine root biomass (FRB) in a growing season. We found that low N addition significant increased Rs, Rh and Ra, but with the increase of N addition, the promotion effect was gradually weakened. Medium N increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs and Rh components, while medium N and high N significantly reduced the Q10 of Ra. Ra was positively correlated with FRB; Rh was positively correlated with soil MBC and MBN; and RS was probably driven by Ra from May to July, while by Rh in August and September.Conclusions Long-term N addition alleviated microbial N limitation, promoted soil respiration and accelerated soil C and N cycle in boreal forest ecosystems.

Carbon and nitrogen transformations in New Zealand plantation forest soils from sites with different N status

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal A Scott ◽  
Roger L Parfitt ◽  
Des J Ross ◽  
Gareth J Salt
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Status

Interactions between soil nutrient cycling processes are likely to influence N losses following disturbance in forest ecosystems. During a 340-day laboratory incubation, we examined C and N transformations in three sandy soils of different N status from Pinus radiata D. Don plantations before clear-cutting. The soils were a high N status Andisol (losing -N in streamwater) and a fertilized and unfertilized Entisol. In contrast to other forest ecosystems, -N accumulated readily in all mineral soils and in the Andisol forest floor but did not accumulate until day 63 and 210 in the fertilized and unfertilized Entisol forest floor, respectively. However, gross nitrification occurred from day 42 in both Entisol treatments. Net nitrification in the Entisol forest floor began when substrate C/N ratio declined to about 40, possibly because of decreased C availability and decreased competition for both -N and -N in conjunction with a lower microbial C/N ratio. Carbon and gross N mineralization rates (per unit of C or N, respectively) correlated positively (r2 = 0.93) in mineral soil but correlated negatively in the forest floor, probably because of major differences in C and N quality and potential differences in microbial community structure. The mean residence time of N in mineral-N pools was higher for soils from the N-rich site, in part because of lower microbial N demand. These results suggest that sudden removal of C inputs (such as at harvest) may cause greater disruption of internal soil N cycles on nutrient poor sites, increasing the proportional losses of N as compared to nutrient-rich sites.

scholarly journals Distribution and altitudinal patterns of carbon and nitrogen storage in various forest ecosystems in the central Yunnan Plateau, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
Qibo Chen ◽  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Bangxiao Peng ◽  
Jianlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Yunnan Plateau ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
C And N ◽  
Quercus Semecarpifolia ◽  
Management Policies

AbstractThe carbon (C) pool in forest ecosystems plays a long-term and sustained role in mitigating the impacts of global warming, and the sequestration of C is closely linked to the nitrogen (N) cycle. Accurate estimates C and N storage (SC, SN) of forest can improve our understanding of C and N cycles and help develop sustainable forest management policies in the content of climate change. In this study, the SC and SN of various forest ecosystems dominated respectively by Castanopsis carlesii and Lithocarpus mairei (EB), Pinus yunnanensis (PY), Pinus armandii (PA), Keteleeria evelyniana (KE), and Quercus semecarpifolia (QS) in the central Yunnan Plateau of China, were estimated on the basis of a field inventory to determine the distribution and altitudinal patterns of SC and SN among various forest ecosystems. The results showed that (1) the forest SC ranged from 179.58 ± 20.57 t hm−1 in QS to 365.89 ± 35.03 t hm−1 in EB. Soil, living biomass and litter contributed an average of 64.73%, 31.72% and 2.86% to forest SC, respectively; (2) the forest SN ranged from 4.47 ± 0.94 t ha−1 in PY to 8.91 ± 1.83 t ha−1 in PA. Soil, plants and litter contributed an average of 86.88%, 10.27% and 2.85% to forest SN, respectively; (3) the forest SC and SN decreased apparently with increasing altitude. The result demonstrates that changes in forest types can strongly affect the forest SC and SN. This study provides baseline information for forestland managers regarding forest resource utilization and C management.

scholarly journals C and N urban soil budget and its spatial differentiation in comparison with natural areas in the Wroclaw region of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00085
Author(s):  
Izabela Sówka ◽  
Yaroslav Bezyk ◽  
Maxim Dorodnikov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soil ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Natural Grassland

An assessment of C and N balance in urban soil compared to the natural environment was carried out to evaluate the influence of biological processes along with human-induced forcing. Soil C and N stocks were quantified on the samples (n=18) collected at 5 - 10 cm depth from dominated green areas and arable lands in the city of Wroclaw (Poland) and the relatively natural grassland located ca. 36 km south-west. Higher soil carbon and nitrogen levels (C/N ratio = 11.8) and greater microbial biomass C and N values (MBC = 95.3, MBN = 14.4 mg N kg-1) were measured in natural grassland compared with the citywide lawn sites (C/N ratio = 15.17, MBC = 84.3 mg C kg-1, MBN = 11.9 mg N kg-1), respectively. In contrast to the natural areas, the higher C and N concentration was measured in urban grass dominated soils (C = 2.7 % and N = 0.18 % of dry mass), which can be explained mainly due to the high soil bulk density and water holding capacity (13.8 % clay content). The limited availability of soil C and N content was seen under the arable soil (C = 1.23 %, N = 0.13 %) than in the studied grasslands. In fact, the significantly increased C/N ratios in urban grasslands are largely associated with land conversion and demonstrate that urban soils have the potential to be an important reservoir of C.

Comparison of carbon and nitrogen storage in mineral soils of graminoid and shrub tundra sites, western Greenland

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea L. Petrenko ◽  
Julia Bradley-Cook ◽  
Emily M. Lacroix ◽  
Andrew J. Friedland ◽  
Ross A. Virginia
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soil C ◽  
N Storage ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
C Pools ◽  
C And N

Shrub species are expanding across the Arctic in response to climate change and biotic interactions. Changes in belowground carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage are of global importance because Arctic soils store approximately half of global soil C. We collected 10 (60 cm) soil cores each from graminoid- and shrub-dominated soils in western Greenland and determined soil texture, pH, C and N pools, and C:N ratios by depth for the mineral soil. To investigate the relative chemical stability of soil C between vegetation types, we employed a novel sequential extraction method for measuring organo-mineral C pools of increasing bond strength. We found that (i) mineral soil C and N storage was significantly greater under graminoids than shrubs (29.0 ± 1.8 versus 22.5 ± 3.0 kg·C·m−2 and 1.9 ± .12 versus 1.4 ± 1.9 kg·N·m−2), (ii) chemical mechanisms of C storage in the organo-mineral soil fraction did not differ between graminoid and shrub soils, and (iii) weak adsorption to mineral surfaces accounted for 40%–60% of C storage in organo-mineral fractions — a pool that is relatively sensitive to environmental disturbance. Differences in these C pools suggest that rates of C accumulation and retention differ by vegetation type, which could have implications for predicting future soil C pool storage.

Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rzewuska ◽  
Lucjan Witkowski ◽  
Agata A. Cisek ◽  
Ilona Stefańska ◽  
Dorota Chrobak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Wild Boars

scholarly journals Soil carbon and nitrogen erosion in forested catchments: implications for erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sequestration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 4861-4874 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Stacy ◽  
S. C. Hart ◽  
C. T. Hunsaker ◽  
D. W. Johnson ◽  
A. A. Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Mineral Particle ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
C And N ◽  
Sediment Export

Abstract. Lateral movement of organic matter (OM) due to erosion is now considered an important flux term in terrestrial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) budgets, yet most published studies on the role of erosion focus on agricultural or grassland ecosystems. To date, little information is available on the rate and nature of OM eroded from forest ecosystems. We present annual sediment composition and yield, for water years 2005–2011, from eight catchments in the southern part of the Sierra Nevada, California. Sediment was compared to soil at three different landform positions from the source slopes to determine if there is selective transport of organic matter or different mineral particle size classes. Sediment export varied from 0.4 to 177 kg ha−1, while export of C in sediment was between 0.025 and 4.2 kg C ha−1 and export of N in sediment was between 0.001 and 0.04 kg N ha−1. Sediment yield and composition showed high interannual variation. In our study catchments, erosion laterally mobilized OM-rich litter material and topsoil, some of which enters streams owing to the catchment topography where steep slopes border stream channels. Annual lateral sediment export was positively and strongly correlated with stream discharge, while C and N concentrations were both negatively correlated with stream discharge; hence, C : N ratios were not strongly correlated to sediment yield. Our results suggest that stream discharge, more than sediment source, is a primary factor controlling the magnitude of C and N export from upland forest catchments. The OM-rich nature of eroded sediment raises important questions about the fate of the eroded OM. If a large fraction of the soil organic matter (SOM) eroded from forest ecosystems is lost during transport or after deposition, the contribution of forest ecosystems to the erosion-induced C sink is likely to be small (compared to croplands and grasslands).

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