Susceptibility of white spruce to attack by spruce beetles during the early years of an outbreak in Alaska

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hard ◽  
Richard A. Werner ◽  
Edward H. Holsten
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Southcentral Alaska ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Rating Model ◽  
Hazard Rating

Twenty-five variable sample plots were examined in mature white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands, in southcentral Alaska. These stands, located in the Canyon Creek – Quartz Creek valley on the Kenai Peninsula, have been infested by spruce beetle, Dendroctonusrufipennis (Kirby), since 1978. Diameter was not an important criterion for spruce susceptibility to attack or death unless large diameter was coupled with slower than average radial growth in the last 5 years, an apparent indicator of current tree vigor. A sigmoid transformation of percent mortality of spruce was inversely related to the logarithm of mean cumulative radial growth of spruce in the last 5 years and was directly related to number of spruce per hectare greater than 24.1 cm in diameter. This relationship is portrayed graphically as a rudimentary stand hazard rating model.

Vulnerability of white spruce with slowly expanding lower boles on dry, cold sites to early seasonal attack by spruce beetles in south central Alaska

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hard
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Tree Expansion ◽  
South Central ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tree Radial Growth

Two stands of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), one on a south aspect and one on a north aspect on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, were sampled intensively to determine site and host variables associated with high attack densities by spruce beetle, Dendroctonusrufipennis (Kirby). Attacks peaked during the early phase of tree radial growth on both aspects as the rate of tree expansion slowed. Generally, the first trees attacked, also the most heavily attacked, expanded more slowly before and after beetle attack than did trees attacked later or not at all. High attack densities were concentrated in trees on dry, cold soils. Mean percent basal-area growth of plots was inversely related to stocking of live spruce and to percentage of sample trees attacked and killed.

A Method of Hazard-Rating White Spruce Plantations For Yellowheaded Spruce Sawfly Defoliation

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Morse ◽  
Herbert M. Kulman
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Final Model ◽  
North Central ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
Rating Model ◽  
Hazard Rating

Abstract A hazard-rating model for defoliation by the yellowheaded spruce sawfly was developed and validated using 25 white spruce plantations in north central Minnesota. The dependent variable was degree of defoliation, and the independent variables, as measured from small-format aerial photographs, were steepness and slope aspect. The site characteristics and defoliation were correlated using a maximum likelihood logistic regression. The final model determined that steep, south-facing slopes had the highest probability of sawfly-caused defoliation. Identification of high-hazard sites should be a major component of a management plan for this pest. North. J. Appl. For. 3:104-105, Sept. 1986.

White spruce regeneration following a major spruce beetle outbreak in forests on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (10) ◽  
pp. 3571-3579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Boggs ◽  
Michelle Sturdy ◽  
Daniel J. Rinella ◽  
Matthew J. Rinella
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Spruce Beetle

Mortality of white spruce during a spruce beetle outbreak on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Werner ◽  
Edward H. Holsten
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
South Central ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

White spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands in the Resurrection Creek watershed in south-central Alaska were infested by spruce bettles, Dendroctonusrufipennis Kirby, between 1974 and 1975. Thirty permanent plots were established within the infested area in 1976 to evaluate the immediate and long-term impact on white spruce stands. Plots were revisited annually for 5 years. Between 1976 and 1980, 29% of all white spruce was killed by spruce beetles. This loss accounted for 59% of the commercial white spruce volume in the watershed. Mortality was greatest in the larger diameter classes during the early part of the infestation, but smaller diameter trees were subsequently attacked as the number of noninfested trees declined. The impact of spruce beetles on structure and species composition of white spruce stands is given along with a discussion of management implications.

Radial Growth Decline of White Spruce (Picea glauca) During Hot Summers without Drought: Preliminary Results from a Study Site South of a Boreal Forest Border

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Lapenis ◽  
George Robinson ◽  
Gregory B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Hot Days

Here we investigate the possible<sup></sup> future response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to a warmer climate by studying trees planted 90 years ago near the southern limit of their climate tolerance in central New York, 300 km south of the boreal forest where this species is prevalent. We employed high-frequency recording dendrometers to determine radial growth phenology of six mature white spruce trees during 2013-2017. Results demonstrate significant reductions in the length of radial growth periods inversely proportional to the number of hot days with air temperature exceeding 30 oC. During years with very hot summers, the start of radial growth began about 3 days earlier than the 2013-2017 average. However, in those same years the end of radial growth was also about 17 days earlier resulting in a shorter (70 versus 100 day), radial growth season. Abundant (350-500 mm) summer precipitation, which resulted in soil moisture values of 20-30% allowed us to dismiss drought as a factor. Instead, a likely cause of reduced radial growth was mean temperature that exceeded daily average of 30<sup> o</sup>C that lead to photoinhibition.

scholarly journals Satellite-Based Assessment of Grassland Conversion and Related Fire Disturbance in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hess ◽  
Cheila Cullen ◽  
Jeanette Cobian-Iñiguez ◽  
Jacob Ramthun ◽  
Victor Lenske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Grassland Conversion ◽  
The Relationship

Spruce beetle-induced (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) mortality on the Kenai Peninsula has been hypothesized by local ecologists to result in the conversion of forest to grassland and subsequent increased fire danger. This hypothesis stands in contrast to empirical studies in the continental US which suggested that beetle mortality has only a negligible effect on fire danger. In response, we conducted a study using Landsat data and modeling techniques to map land cover change in the Kenai Peninsula and to integrate change maps with other geospatial data to predictively map fire danger for the same region. We collected Landsat imagery to map land cover change at roughly five-year intervals following a severe, mid-1990s beetle infestation to the present. Land cover classification was performed at each time step and used to quantify grassland encroachment patterns over time. The maps of land cover change along with digital elevation models (DEMs), temperature, and historical fire data were used to map and assess wildfire danger across the study area. Results indicate the highest wildfire danger tended to occur in herbaceous and black spruce land cover types, suggesting that the relationship between spruce beetle damage and wildfire danger in costal Alaskan forested ecosystems differs from the relationship between the two in the forests of the coterminous United States. These change detection analyses and fire danger predictions provide the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge (KENWR) ecologists and other forest managers a better understanding of the extent and magnitude of grassland conversion and subsequent change in fire danger following the 1990s spruce beetle outbreak.

Within-tree patterns of wood stiffness for white spruce (Picea glauca) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
Philip G. Comeau ◽  
Alexis Achim
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Radial patterns of modulus of elasticity (MOE) were examined for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuoides Michx.) from 19 mature, uneven-aged stands in the boreal mixedwood region of northern Alberta, Canada. The main objectives were to (1) evaluate the relationship between pith-to-bark changes in MOE and cambial age or distance from pith; (2) develop species-specific models to predict pith-to-bark changes in MOE; and (3) to test the influences of radial growth, relative vertical height, and tree slenderness (tree height/DBH) on MOE. For both species, cambial age was selected as the best explanatory variable with which to build pith-to-bark models of MOE. For white spruce and trembling aspen, the final nonlinear mixed-effect models indicated that an augmented rate of increase in MOE occurred with increasing vertical position within the tree. For white spruce trees, radial growth and slenderness were found to positively influence maximum estimated MOE. For trembling aspen, there was no apparent effect of vertical position or radial growth on maximum MOE. The results shed light on potential drivers of radial patterns of MOE and will be useful in guiding silvicultural prescriptions.

Growth of large diameter pure phase wurtzite GaP nanowires by a two-step axial-radial growth approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 133107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nripendra N. Halder ◽  
Shimon Cohen ◽  
David Gershoni ◽  
Dan Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Growth Approach

TOTAL GROWTH OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF A WHITE SPRUCE TREE AT CHALK RIVER, ONTARIO, CANADA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fraser ◽  
L. Belanger ◽  
D. McGuire ◽  
Z. Zdrazil
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Growth

Apical and radial growth in trunk and branches, and needle distribution were studied in a white spruce tree 11 meters high and 36 years old. Growth was summarized according to (1) years of formation (Oblique Summation), (2) transversely by trunk internodes (Horizontal Summation), and (3) position of the annual rings and branch internodes (and needles) relative to the pith or trunk respectively (Vertical Summation). In this study summations 1 and 3 were considered to reflect internal (nutritional and hormonal) controls of growth, whereas summation 2 represented the effect of environmental factors including periodicity of flower and seed formation.The tree studied possessed [Formula: see text] million needles when sampled in 1961, two-fifths of which were formed during the last 2 years of growth. The percentage of ash in the needles varied from 4 in the new needles to almost 8% in those 10 years old. The productive capacity of one "average" needle in terms of apical growth, trunk wood, and new needle formation was estimated.

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