Competition for nitrogen between Pinusradiata and pasture. II. Trends in plant and soil processes

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Clinton ◽  
D.J. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Labelled Nitrogen ◽  
Pasture Grasses

15N-labelled nitrogen fertilizer was used to examine the competition for N between 4-year-old Pinusradiata D. Don and pasture grasses during one 8-month growing season. Availability and tree and pasture uptake of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied in spring were measured. Larger quantities of 15NO3−-N than 15NH4+-N remained available in the soil throughout the growing season. However, P. radiata assimilated similar quantities of 15N when supplied as 15NO3−-N or 15NH4+-N and uptake by pasture herbage was greater for 15NO3−-N than for 15NH4+-N. Removing pasture by spraying with herbicide increased the availability of soil 15N soon after application and doubled the uptake of 15N by P. radiata although the pattern of N uptake was not greatly affected.

scholarly journals Development of an Online Tool for Tracking Soil Nitrogen to Improve the Environmental Performance of Maize Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5649
Author(s):  
Giovani Preza-Fontes ◽  
Junming Wang ◽  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Meilan Qi ◽  
Kamaljit Banger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Soil N Availability

Freshwater nitrogen (N) pollution is a significant sustainability concern in agriculture. In the U.S. Midwest, large precipitation events during winter and spring are a major driver of N losses. Uncertainty about the fate of applied N early in the growing season can prompt farmers to make additional N applications, increasing the risk of environmental N losses. New tools are needed to provide real-time estimates of soil inorganic N status for corn (Zea mays L.) production, especially considering projected increases in precipitation and N losses due to climate change. In this study, we describe the initial stages of developing an online tool for tracking soil N, which included, (i) implementing a network of field trials to monitor changes in soil N concentration during the winter and early growing season, (ii) calibrating and validating a process-based model for soil and crop N cycling, and (iii) developing a user-friendly and publicly available online decision support tool that could potentially assist N fertilizer management. The online tool can estimate real-time soil N availability by simulating corn growth, crop N uptake, soil organic matter mineralization, and N losses from assimilated soil data (from USDA gSSURGO soil database), hourly weather data (from National Weather Service Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis), and user-entered crop management information that is readily available for farmers. The assimilated data have a resolution of 2.5 km. Given limitations in prediction accuracy, however, we acknowledge that further work is needed to improve model performance, which is also critical for enabling adoption by potential users, such as agricultural producers, fertilizer industry, and researchers. We discuss the strengths and limitations of attempting to provide rapid and cost-effective estimates of soil N availability to support in-season N management decisions, specifically related to the need for supplemental N application. If barriers to adoption are overcome to facilitate broader use by farmers, such tools could balance the need for ensuring sufficient soil N supply while decreasing the risk of N losses, and helping increase N use efficiency, reduce pollution, and increase profits.

Influence of fertilizers and of the autumn tillage method on potato yield and phytopathologiс characteristics of tubers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
V. I. Titova ◽  
E. T. Akopdzhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Production Conditions

The field experiment on identifying differences in the effect of the herbicide and foliar feeding of plants with liquid nitrogen fertilizer (UAN-32) against the background of autumn tillage with a cultivator or plow on potato yield and phytopathologic characteristics of tubers during storage was carried out in 2019-2020 in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The experiment was laid on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil in production conditions on two varieties of potato ‒ the super-early Сolomba variety and the medium-early Innovator variety grown for seeds. The variants under study were surface application of the soil herbicide Gezagard in a tank mixture with UAN-32 and foliar feeding of plants with UAN-32 (N42) during the growing season against the background of N42P42K169 (calcium chloride in autumn + ammonium nitrate phosphate in spring). The results indicate that the background fertilization provides the yield of Colombа variety potato of 20.7-29.0 t/ha, the Innovator variety – 17.4-23.1 t/ha. The use of the herbicide is more effective during autumn tillage with a cultivator, providing an increase in yield of 28-37 % on both potato varieties, feeding of plants with UAN-32 contributes to an increase in yield (8-10 %) only on the Сolomba variety. Plowing the soil for potatoes helps to avoid the pest damage of tubers and to reduce their susceptibility to rhizoctonia by 6-27 %, to wet rot ‒ up to 55 %. In general, it has been established that due to autumn plowing with fertilization at a dose of N42P42K169, it is possible to obtain an increase in potato yield exceeding the increase provided both by herbicides and the use of foliar feeding of potatoes.

Isotopic studies on the uptake of nitrogen by pasture grasses. II. Uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by Rhodes grass in posts

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Henzell ◽  
AE Martin ◽  
PJ Ross ◽  
KP Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Linear Function ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Pretreatment Phase

Nitrogen uptake by Rhodes grass was a linear function of the quantity of 15NH4N03 applied for rates up to the equivalent of 400 lb N/ac, but the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen recovered in the plants fell significantly when the rate was increased to 800 lb N/ac. A nitrogen pretreatment equivalent to 200 lb N/ac had relatively little effect on the uptake of 15NH4N03 by the grass, despite the fact that it almost doubled the weight of roots in the pots when the 15NH4N03 was first applied. Over the range 0–400 lb N/ac, 84.1%% of added total nitrogen and 75.5% of added 15N was taken up by plants that received no nitrogen fertilizer during the pretreatment phase, and 80.3% of added total nitrogen and 71.9% of added 15N was taken up by plants that received a pretreatment of 200 lb N/ac. Fertilizer nitrogen was distributed between tops and roots in the ratio (averaged for the two pretreatments) of 5.2 : 1 for total nitrogen and 4.5 : 1 for 15N; these ratios were constant over the range 0–400 lb N/ac and were not significantly different.

scholarly journals Using Insurance to Enhance Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Timing to Reduce Nitrogen Losses

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Risk Cost

AbstractNitrogen applied before planting is more vulnerable to loss to the environment than nitrogen applied during the growing season, but the growing season application can increase the risk of lower yields caused by adverse weather that prohibits farmers to complete N application. An expected utility framework is used to illustrate the potential economic benefit of insurance for a farmer to reduce this risk cost. An expected-value variance analysis is used to illustrate the potential benefit of insurance to Iowa corn growers who apply N fertilizer only during the growing season.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, and seed quality of Camelina sativa

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
W. E. May ◽  
S. Phelps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Camelina Sativa

Effect of seed rate and application of N fertilizer on grain yield and N uptake of rice under intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm)

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reddy ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
M. M. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater ◽  
Panicle Weight ◽  
Tiller Mortality

SUMMARYIn an intermediate deepwater (15–50 cm) situation, the number of tillers increased with increase of nitrogen fertilizer from 0 to 40 and 80 kg/ha and of seed rate from 100 to 200, 300 and 400 seeds/m2. The tiller mortality due to higher water depth was higher under no-N treatment and under higher seed rates. The number of panicles and grain yield increased significantly with increase in N. Similarly, an increase in the seed rate increased the number of panicles and decreased the number of grains per panicle and panicle weight. The grain yields of the different seed rates were similar. The interaction between N levels and seed rates was not significant.

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