Uptake, distribution, and turnover of catecholamine radiolabel in the goldfish, Carassius auratus L.

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1656-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg P. Busacker ◽  
Walter Chavin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Transient Event ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Circulating Levels

As the uptake, distribution, and turnover of epinephrine and norepinephrine are largely unknown in teleosts, the relative tissue affinities for these circulating catecholamines were evaluated in the goldfish, Carassius auratus L. Since sufficient circulating levels of catecholamines available for uptake by tissues in vivo are a transient event occurring after stress, it was decided to investigate the uptake and decline of radiolabeled catecholamines over a short period of time, noting that uptake would coincide with high endogenous levels from handling stress while decline would be unaffected by stress. Fish injected with l-[3H]norepinephrine and dl-[carbinol-14C]epinephrine were killed from 0.5 to 1024 min postinjection, and the catecholamine radiolabels determined in 19 tissues. Six different uptake and retention patterns for individual tissues were present, but all tissues examined showed preference for the norepinephrine radiolabel. Among the excretory mechanisms in the goldfish, the liver is prominent in catecholamine elimination via the bile. A blood–brain barrier appears present for epinephrine, but not for norepinephrine; epinephrine is excluded from the hypothalamus and pituitary. Further, adipose tissue takes up only norepinephrine. In some teleostean tissues, therefore, the two catecholamines are handled differently than in the comparable mammalian tissues.

scholarly journals In Vivo Testing System for Determining the Estrogenic Activity of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals(EDCs) in Goldfish (Carassius auratus).

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ishibashi ◽  
Katsuyasu Tachibana ◽  
Mutsuyosi Tsuchimoto ◽  
Kiyoshi Soyano ◽  
Yasuhiro Ishibashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
In Vivo Testing

scholarly journals RANTES release by human adipose tissue in vivo and evidence for depot-specific differences

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. E1262-E1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Madani ◽  
Kalypso Karastergiou ◽  
Nicola C. Ogston ◽  
Nazar Miheisi ◽  
Rahul Bhome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels

Obesity is associated with elevated inflammatory signals from various adipose tissue depots. This study aimed to evaluate release of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) by human adipose tissue in vivo and ex vivo, in reference to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. Arteriovenous differences of RANTES, MCP-1, and IL-6 were studied in vivo across the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy Caucasian subjects with a wide range of adiposity. Systemic levels and ex vivo RANTES release were studied in abdominal subcutaneous, gastric fat pad, and omental adipose tissue from morbidly obese bariatric surgery patients and in thoracic subcutaneous and epicardial adipose tissue from cardiac surgery patients without coronary artery disease. Arteriovenous studies confirmed in vivo RANTES and IL-6 release in adipose tissue of lean and obese subjects and release of MCP-1 in obesity. However, in vivo release of MCP-1 and RANTES, but not IL-6, was lower than circulating levels. Ex vivo release of RANTES was greater from the gastric fat pad compared with omental ( P = 0.01) and subcutaneous ( P = 0.001) tissue. Epicardial adipose tissue released less RANTES than thoracic subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean ( P = 0.04) but not obese subjects. Indexes of obesity correlated with epicardial RANTES but not with systemic RANTES or its release from other depots. In conclusion, RANTES is released by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo and in varying amounts by other depots ex vivo. While it appears unlikely that the adipose organ contributes significantly to circulating levels, local implications of this chemokine deserve further investigation.

Stress and adrenocorticosteroid dynamics in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1012-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Sham Injection ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Circulating Levels

In goldfish serum, cortisol was found to constitute 77.6% of the adrenocorticosteroids measured by a competitive protein-binding radioassay. Adult goldfish maintained on a photoperiod of 14 h light: 10 h dark in November exhibited no significant variation in serum corticosteroid concentration throughout the 24-h cycle. Goldfish maintained in an 8L:16D photoperiod in June exhibited two peaks in serum adrenocorticosteroid concentration. Four hours before the onset of the light period and 4 h after the onset of the light period, serum corticosteroids were significantly higher than those observed at the midpoint of the dark period. After sham injection, swimming in shallow water, or a thermal shock, but not a handling disturbance, circulating levels of corticosteroids were significantly higher than in undisturbed fish. Betamethasone injected 24 h before a thermal stress completely blocked the stress-induced increase in serum corticosteroids observed in vehicle-injected and uninjected goldfish, demonstrating the potency of this steroid as a blocker of the pituitary–interrenal axis in this species.

Additive effects of cortisol and growth hormone on regional and systemic lipolysis in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. E488-E494 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Djurhuus ◽  
C. H. Gravholt ◽  
S. Nielsen ◽  
S. B. Pedersen ◽  
N. Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Circulating Levels

Growth hormone (GH) and cortisol are important to ensure energy supplies during fasting and stress. In vitro experiments have raised the question whether GH and cortisol mutually potentiate lipolysis. In the present study, combined in vivo effects of GH and cortisol on adipose and muscle tissue were explored. Seven lean males were examined four times over 510 min. Microdialysis catheters were inserted in the vastus lateralis muscle and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the thigh and abdomen. A pancreatic-pituitary clamp was maintained with somatostatin infusion and replacement of GH, insulin, and glucagon at baseline levels. At t = 150 min, administration was performed of NaCl (I), a 2 μg·kg-1·min-1hydrocortisone infusion (II), a 200-μg bolus of GH (III), or a combination of II and III (IV). Systemic free fatty acid (FFA) turnover was estimated by [9,10-3H]palmitate appearance. Circulating levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon were comparable in I-IV. GH levels were similar in I and II (0.50 ± 0.08 μg/l, mean ± SE). Peak levels during III and IV were ∼9 μg/l. Cortisol levels rose to ∼900 nmol/l in II and IV. Systemic (i.e., palmitate fluxes, s-FFA, s-glycerol) and regional (interstitial adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) markers of lipolysis increased in response to both II and III. In IV, they were higher and equal to the isolated additive effects of the two hormones. In conclusion, we find that GH and cortisol stimulate systemic and regional lipolysis independently and in an additive manner when coadministered. On the basis of previous studies, we speculate that the mode of action is mediated though different pathways.

In-vivo evaluation of dopamine receptor-mediated inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion from the pituitary gland of the goldfish, Carassius auratus

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Omeljaniuk ◽  
S. H. Shih ◽  
R. E. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dopamine Antagonists ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Antagonists ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Dopamine acts directly on the pituitary to modulate gonadotrophin (GtH) secretion in goldfish (Carassius auratus). In the light of this important role for dopamine in the regulation of goldfish reproduction, this investigation was designed to evaluate the receptor specificity of this dopamine inhibition and to describe the use of domperidone, a specific dopamine D2-receptor antagonist, in the manipulation of pituitary function in goldfish. To investigate the specificity of dopamine inhibition of GtH secretion, selected dopamine receptor antagonists were injected i.p. to block dopamine receptors thereby increasing GtH secretion as reflected by increased serum concentrations of GtH. Serum GtH levels were significantly increased by the active stereoisomer (−)-sulpiride in a dose-related fashion; (+)-sulpiride had no effect. Comparison of dopamine antagonists at low doses indicated that only domperidone and pimozide caused significant increases in serum concentrations of GtH. Dopamine antagonists potentiated the action of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-A) with an order of potency of domperidone = pimozide > metoclopramide = fluphenazine. [3H]Domperidone, injected i.p. with unlabelled domperidone, entered the blood and achieved maximum concentrations 12 h after injection, but did not accumulate in the brain in appreciable amounts. Gonadal 3H radioactivity was usually equal to or in excess of blood radioactivity, while [3H]domperidone was highly concentrated in the pituitary in a time-dependent fashion, with maximal accumulation occurring 24 h after injection. The time-course of pituitary accumulation of [3H]domperidone correlated well with the temporal increase in serum GtH levels in response to i.p. injected domperidone or domperidone plus an analogue of LHRH. Domperidone increased serum concentrations of GtH in a dose-related fashion; an analogue of salmon GnRH (sGnRH-A) increased the sensitivity and magnitude of the serum GtH response to domperidone. Serum concentrations of GtH were increased by sGnRH-A in a dose-related fashion; a low dose of domperidone substantially increased the sensitivity of the serum GtH response to sGnRH-A. These results indicate that dopamine inhibits GtH secretion from the goldfish pituitary by acting through a specific mechanism mediated by a dopamine D2 receptor. Domperidone increased serum concentrations of GtH, potentiated the action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormones and did not pass into the brain after i.p. injection into goldfish. The data also suggest that dopamine and GnRH, although acting through different receptors, influence the effect of each other on GtH release. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 449–458

scholarly journals IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Ding ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Handong Zheng ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Catecholamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Circulating Levels

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in white adipose tissue (WAT) promote WAT browning and assist in preventing the development of obesity. However, how ILC2 in adipose tissue is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, our study shows that ILC2s are present in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as subcutaneous and epididymal WAT (sWAT and eWAT). The fractions of ILC2s, natural killer T (NKT) cells and eosinophils in sWAT, eWAT and BAT are significantly decreased by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding and leptin deficiency-induced obesity. Consistent with this, the adipose expression and circulating levels of IL-33, a key inducing cytokine of ILC2, are significantly downregulated by obesity. Furthermore, administration of IL-33 markedly increases the fraction of ILC2 and eosinophil as well as the expression of UCP1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. On the other hand, cold exposure induces the expression levels of IL-33 and UCP1 and the population of ILC2 and eosinophil in sWAT, and these promoting effects of cold stress are reversed by neutralization of IL-33 signaling in vivo. Moreover, the basal and cold-induced IL-33 and ILC2/eosinophil pathways are significantly suppressed by sympathetic denervation via local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in sWAT. Taken together, our data suggest that the ILC2/eosinophil axis in adipose tissue is regulated by sympathetic nervous system and obesity in IL-33-dependent manner, and IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis is implicated in the development of obesity.

Sublethal effect of DDT on osmotic and ionic regulation by the goldfish Carassius auratus

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Weisbart ◽  
Daniel Feiner
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Plasma Electrolytes ◽  
Freshwater System ◽  
Higher Doses

Goldfish treated with up to 35 parts per billion (ppb), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane(DDT) for up to 330 h in a running freshwater system showed significant but inconsistent decreases in plasma osmotic and sodium concentrations and a significant but inconsistent increase in potassium concentrations.Goldfish exposed to 17.5 ppb DDT for 330 h and subsequently transferred to brackish water (synthetic) showed no significant differences in plasma electrolytes from solvent-treated goldfish.No correlation between pesticide concentrations and total lipid content of individual goldfish was found but for one exception. Fish exposed to higher doses showed higher pesticide levels in their bodies.The lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo experiments is discussed.

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