End products of anaerobic metabolism in Cerithidea (Cerithideopsilla) cingulata (Gmelin 1790) and Cerithium coralium Kiener 1841

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Prabhakara Rao ◽  
D. G. V. Prasada Rao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
End Products ◽  
Cerithidea Cingulata ◽  
Lactic Acids

Changes in the utilisation of glycogen and aspartic acid and accumulation of end products such as succinic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, and lactic acid were studied in Cerithidea cingulata and Cerithium coralium under anaerobic conditions. A time-bound utilisation of glycogen and aspartic acid was observed with an initial increase in their utilisation during the earlier hours of anaerobiosis. Accumulation of the end products succinic acid and alanine were found to be high during the initial hours of anaerobiosis. Glutamic and lactic acids were also observed to accumulate but to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals Effect of Modified Atmosphere Composition on the Metabolism of Glucose by Brochothrix thermosphacta

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 4441-4447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Pin ◽  
Gonzalo D. García de Fernando ◽  
Juan A. Ordóñez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Atmosphere Composition ◽  
End Products ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Lactic Acids

ABSTRACT The influence of atmosphere composition on the metabolism of Brochothrix thermosphacta was studied by analyzing the consumption of glucose and the production of ethanol, acetic and lactic acids, acetaldehyde, and diacetyl-acetoin under atmospheres containing different combinations of carbon dioxide and oxygen. When glucose was metabolized under oxygen-free atmospheres, lactic acid was one of the main end products, while under atmospheres rich in oxygen mainly acetoin-diacetyl was produced. The proportions of the total consumed glucose used for the production of acetoin (aerobic metabolism) and lactic acid (anaerobic metabolism) were used to decide whether aerobic or anaerobic metabolism predominated at a given atmosphere composition. The boundary conditions between dominantly anaerobic and aerobic metabolisms were determined by logistic regression. The metabolism of glucose by B. thermosphacta was influenced not only by the oxygen content of the atmosphere but also by the carbon dioxide content. At high CO2 percentages, glucose metabolism remained anaerobic under greater oxygen contents.

The Respiratory Metabolism of Dendrostomum cymodoceae Edmonds (Sipunculoidea)

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
End Products ◽  
Wet Weight

The consumption of oxygen of Dendrostomum cymodoceae at 22'C in aerated sea-water varied from 4-5-5.5 μl/g (wet weight)/hr for adults to 20-31 μ/g/hr for juveniles. The production of carbon dioxide was 13-17 μ/g/hr (juveniles) and the R.Q. varied from 0.55 to 0.67 (juveniles). The rate of consunlption of oxygen decreased as the tension of the dissolved oxygen decreased. The oxygen combined with the pigment of the blood was 2.1 vols. of oxygen per 100 vols. of blood and the ratio of blood volume (ml) to total weight (g) of the animal was 0.47. D. cymodoceae was able to live under anaerobic conditions in sea-water for as long as 5 days and in paraffin oil for 4 days. The haemerythrin in the blood of animals kept under oil was found to be reduced after about 6 hr. Lactic acid was identified as one of the end-products of anaerobiosis. The concentration of lactic acid in the blood of animals living under anaerobic conditions increased after 60 hr from 7-12 to 46-61 μg/ml of blood. The ability to revert to anaerobiosis may have survival value for the species.

Production of succinic acid and lactic acid by Corynebacterium crenatum under anaerobic conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoju Chen ◽  
Shaotong Jiang ◽  
Xingjiang Li ◽  
Lijun Pan ◽  
Zhi Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Corynebacterium Crenatum

Fate of uniformly labelled 14 C glucose in brain slices

1955 ◽  
Vol 144 (914) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Total Glucose

The fate of uniformly labelled 14 C glucose in rat-brain slices has been followed by a quantitative application of the radio paper-chromatography technique. After 60 min incubation with brain tissue approximately 60% of the glucose disappearing from the medium was accounted for as lactic acid, about 20% as CO 2 and most of the remainder as free amino-acids. Of the total glucose metabolized approximately 9% was converted into glutamic acid, 1.5% alanine, 3% γ -amino-butyric acid and 2.4% aspartic acid. Glutamic acid was the first of the amino-acids to be formed from glucose, and was detectable after 3 min incubation of brain tissue with 14 C glucose. Insulin had no effect on glucose metabolism in brain slices. Under anaerobic conditions the total glucose metabolized by brain slices was only about 10% of that found under aerobic conditions; of the total glucose disappearing from the medium anaerobically about 80% was accounted for as lactic acid and the remainder as free unchanged glucose in the tissue cells.

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: XXV. DISSIMILATION OF GLUCOSE BY BACTERIA OF THE GENUS SERRATIA

1948 ◽  
Vol 26b (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Neish ◽  
A. C. Blackwood ◽  
Florence M. Robertson ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Formation ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Typical Strain ◽  
Different Strains

The genus Serratia may be divided into three groups on the basis of three characteristic fermentations found under anaerobic conditions. The first group, comprised of all strains of S. marcescens, S. anolium, and S. indica tested and one strain named S. kielensis, dissimilates glucose as follows: C6H12O6 → CH3CHOHCHOHCH3 + HCOOH + CO2. The second group, containing S. plymouthensis and some unnamed strains, dissimilates glucose according to the equation: C6H12O6 → CH3CHOHCHOHCH3 + 2CO2 + H2. The third group containing only the most typical strain of S. kielensis carries out the reaction: C6H12O6 + 2H2O → 2CH3COOH + 2CO2 + 4H2. These reactions account for approximately one-half of the glucose utilized, the remainder being accounted for chiefly by the ethanol and lactic acid fermentations which are found in varying proportions with different strains. All strains form some succinic acid, probably by carbon dioxide fixation. Under aerobic conditions carbon dioxide formation is stimulated, chiefly at the expense of formic acid with organisms of the first group, while hydrogen formation by organisms of the second and third groups is depressed.

Metabolic End Products in Three Species of Marine Gastropods

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
End Products

One commonly held opinion about the metabolism of intertidal gastropods has recently been expressed by Newell (1970) who stated that in moist air these - as well as other intertidal - animals will respire air ‘whereas under conditions of desiccation closure of… the operculum… may result in anaerobic respiration occurring with the production of lactic acid’ (pp. 266–267). However, although anaerobiosis certainly does occur in intertidal gastropods (Patané, 1957; McMahon & Russell-Hunter, 1978) the conditions controlling this type of metabolism are far from clear. Moreover, recent studies (summarized by de Zwaan, 1977) have revealed a complex pattern of anaerobic metabolism in invertebrates in which the production of lactate is only one - and certainly not the most important - element.

Nutritional efficiency of succinic acid and glutamic acid dimethyl esters in colon carcinoma cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. G852-G859
Author(s):  
T. M. Zhang ◽  
H. Jijakli ◽  
W. J. Malaisse
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Colon Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Colon Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Atp Generation

The dimethyl esters of succinic acid (SAD) and glutamic acid (GME) were found to be efficiently metabolized in colon carcinoma cells of the Caco-2 line. The rate of [1,4-14C]SAD and [2,3-14C]SAD conversion to radioactive acidic metabolites, CO2, amino acids, pyruvic acid, and lactic acid suggested that the catabolism of the ester-derived succinic acid occurred mainly through the sequence of reactions catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and the malic enzyme. This coincided with a marked sparing action of SAD on the utilization of D-[2-(3)H]glucose and D-[5-(3)H]glucose and generation of 14C-labeled acid metabolites, CO2, and lactic acid from D-[U-14C]glucose by the enterocytes. Likewise, the conversion of [U-14C]GME to 14C-labeled amino acids, its oxidation compared with that of [1-(14)C]GME, and the production of NH4+ in the absence or presence of GME indicated efficient catabolism of the latter ester. Like SAD, GME decreased the utilization of D-[5-(3)H]glucose and generation of 14C-labeled acidic metabolites, pyruvate, and CO2 from D-[6-(14)C]glucose, while increasing the generation of 14C-labeled amino acids from the labeled hexose. The oxidation of D-[6-(14)C]glucose was even more severely inhibited by GME. In normal rat intestinal cells, SAM, SAD, and GME also exerted a marked sparing action on D-[U-14C]glucose oxidation. The present findings suggest, therefore, that these esters could possibly be used to sustain ATP generation in intestinal cells.

Studies in the respiratory and carbohydrate metabolism of plant tissues III. Experimental studies of the formation of carbon dioxide and of the changes in lactic acid and other products in potato tubers in air following anaerobic conditions

1953 ◽  
Vol 140 (901) ◽  
pp. 508-522 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
After Effect

This paper is the third in a series dealing with the anaerobic metabolism of potato tubers. In the two earlier papers (Barker & Saifi 1952 a, b ) we considered the changes which occurred during exclusion of oxygen, in the rate of CO 2 production and in the contents o sugar, lactic acid, alcohol and of an unidentified alcohol-soluble fraction. This paper is concerned with the influence of air following a period of anaerobiosis. The data given in the present paper showed that on transfer from the anaerobic to the aerobic state there was an increase in the rate of CO 2 production above the normal aerobic level, followed by a fall towards this level. Associated with this so-called after-effect there was a rapid disappearance of the lactic acid which had accumulated during the period in nitrogen and a quick increase in the sugar content, followed by a slower decrease. These experimental results are analyzed in the fourth paper in the series (page 522).

Studies in the respiratory and carbohydrate metabolism of plant tissues VI. Analysis of the interrelationships between the rate carbon dioxide production and the changes in the conten of lactic acid, sucrose and of certain fractions of keto-acid in potato tubers in air following anaerobic conditions

1953 ◽  
Vol 141 (904) ◽  
pp. 338-362 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions

In the previous paper (Barker & Mapson 1953) the loss of lactic acid which occurs in potato tubers in air after nitrogen and the accompanying increase followed by a decrease in the CO 2 output were shown to be associated with a rapid initial increase in the contents of ‘pyruvic’ and ‘ α -ketoglutaric acids’ followed by a prolonged decrease in these fractions, From an analysis of these data in the present paper the time relations and magnitudes of the changes appear to be such that the increased output of CO 2 and the increased content of ‘pyruvic’ and ‘ α -ketoglutaric acids’ during the initial phase in air after nitrogen can be ascribed to the oxidation of lactic acid to pyruvic acid and the respiration of the pyruvic acid, so produced, via the Krebs tricarboxylic cycle (Krebs & Johnson 1937 ; Krebs 1952). The analysis also indicates that the bulk of the initial outburst in CO 2 was produced by decarboxylation of ‘pyruvic acid’ with smaller contributions from ‘ α -ketoglutaric acid’ and possibly from oxalosuccinic acid. The data are in accord with, but do not prove, the operation of the Krebs cycle in potato I tubers. Reference is made to the earlier observations of Miller, Guthrie & Denny (1936) that potatoes treated with various volatile compounds showed an outburst of CO 2 accompanied by a loss of citric acid. The present authors suggest that this loss of citric acid may be associated with a temporary increase in the content and/or the rate of decarboxylation of ‘α-ketoglutaric acid’. If further work substantiates this hypothesis, there will be strong evidence for the occurrence of the Krebs cycle in potatoes.

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