Ultrasound-sensitive neurons descending in the thoracic nervous system of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Response Amplitude ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Teleogryllus Oceanicus ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Prothoracic Ganglion ◽  
Neuronal Types

Responses were recorded from descending, ultrasound-sensitive interneurons in the promesothoracic connectives of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. The cells were most sensitive to sounds with frequencies of 20–50 kHz. Cells differed in their directionality characteristics; some were most sensitive to ipsilateral sounds, and some were most sensitive to contralateral sounds. Consideration of other response characteristics, such as latency, spiking pattern, and response amplitude, suggests that both directionality classes may contain several neuronal types. Many, though not all, of the cells ceased responding when the connections between the prothoracic ganglion and the head ganglia were severed. Two-tone experiments were performed, and these demonstrated that the responses to high frequency sounds were suppressed by simultaneously presented low frequency sounds. Suppressing frequencies near that of the species' calling song were most effective. The presumed roles of neurons sensitive to high frequency sounds are compared between T. oceanicus and other species.

scholarly journals Autonomic Nervous System Function in Infants With Transposition of the Great Arteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tondi M. Harrison ◽  
Roger L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Risk Infants

The ability to maintain and respond to challenges to homeostasis is primarily a function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In infants with complex congenital heart defects this ability may be impaired. This study described change in ANS function before and after surgical correction in infants with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and in healthy infants. A total of 15 newborn infants with TGA were matched with 16 healthy infants on age, gender, and feeding type. The ANS function was measured using heart rate variability (HRV). Data were collected preoperatively in the 1st week of life and postoperatively before, during, and after feeding at 2 weeks and 2 months of age. Infants with TGA demonstrated significantly lower high-frequency and low-frequency HRV preoperatively ( p < .001) when compared with healthy infants. At 2 weeks, infants with TGA were less likely than healthy infants to demonstrate adaptive changes in high-frequency HRV during feeding (Wald Z = 2.002, p = .045), and at 2 months, 40% of TGA infants exhibited delayed postfeeding recovery. Further research is needed to more thoroughly describe mechanisms of a physiologically adaptive response to feeding and to develop nursing interventions supportive of these high-risk infants.

Longitudinal Autonomic Nervous System Measures Correlate With Stress and Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity and Predict Flare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P Hirten ◽  
Matteo Danieletto ◽  
Robert Scheel ◽  
Mark Shervey ◽  
Jiayi Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Background Differences in autonomic nervous system function, measured by heart rate variability (HRV), have been observed between patients with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy control patients and have been associated in cross-sectional studies with systemic inflammation. High HRV has been associated with low stress. Methods Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were followed for 9 months. Their HRV was measured every 4 weeks using the VitalPatch, and blood was collected at baseline and every 12 weeks assessing cortisol, adrenocorticotropin hormone, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Stool was collected at enrollment and every 6 weeks for fecal calprotectin. Surveys assessing symptoms, stress, resilience, quality of life, anxiety, and depression were longitudinally collected. Results Longitudinally evaluated perceived stress was significantly associated with systemic inflammation (CRP, P = 0.03) and UC symptoms (P = 0.02). There was a significant association between HRV and stress (low-frequency to high-frequency power [LFHF], P = 0.04; root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD], P = 0.04). The HRV was associated with UC symptoms (LFHF, P = 0.03), CRP (high frequency, P &lt; 0.001; low frequency, P &lt; 0.001; RMSSD, P &lt; 0.001), and fecal calprotectin (high frequency, P &lt; 0.001; low frequency, P &lt; 0.001; RMSSD, P &lt; 0.001; LFHF, P &lt; 0.001). Significant changes in HRV indices from baseline developed before the identification of a symptomatic or inflammatory flare (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Longitudinally evaluated HRV was associated with UC symptoms, inflammation, and perceived and physiological measures of stress. Significant changes in HRV were observed before the development of symptomatic or inflammatory flare.

Dose-response relationship of autonomic nervous system responses to individualized training impulse in marathon runners

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. H1733-H1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Manzi ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Elvira Padua ◽  
Mauro Lombardo ◽  
Stefano D'Ottavio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Arterial Pressure Variability ◽  
Individualized Training ◽  
Training Impulse

In athletes, exercise training induces autonomic nervous system (ANS) adaptations that could be used to monitor training status. However, the relationship between training and ANS in athletes has been investigated without regard for individual training loads. We tested the hypothesis that in long-distance athletes, changes in ANS parameters are dose-response related to individual volume/intensity training load and could predict athletic performance. A spectral analysis of heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity by the sequences technique was investigated in eight recreational athletes during a 6-mo training period culminating with a marathon. Individualized training load responses were monitored by a modified training impulse (TRIMPi) method, which was determined in each athlete using the individual HR and lactate profiling determined during a treadmill test. Monthly TRIMPi steadily increased during the training period. All the ANS parameters were significantly and very highly correlated to the dose of exercise with a second-order regression model ( r2 ranged from 0.90 to 0.99; P < 0.001). Variance, high-frequency oscillations of HR variability (HRV), and baroreflex sensitivity resembled a bell-shaped curve with a minimum at the highest TRIMPi, whereas low-frequency oscillations of HR and systolic arterial pressure variability and the low frequency (LF)-to-high frequency ratio resembled an U-shaped curve with a maximum at the highest TRIMPi. The LF component of HRV assessed at the last recording session was significantly and inversely correlated to the time needed to complete the nearing marathon. These results suggest that in recreational athletes, ANS adaptations to exercise training are dose related on an individual basis, showing a progressive shift toward a sympathetic predominance, and that LF oscillations in HRV at peak training load could predict athletic achievement in this athlete population.

Baseline heart rate variability in healthy centenarians: differences compared with aged subjects (>75 years old)

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe PAOLISSO ◽  
Daniela MANZELLA ◽  
Michelangela BARBIERI ◽  
Maria Rosaria RIZZO ◽  
Antonio GAMBARDELLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Normalized Units

Healthy centenarians have better anthropometric, endocrine, metabolic and immunological parameters than aged subjects (> 75 years old). Heart rate variability (HRV) has been demonstrated to be a good index of the cardiac autonomic nervous system. It is not known whether there are any differences in cardiac autonomic nervous system activity between aged subjects and healthy centenarians. It is possible that differences in cardiac autonomic nervous system activity could represent one of a cluster of factors explaining the extreme survival of centenarians. Thus we aimed to answer the following question: is there any difference in baseline HRV parameters between aged subjects and healthy centenarians? Therefore power spectral analysis of HRV at baseline was investigated in 25 aged subjects (age ⩾ 75 years) and 30 healthy centenarians (age ⩾ 100 years). Anthropometric measurements were made in all subjects, fasting blood samples were drawn for metabolite determinations, and HRV was determined. Independent of age, gender, body mass index and fasting plasma noradrenaline and free 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine concentrations, healthy centenarians had lower basal values for total power (1318±546 compared with 1918±818 ms2; P< 0.01) and the low-frequency component (33±21 compared with 50±11 normalized units; P< 0.03) and a higher value for the high-frequency component (77±15 compared with 61±18 normalized units; P< 0.05) than aged subjects. Consequently, the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (0.43±0.07 compared with 0.91±0.05; P< 0.02) was also lower in the healthy centenarians than in the aged subjects. Our study demonstrates that the basal low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, an indirect index of cardiac sympathovagal balance, is lower in healthy centenarians than in aged subjects.

scholarly journals Autonomic nervous system activity in purebred Arabian horses evaluated according to the low frequency and high frequency spectrum versus racing performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Janczarek ◽  
Witold Kędzierski ◽  
Anna Stachurska ◽  
Izabela Wilk ◽  
Ryszard Kolstrung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Racing Performance

Emotional excitability influences horses’ performance in sports and races. The aim of the study was to analyse whether the balance of the autonomic system which can occur when sympathetic system activity is at various levels might impact the horses’ racing performance. The study was carried out on 67 purebred Arabian horses trained for racing. The following indices were analysed: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and the ratio of spectrum power at low frequencies to high frequencies (LF/HF). The autonomic nervous system activity was measured × 3 during the training season, at three-month intervals. Each examination included a 30-min measurement at rest and after a training session. The racing performance indices in these horses were also analysed. Better racing results were found in horses with enhanced LF/HF. The worst racing results were determined in horses with low LF.

Effects of Excitative and Sedative Music on Subjective and Physiological Relaxation

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Iwanaga ◽  
Maki Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Adjective Checklist ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Previous investigations using heart rate as a measure have not clarified the excitative-sedative effects of music. One of the sources of this failure was considered to be use of the index of heart rate. The present purpose was to examine the excitative-sedative effect of music on indices of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous activities through spectral analysis of heart rate. The presented stimuli were three excitative musical pieces and three sedative ones. Subjective feelings about music were measured by an adjective checklist concerning musical activity. Heart-rate variabilities divided into two components of Low Frequency, mainly affected by the sympathetic nervous system and of High Frequency, mainly affected by the parasympathetic nervous system. Six types of heart-rate indices were employed: (1) mean increments from posttrial base, (2) coefficient of variances of heart rate, (3) mean powers of Low Frequency, (4) coefficient of component variances of Low Frequency, (5) mean powers of High Frequency, and (6) coefficient of component variances of High Frequency. From the factor analysis based on responses to an adjective checklist, there was a single major activity factor. Activity scores showed some were high during excitative pieces and others low during sedative ones. For heart rate, excitative-sedative effects of music were observed only in indices related to High Frequency. This result suggests that musical effect was observed in measures of the parasympathetic nervous system but not in the sympathetic nervous system.

scholarly journals Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Whole-Body Vibration and Mental Workload: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Hamed Jalilian ◽  
Zahra Zamanian ◽  
Omid Gorjizadeh ◽  
Shahrzad Riaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Monazzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
The Mean

Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) and mental workload (MWL) are common stressors among drivers who attempt to control numerous variables while driving a car, bus, or train. Objective: To examine the individual and combined effects of the WBV and MWL on the autonomic nervous system. Methods: ECG of 24 healthy male students was recorded using NeXus-4 while performing two difficulty levels of a computerized dual task and when they were exposing to WBV (intensity 0.5 m/s2; frequency 3–20 Hz). Each condition was examined for 5 min individually and combined. Inter-beat intervals were extracted from ECG records. The time-domain and frequency-domain heart rate variability parameters were then extracted from the inter-beat intervals data. Results: A significant (p=0.008) increase was observed in the mean RR interval while the participants were exposed to WBV; there was a significant (p=0.02) reduction in the mean RR interval while the participants were performing the MWL. WBV (p=0.02) and MWL significantly (p<0.001) increased the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals with a moderate-to-large effect size. All active periods increased the low-frequency component and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. However, only the WBV significantly increased the highfrequency component. A significant (p=0.01) interaction was observed between the WBV and MWL on low-frequency component and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. Conclusion: Exposure to WBV and MWL can dysregulate the autonomic nervous system. WBV stimulates both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system; MWL largely affects sympathetic nervous system. Both variables imbalance the sympatho-vagal control as well.

Assessment of autonomic function in humans by heart rate spectral analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. H151-H153 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pomeranz ◽  
R. J. Macaulay ◽  
M. A. Caudill ◽  
I. Kutz ◽  
D. Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Parasympathetic System ◽  
Heart Rate Fluctuations ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations

Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations were assessed by use of autonomic blocking agents and changes in posture. Low-frequency fluctuations (below 0.12 Hz) in the supine position are mediated entirely by the parasympathetic nervous system. On standing, the low-frequency fluctuations increase and are jointly mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. High-frequency fluctuations, at the respiratory frequency, are decreased by standing and are mediated solely by the parasympathetic system. Heart rate spectral analysis is a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity.

Autonomic control of heart rate during physical exercise and fractal dimension of heart rate variability

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Yamamoto ◽  
I. Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine

The objectives of the present study were to investigate autonomic nervous system influence on heart rate during physical exercise and to examine the relationship between the fractal component in heart rate variability (HRV) and the system's response. Ten subjects performed incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer, consisting of a 5-min warm-up period followed by a ramp protocol, with work rate increasing at a rate of 2.0 W/min until exhaustion. During exercise, alveolar gas exchange, plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) responses, and beat-to-beat HRV were monitored. HRV data were analyzed by "coarse-graining spectral analysis" (Y. Yamamoto and R. L. Hughson. J. Appl. Physiol. 71: 1143–1150, 1991) to break down their total power (Pt) into harmonic and nonharmonic (fractal) components. The harmonic component was further divided into low-frequency (0.0–0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15–0.8 Hz) components, from which low-frequency and high-frequency power (Pl and Ph, respectively) were calculated. Parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous system activity indicators were evaluated by Ph/Pt and Pl/Ph, respectively. From the fractal component, the fractal dimension (DF) and the spectral exponent (beta) were calculated. The PNS indicator decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when exercise intensity exceeded 50% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). Conversely, the SNS indicator initially increased at 50–60% VO2peak (P < 0.05) and further increased significantly (P < 0.05) at > 60% VO2peak when there were also more pronounced increases in NE and E.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of Qi-Training on Heart Rate Variability

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong Soo Lee ◽  
Hwa Jeong Huh ◽  
Byung Gi Kim ◽  
Hoon Ryu ◽  
Ho-Sub Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous Function ◽  
Young Subjects

This study investigates changes in autonomic nervous function through Qi-training. The power spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV) was examined in 20 sedentary healthy subjects and 20 Qi-trainees. It was found that Qi-training in healthy young subjects during controlled respiration increases the high frequency (HF) power and decreases the low frequency / high frequency (LF/HF) power ratio of HRV. These results support the hypothesis that Qi-training increases cardiac parasympathetic tone. In addition, Qi-trainees were found to have higher parasympathetic heart modulation compared with their age-matched, sedentary counterparts. This augmented HRV in Qi-trainees provides further support for long-term Qi-training as a possible non-pharmacological cardio-protective maneuver. In conclusion, Qi-training may stabilize the autonomic nervous system by modulating the parasympathetic nervous system.

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