Gauge Unification of Fundamental Forces

This paper presents a mathematical model that provides analytic connection between four fundamental forces (interactions), by using modified reciprocal theorem,derived in the paper, as a convenient template. The essential premise of this work is to demonstrate that if we obtain with a form of the Yukawa potential function [as a meromorphic univalent function], we may eventually obtain the Coloumb Potential as a univalent function outside of the unit disk. Finally, we introduce the new problem statement about assigning Meijer's G-functions to Yukawa and Coloumb potentials as an open problem.

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Q & A. Lisa Randall. [interview]

10.31219/osf.io/sjfxn ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adib Rifqi Setiawan

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Particle Physics ◽

Harvard University ◽

The Past ◽

Talent Search ◽

Cosmological Inflation ◽

On Line ◽

Theoretical Physicist ◽

Fundamental Forces

Lisa Randall is a theoretical physicist working in particle physics and cosmology. She was born in Queens, New York City, on June 18, 1962. Lisa Randall is an alumna of Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics; and she graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1980. She won first place in the 1980 Westinghouse Science Talent Search at the age of 18; and at Harvard University, Lisa Randall earned both a BA in physics (1983) and a PhD in theoretical particle physics (1987) under advisor Howard Mason Georgi III, a theoretical physicist. She is currently Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science on the physics faculty of Harvard University, where he has been for the past a decade. Her works concerns elementary particles and fundamental forces, and has involved the study of a wide variety of models, the most recent involving dimensions. She has also worked on supersymmetry, Standard Model observables, cosmological inflation, baryogenesis, grand unified theories, and general relativity. Consequently, her studies have made her among the most cited and influential theoretical physicists and she has received numerous awards and honors for her scientific endeavors. Since December 27, 2010 at 00:42 (GMT+7), Lisa Randall is Twitter’s user with account @lirarandall. “Thanks to new followers. Interesting how different it feels broadcasting on line vs.via book or article. Explanations? Pithiness? Rapidity?” is her first tweet.

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UNDERGROUND LABORATORIES AND THEIR PHYSICS REACH

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x12300086 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (08) ◽

pp. 1230008

Author(s):

E. COCCIA

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Cosmic Rays ◽

Nuclear Astrophysics ◽

Astroparticle Physics ◽

The World ◽

Radioactive Background ◽

Earth's Crust ◽

Silence Condition ◽

Rare Phenomena ◽

Fundamental Forces

Underground laboratories, shielded by the Earth's crust from the particles that rain down on the surface in the form of cosmic rays, provide the low radioactive background environment necessary to host key experiments in the field of particle and astroparticle physics, nuclear astrophysics and other disciplines that can profit of their characteristics and of their infrastructures. The cosmic silence condition existing in these laboratories allows the search for extremely rare phenomena and the exploration of the highest energy scales that cannot be reached with accelerators. Major fundamental challenges are within the scope of these laboratories, notably, understanding the properties of neutrinos and dark matter, and exploring the unification of the fundamental forces of nature. I will review the physics reach and briefly describe the main underground facilities that are presently in operation around the world.

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Form and History in Modern Arabic Poetics

10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.1206 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huda Fakhreddine

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Arab World ◽

Prose Poem ◽

Poetic Tradition ◽

Literary Traditions ◽

History Of ◽

The Rich ◽

The 1960S ◽

Fundamental Forces ◽

Modern Arabic

Modern Arabic poetic forms developed in conversation with the rich Arabic poetic tradition, on one hand, and the Western literary traditions, primarily English and French, on the other. In light of the drastic social and political changes that swept the Arab world in the first half of the 20th century, Western influences often appear in the scholarship on the period to be more prevalent and operative in the rise of the modernist movement. Nevertheless, one of the fundamental forces that drove the movement from its early phases is its urgent preoccupation with the Arabic poetic heritage and its investment in forging a new relationship with the literary past. The history of poetic forms in the first half of the 20th century reveals much about the dynamics between margin and center, old and new, commitment and escapism, autochthonous and outside imperatives. Arabic poetry in the 20th century reflects the political and social upheavals in Arab life. The poetic forms which emerged between the late 1940s and early 1960s presented themselves as aesthetically and ideologically revolutionary. The modernist poets were committed to a project of change in the poem and beyond. Developments from the qas̩īdah of the late 19th century to the prose poem of the 1960s and the notion of writing (kitābah) after that suggest an increased loosening or abandoning of formal restrictions. However, the contending poetic proposals, from the most formal to the most experimental, all continue to coexist in the Arabic poetic landscape in the 21st century. The tensions and negotiations between them are what often lead to the most creative poetic breakthroughs.

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Gauge Unification of the Four Fundamental Forces

Physics and Contemporary Needs ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-3345-6_11 ◽

1978 ◽

pp. 419-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Abdus Salam

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Forces

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An Octanol Hinge Opens the Door to Water Transport

10.26434/chemrxiv.11984427 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhu Liu ◽

Aurora Clark

Keyword(s):

Solute Transport ◽

Lipid Membranes ◽

Potential Energy Function ◽

Phase Boundaries ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Interfacial Surface ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Fundamental Forces ◽

Double Well Potential

Despite prevalent use as a surrogate for partitioning of pharmacologically active and natural products across lipid membranes, the mechanism of solute transport across water/octanol phase boundaries remains unexplored. Using classical molecular dynamics with uniquely benchmarked forcefields, graph theoretical and cluster analysis, and Langevin dynamics, we reveal an elegant mechanism for the transport of the simplest solute, water. At equilibrium, small groups of octanol at the instantaneous interface bind water and swing like hinge of a door to bring water into a semi-organized second interfacial layer (octanol ``bilayer islands"), where water can then diffuse into bulk octanol or be returned to the aqueous phase. The fundamental forces, collective, and reversible behavior, is well-described by a double well potential energy function, satisfying the basic principles of a simple molecular machine for solute transport. Unlike other transporting machines, this example leverages the interfacial surface fluctuations rather than circumventing them, imparting new design principles for hierarchically organized structures that transport solutes across liquid/liquid phase boundaries.

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