CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF X-RAYS

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. YOSHIHARA ◽  
J. IIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Shift ◽  
Emission Probability ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Satellite Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Profile Change

Various aspects of chemical effects on X-ray spectra such as energy shift, emission probability change, satellite formation and peak profile change are reviewed in recent studies. Applicability of the chemical effect to analysis of practical samples is also discussed. Though the emphasis is laid on PIXE, other X-ray production techniques are also taken into consideration because new trends of X-ray production and measurement are growing.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Determination of Chemical Effects onFluorescence Yields and Vacancy Transfer Probabilities ofTin Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Tursucu ◽  
Mehmet Haskul ◽  
Asaf Tolga Ulgen
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tin Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Fluorescence Efficiency ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Transfer Probability

In the current work, it was investigated to the K X-ray fluorescence efficiency and chemical effect on vacancy transfer probability for some tin compounds. We used Br2Tin, TinI2, SeTin, TinF2, TinSO4, TinCl2, TinO and TinS compounds for experimental study. The target samples were irradiated with 241Am annular radioactive source at the intensity of 5 Ci which emits gamma rays at wavelength of 0.2028 nm. The characteristic x-rays emitted because of the excitation are collected by a high-resolution HPGe semiconductor detector. It has been determined that the experimental calculations of the tin (Sn) element are compatible with the theoretical calculation. In addition, we have calculated the experimental intensity ratios, fluorescence yields and total vacancy transfer probabilitiesfor other Sn compounds. 

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Determination of Chemical Effects onFluorescence Yields and Vacancy Transfer Probabilities ofTin Compounds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Tursucu ◽  
Mehmet Haskul ◽  
Asaf Tolga Ulgen
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tin Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Fluorescence Efficiency ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Transfer Probability

In the current work, it was investigated to the K X-ray fluorescence efficiency and chemical effect on vacancy transfer probability for some tin compounds. We used Br2Tin, TinI2, SeTin, TinF2, TinSO4, TinCl2, TinO and TinS compounds for experimental study. The target samples were irradiated with 241Am annular radioactive source at the intensity of 5 Ci which emits gamma rays at wavelength of 0.2028 nm. The characteristic x-rays emitted because of the excitation are collected by a high-resolution HPGe semiconductor detector. It has been determined that the experimental calculations of the tin (Sn) element are compatible with the theoretical calculation. In addition, we have calculated the experimental intensity ratios, fluorescence yields and total vacancy transfer probabilitiesfor other Sn compounds. 

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Determination of Chemical Effects onFluorescence Yields and Vacancy Transfer Probabilities ofTin Compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Tursucu ◽  
Mehmet Haskul ◽  
Asaf Tolga Ulgen
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tin Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Fluorescence Efficiency ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Transfer Probability

In the current work, it was investigated to the K X-ray fluorescence efficiency and chemical effect on vacancy transfer probability for some tin compounds. We used Br2Tin, TinI2, SeTin, TinF2, TinSO4, TinCl2, TinO and TinS compounds for experimental study. The target samples were irradiated with 241Am annular radioactive source at the intensity of 5 Ci which emits gamma rays at wavelength of 0.2028 nm. The characteristic x-rays emitted because of the excitation are collected by a high-resolution HPGe semiconductor detector. It has been determined that the experimental calculations of the tin (Sn) element are compatible with the theoretical calculation. In addition, we have calculated the experimental intensity ratios, fluorescence yields and total vacancy transfer probabilitiesfor other Sn compounds. 

COMPOSITION AND OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY-SYNTHESIZED GaAs NANOCRYSTALS

2004 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. NAYAK ◽  
S. VARMA ◽  
D. PARAMANIK ◽  
S. N. SAHU
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Shift ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core ◽  
Infrared Luminescence ◽  
Binding Energy Shift

The synthesis of the GaAs nanoparticles, having sizes 7 nm to 15 nm, by a low cost electrochemical technique has been reported. The absence of any foreign impurity has been confirmed by the Proton-Induced X-rays Emission analysis. Rutherford Backscattering measurement has been performed in order to estimate the thickness of the nanoparticle-generated thin film as a function of the electrolysis current density. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic study confirms the formation of GaAs and exhibits the binding energy shift of the core shell electrons as an implication of the nanostructure effect. Very weak infrared luminescence due to the radiative recombination of the impurity bound exciton has been detected from yttrium-doped GaAs nanocrystals, even at room temperature.

KAONIC HELIUM MEASUREMENTS IN THE SIDDHARTA EXPERIMENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 601-603
Author(s):  
◽  
D. L. SIRGHI ◽  
M. BAZZI ◽  
G. BEER ◽  
L. BOMBELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Shift ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Kaonic Hydrogen ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kaonic Deuterium ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hadronic Atom

The SIDDHARTA experiment (SIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Application) had the aim to perform kaonic atoms X-ray transitions measurements, to better understand aspects of the low-energy QCD in the strangeness sector. The experiment combined the excellent low-energy kaon beam generated at DAΦNE, allowing to use gaseous targets, with excellent fast X-rays detectors: Silicon Drift Detectors. SIDDHARTA was installed on DAΦNE in autumn 2008 and took data till late 2009. Apart of the kaonic hydrogen and kaonic deuterium measurements, we have performed the kaonic helium transitions to the 2p level ( L -lines) measurements: for the first time in a gaseous target for helium4 and for the first time ever for kaonic helium3. The interest for such type of measurement was rather high, being it triggered by two reasons: the so-called "kaonic helium puzzle" (even if this was solved by KEK-PS E570 experiment, but a cross-check was useful) and some theoretical predictions of possible high energy shift (at the level of 10 eV). In this paper the preliminary results for the measurements to the 2p level ( L -series) for kaonic helium4 and kaonic helium3 are presented.

scholarly journals REMARKS ON RELATIONS BETWEEN X-RAY EMISSION AND AUGER TRANSITION RATES AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES: CHEMICAL EFFECT

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-240
Author(s):  
M. KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Transition Rate ◽  
Bond Order ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Auger Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Valence Electron Density ◽  
Chemical Effects

Relations are pointed out that there exist between (1) the X-ray emission rate and the π bond order and (2) the Auger transition rate and the valence electron density (chemical effects) resulting from C ls vacancy in carbon-containing molecules. Recognition of these relations is very important for analysis of experimental data and for prediction of these quantities, for which no data are available.

Effect of ion bombardment during the low-mobility growth of metallic superlattices

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Window ◽  
F. Sharples
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Lattice Spacing ◽  
Bragg Peak ◽  
Ion Bombardment ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Lattice ◽  
Profile Change

The structure of sputtered Mo/Fe superlattices of periodicities 9 to 30 Å grown at a substrate temperature of 300 K at various pressures and levels of low-energy ion bombardment have been studied using x-ray diffraction. The samples show the growth of an amorphous phase below 17 Å periodicity and a crystalline phase above 21 Å, with mixed phases in between. Limited ion bombardment reduces the coherency in the growth direction in the crystalline phase, while heavy bombardment sufficient to promote significant mixing acts to improve the coherency, but not to the level observed in films with no bombardment. The relative intensities of the average lattice spacing reflection and its most intense satellite give the composition profile change due to the ion mixing. Some ion bombardment of the iron layer markedly improves the reflectance for x-rays at both low and high angles near the Bragg peak due to the average lattice spacing.

scholarly journals Femtosecond electronic structure response to high intensity XFEL pulses probed by iron X-ray emission spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alonso-Mori ◽  
Dimosthenis Sokaras ◽  
Marco Cammarata ◽  
Yuantao Ding ◽  
Yiping Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Energy Shift ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

Abstract We report the time-resolved femtosecond evolution of the K-shell X-ray emission spectra of iron during high intensity illumination of X-rays in a micron-sized focused hard X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam. Detailed pulse length dependent measurements revealed that rapid spectral energy shift and broadening started within the first 10 fs of the X-ray illumination at intensity levels between 1017 and 1018 W cm-2. We attribute these spectral changes to the rapid evolution of high-density photoelectron mediated secondary collisional ionization processes upon the absorption of the incident XFEL radiation. These fast electronic processes, occurring at timescales well within the typical XFEL pulse durations (i.e., tens of fs), set the boundary conditions of the pulse intensity and sample parameters where the widely-accepted ‘probe-before-destroy’ measurement strategy can be adopted for electronic-structure related XFEL experiments.

Excitation of Plasmons with X-rays

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kessar D. Alexopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Surface Plasmons ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Energy Shift ◽  
Short Review ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Colloidal Materials

A short review is given of plasma phenomena produced in solids by impinging X-rays. The first category refers to bulk plamons due to X-ray photons scattered on solids. They are observed through the appearance of a new component in the spectrum of the scattered radiation. The energy shift increases slightly with scattering angle but eventually the dispersion stops. A second category of phenomena consists in the light emitted by decaying surface plasmons. They are excited by photoelectrons produced in colloidal materials by X-rays. The spectrum shifts with the dielectric constant of the stabilizing medium.

HIGH RESOLUTION SOFT X-RAY SPECTROMETER FOR CHEMICAL STATE ANALYSIS BY PIXE

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. MAEDA ◽  
Y. SASA ◽  
M. UDA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical State ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Crystal Spectrometer ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Ion Impact ◽  
State Analysis

A soft X-ray crystal spectrometer designed for chemical state analysis by PIXE is described. A windowless, microchannel plate (MCP) electron multiplier combined with a photodiode array was used as a position-sensitive detector for X-rays diffracted by a plane crystal. The spectrometer was tested for Al Kα and Fe L X-ray spectra induced by 15 MeV N2+ ion impact. An energy resolution (FWHM) of 1.5 eV for the 1487 eV Al Kα1, 2 line was obtained for metallic Al, and satellite structures of Al Kα arising from multiply ionized states were well resolved. Fe L X-ray spectra were measured for Fe2O3 and metallic Fe. Chemical effects were clearly recognized in the Fe Lα/Lβ intensity ratio and in the intensity distributions of their multiple vacancy satellites.

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