Limit Analysis Solutions for Stability Factor of Unsupported Conical Slopes in Clays with Heterogeneity and Anisotropy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Qui Lai ◽  
Dang Khoa Nguyen ◽  
Rungkhun Banyong ◽  
Suraparb Keawsawasvong
Keyword(s):  
Limit Analysis ◽  
Stability Factor

Stability of Slopes in Anisotropic, Nonhomogeneous Soils

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Chen ◽  
N. Snitbhan ◽  
H. Y. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Limit Analysis ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Failure Plane ◽  
Limit Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
Upper Bound Technique ◽  
The Stability

The upper bound technique of limit analysis has been found to be very successful in analyzing the stability of cuttings in normally consolidated clays. However, most soils in their natural states exhibit some anisotropy with respect to shear strength, and some nonhomogeneity with respect to depth. It is difficult to obtain the solution based on the classical limit equilibrium analysis with the assumed noncircular failure plane with such soil properties included. This paper establishes an expression for the stability factor Ns, based on the upper bound technique of limit analysis which yields a close-formed solution for sections in which the following conditions are considered: (a) log-spiral failure-plane, through and below toe; (b) non-homogeneity; (c) anisotropy; and (d) general slope.

Evaluation of the Current Concrete Design Code on Shear and End Anchorage of Deep Beams by a Limit Analysis Based on Concrete Plasticity

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318
Author(s):  
Hosoon Choi ◽  
Sung-Gul Hong ◽  
Young Hak Lee ◽  
Heecheul Kim ◽  
Dae-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Limit Analysis ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Deep Beams

Improving Topical Skin Delivery of Monocrotaline Via Liposome Gel-based Nanosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 940-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandong Yu ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Yan-zhi Yin ◽  
Chaoyuan Tang ◽  
Enying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Method ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Skin Delivery ◽  
Skin Retention

Background: In this study, a liposomal gel based on a pH-gradient method was used to increase the skin-layer retention of monocrotaline (MCT) for topical administration. Methods: Using the Box-Behnken design, different formulations were designed to form liposome suspensions with optimal encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and stability factor (KE). In order to keep MCT in liposomes and accumulate in skin slowly and selectively, MCT liposome suspensions were engineered into gels. Results: A pH-gradient method was used to prepare liposome suspensions. The optimal formulation of liposome suspensions (encapsulation efficiency: 83.10 ± 0.21%) was as follows: MCT 12 mg, soybean phosphatidyl choline (sbPC) 200 mg, cholesterol (CH) 41 mg, vitamin E (VE) 5 mg, and citric acid buffer solution (CBS) 4.0 10 mL (pH 7.0). The final formulation of liposomal gels consisted of 32 mL liposome suspensions, 4.76 mL deionized water, 0.40 g Carbopol-940, 1.6 g glycerol, 0.04 g methylparaben, and a suitable amount of triethanolamine for pH value adjustment. The results of in vitro drug release showed that MCT in liposomal gels could be released in 12 h constantly in physiological saline as a Ritger-Peppas model. Compared with plain MCT in gel form, liposomal MCT in gel had higher skin retention in vitro. Conclusion: In this study, liposomal gels were formed for greater skin retention of MCT. It is potentially beneficial for reducing toxicities of MCT by topical administration with liposomal gel.

Determining the Norton’s Equivalent Model of Distribution System with Distributed Generation (DG) for Stability Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Sunny Katyara ◽  
Lukasz Staszewski ◽  
Faheem Akhtar Chachar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Issues

Background: Since the distribution networks are passive until Distributed Generation (DG) is not being installed into them, the stability issues occur in the distribution system after the integration of DG. Methods: In order to assure the simplicity during the calculations, many approximations have been proposed for finding the system’s parameters i.e. Voltage, active and reactive powers and load angle, more efficiently and accurately. This research presents an algorithm for finding the Norton’s equivalent model of distribution system with DG, considering from receiving end. Norton’s model of distribution system can be determined either from its complete configuration or through an algorithm using system’s voltage and current profiles. The algorithm involves the determination of derivative of apparent power against the current (dS/dIL) of the system. Results: This work also verifies the accuracy of proposed algorithm according to the relative variations in the phase angle of system’s impedance. This research also considers the varying states of distribution system due to switching in and out of DG and therefore Norton’s model needs to be updated accordingly. Conclusion: The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified through MATLAB simulation results under two scenarios, (i) normal condition and (ii) faulty condition. During normal condition, the stability factor near to 1 and change in dS/dIL was near to 0 while during fault condition, the stability factor was higher than 1 and the value of dS/dIL was away from 0.

scholarly journals Limit Analysis of Geometrically Hardening Rod Systems using Bilevel Programming

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Aliawdin ◽  
Krystyna Urbańska
Keyword(s):  
Limit Analysis ◽  
Bilevel Programming

scholarly journals A finite difference method for the static limit analysis of masonry domes under seismic loads

Meccanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola A. Nodargi ◽  
Paolo Bisegna
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Finite Difference Method ◽  
Limit Analysis ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Static Limit ◽  
Shear Response ◽  
Masonry Domes ◽  
Seismic Forces

AbstractThe static limit analysis of axially symmetric masonry domes subject to pseudo-static seismic forces is addressed. The stress state in the dome is represented by the shell stress resultants (normal-force tensor, bending-moment tensor, and shear-force vector) on the dome mid-surface. The classical differential equilibrium equations of shells are resorted to for imposing the equilibrium of the dome. Heyman’s assumptions of infinite compressive and vanishing tensile strength, alongside with cohesive-frictional shear response, are adopted for imposing the admissibility of the stress state. A finite difference method is proposed for the numerical discretization of the problem, based on the use of two staggered rectangular grids in the parameter space generating the dome mid-surface. The resulting discrete static limit analysis problem results to be a second-order cone programming problem, to be effectively solved by available convex optimization softwares. In addition to a convergence analysis, numerical simulations are presented, dealing with the parametric analysis of the collapse capacity under seismic forces of spherical and ogival domes with parameterized geometry. In particular, the influence that the shear response of masonry material and the distribution of horizontal forces along the height of the dome have on the collapse capacity is explored. The obtained results, that are new in the literature, show the computational merit of the proposed method, and quantitatively shed light on the seismic resistance of masonry domes.

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