scholarly journals The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Gateway to Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 455-469
Author(s):  
Mir Sher Baz Khetran ◽  
Muhammad Humayun Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); and its launch in 2015 was regarded as a landmark event in the history of the Sino-Pakistani relationship. With a budget amounting to over $62 billion, it has become the foremost regional integration initiative between China and Pakistan. The project is also open to all interested regional stakeholders, among which Central Asia is one of the most important in geopolitical terms. Located in a landlocked but resource-rich region, Central Asian countries need better access to regional markets including Pakistan, China, India, and the countries of West Asia. Pakistan and China have huge energy demands that can be satisfied by growing trade with Central Asia. Thus, the CPEC will not only benefit Pakistan and China, but it also presents a strategic opportunity for Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan to transport their goods more easily and gain competitiveness in regional and global markets.

scholarly journals Extent of the “Belt and Road” Initiative in Stimulating Economic Growth in Post-Soviet Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Yiling Ding
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Five Central Asian Countries

As the “core area” of the “Silk Road Economic Belt,” the five Central Asian countries occupy an important position in the “Belt and Road” strategy. With the increase of China’s investment, the infrastructure of the five Central Asian countries has been continuously developing, economy persists to grow, and the people’s standards of living have been constantly improved. This article focuses on how the “Belt and Road” initiative has promoted the economic growth of the five Central Asian countries.

UNDERSTANDING JAPANESE SOFT POWER POLICY AND ITS FEATURE IN CENTRAL ASIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 029-038
Author(s):  
Farrukh Usmonov ◽  
Fumiaki Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Asian Countries

The states of the Central Asian region obtained their independence in 1991 and have been undergoing a turbulent transition process, such as civil war, cross-border conflicts, revolution and socio-political reforms. Japan has been furthering its cooperation with the Central Asian countries since the day diplomatic relations were established. Despite only a 25-year history of cooperation, Japan has developed numerous and diverse patterns of involvement in the Central Asian region. There is a positive attitude towards Japan and Japanese people among the population of Central Asian countries. This work explores the features of Japanese soft power policy and its development in Central Asia. The core of the multilateral collaboration format in Japanese Central Asian Policy is “Central Asia + Japan,” which aims to promote inter-regional and intra-regional cooperation among the Central Asian states.

scholarly journals Regional Integration in Central Asia: Efforts and Results

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargiza Sakmurzaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Central Asian countries have created and joined many regional economic organizations. The aim of this paper is to identify the efforts and obstacles of regional integration and cooperation in Central Asia against the international experience with regional integration in Europe. At present, the governments of Central Asian countries have still not realized the network's function and advantage of regional integration. Since 2000’s integration process in Central Asia conducted by Russia’s initiatives. So regional integration which could include only five Central Asian countries became unreal. This paper examines why today there is no Central Asian Union? In order to analyze the topic were used books written by Dadabayev, Karasar and Kushkumbaev, Dikkaya, papers by Zeyrek, Linn, Erol and Shahin. As the methods of analysis were used comparative method of analysis and historical analysis.

scholarly journals China’s interests in Central Asian economies

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
Lea Melnikovová
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Soviet Central Asia

AbstractIn Post-Soviet Central Asia, China is emerging as one of the most influential players as a result of an overall increase in its global role. The Central Asian region forms a crucial part of the Belt and Road Initiative thanks to its strategic location and natural wealth. Relations between China and Central Asian countries have been developing very dynamically over the past two decades and China has had a substantial impact on the five economies. Although the Chinese approach is quite cautious regarding politics and security, there is much greater interest in the economic side, most significantly in energy and infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to explore the key issues behind China’s economic presence in the region and to determine subsequent challenges for Central Asian countries. The methodology consists of an analysis of Chinese investment characteristics in order to understand the economic consequences of the superpower’s involvement in Central Asia.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Industrial Trade Relationship between China and Central Asia from the Perspective of the Belt and Road Economic Belt

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Chun Feng ◽  
Guojian Liang ◽  
Zhijun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Central Asian Countries

The Central Asian countries are very rich in mineral resources. They are an important production area of the world’s energy resources and an export area of the world’s energy industry, which greatly compensates for the shortage of China’s overseas energy resources supply. China and the Central Asian countries have complementary industrial advantages and the continuous development of economic and trade between the two sides. Reached a new height. This article selects relevant statistics of import and export products of representative industries in China and Central Asia in recent years, and attempts to explore the industrial status of China’s and Central Asian countries’ industrial imports and exports from multiple perspectives, hoping to gain influence on China and Central Asian countries. Industrial import and export industry factors, and to these industrial factors to further put forward the development of China and Central Asian countries industry import and export related industries countermeasures.

CHINA: GEO-ECONOMIC SCENARIO IN CENTRAL ASIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 022-028
Author(s):  
Julia Harlamova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Central Asian Countries

The article discusses China’s geo-economic presence in the Central Asian region and analyzes the history and causes of this phenomenon in the form of a detailed discussion of the interaction between China and the Central Asian countries in the energy and transportation spheres. It notes the special role of Kazakhstan in the realization of Belt and Road Initiative and pays particular attention to certain aspects of China’s crediting and investment policy.

To What Extent is the “Belt and Road” Initiative Stimulating Economic Growth in Post-Soviet Central Asia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Yiling Ding
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Five Central Asian Countries

As the “core area” of the “Silk Road Economic Belt,” the five Central Asian countries occupy an important position in the “Belt and Road” strategy. With the increase of China’s investment, the infrastructure of the five Central Asian countries has been continuously developing, economy persists to grow, and the people’s standards of living have been constantly improved. This article will focus on how the “Belt and Road” initiative has promoted the economic growth of the five Central Asian countries.

scholarly journals Problems of Regionalization in Post-Soviet Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
D. B. Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Asian Countries

Different interpretations of the concept of “Central Asia” (CA) as well as mutual definitions of its geographical borders indicate the incompleteness in the process of forming Central Asia as a region. Regionalization as an effective form of upholding and promoting by Central Asian countries their national interests is distinguished in Central Asia by a multilevel characterization. It includes the desire of the republics to promote their national interests as sovereign states, then to develop their trade, economic and political interaction within the framework of integration processes, and to join various integration initiatives and supranational projects with a wide range of non‑regional participants. Central Asian states’ attempts to develop intra‑regional cooperation in the period from 1994 to 2005 ended in failure. Since 2017, the idea of a “new integration” has been gaining popularity in Central Asia, and it is considered to be a part of the construction within the framework of the Union of Central Asian States which is planned for creation. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan claim for the role of “region‑forming” countries and two cores around which the development of hypothetical regional integration is possible. At the same time, the foreign policy of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, their approaches to security problems have a kind of differences, while their regional neighbors are also differ from each other in their approaches to some economic and social issues; the resource base of Central Asian states is incomparable either. Therefore, there are many factors that hinder a regionalization as well as an integration. Among them are the centripetal aspirations of the Central Asian countries/ They prefer, instead of neighbors in the region, external partners and markets, international financial institutions and donor structures. There are objective obstacles that impede regionalization, including the fact that the five republics of the region reluctant to share the sovereignty acquired after the collapse of the USSR in favor of supranational structures, whether they operate on the scale of the post‑Soviet space or they are planned to be created within the region.

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