Lessons from Applying Market-Based Incentives in Watershed Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Muchapondwa ◽  
Jesper Stage ◽  
Eric Mungatana ◽  
Pushpam Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Private Sector Participation ◽  
The World

Watershed management is a complex activity with constraints on funding and human resources in many parts of the world, and there is a need for global effort to identify strategies that can work. To complement regulatory approaches, attention is now also being given to market-based incentives because of their potential cost-effectiveness. This study seeks to provide impetus to the use of the most successful market-based incentives to promote sustainable watershed practices through strengthening and increasing direct participation by local communities and the private sector. To identify proven market-based incentives for use to catalyze local community and private sector participation, a review of a sample of 26 purposively selected case studies from different contexts in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas is conducted. In reviewing those case studies, emphasis is placed on understanding the threats to specific watersheds, the market-based incentives used, the countrywide policy environment, the outcomes from the interventions, the factors for success and failure, and the pertinent policy issues in support of upscaling and the uptake of appropriate market-based approaches. The study identifies seven key policies that Governments should consider to upscale and facilitate the uptake of market-based incentives to promote participation by local communities and the private sector in watershed management.

scholarly journals Examining Cost Measurements in Production and Delivery of Three Case Studies Using E-Learning for Applied Health Sciences: Cross-Case Synthesis

10.2196/13574 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. e13574
Author(s):  
Edward Meinert ◽  
Abrar Alturkistani ◽  
Kimberley A Foley ◽  
David Brindley ◽  
Josip Car
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
The World ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Cost

Background The World Health Report (2006) by the World Health Organization conveys that a significant increase is needed in global health care resourcing to meet the current and future demand for health professionals. Electronic learning (e-Learning) presents a possible opportunity to change and optimize training by providing a scalable means for instruction, thus reducing the costs for training health professionals and providing patient education. Research literature often suggests that a benefit of e-Learning is its cost-effectiveness compared with face-to-face instruction, yet there is limited evidence with respect to the comparison of design and production costs with other forms of instruction or the establishment of standards pertaining to budgeting for these costs. Objective To determine the potential cost favorability of e-Learning in contrast to other forms of learning, there must first be an understanding of the components and elements for building an e-Learning course. Without first taking this step, studies lack the essential financial accounting rigor for course planning and have an inconsistent basis for comparison. This study aimed to (1) establish standard ingredients for the cost of e-Learning course production and (2) determine the variance instructional design has on the production costs of e-Learning courses. Methods This study made use of a cross-case method among 3 case studies using mixed methods, including horizontal budget variance calculation and qualitative interpretation of responses from course designers for budget variance using total quality management themes. The different implementation-specific aspects of these cases were used to establish common principles in the composition of budgets in the production and delivery of an applied health professional e-Learning course. Results A total of 2 case studies reported significant negative budget variances caused by issues surrounding underreporting of personnel costs, inaccurate resource task estimation, lack of contingency planning, challenges in third-party resource management, and the need to update health-related materials that became outdated during course production. The third study reported a positive budget variance because of the cost efficiency derived from previous implementation, the strong working relationship of the course project team, and the use of iterative project management methods. Conclusions This research suggests that the delivery costs of an e-Learning course could be underestimated or underreported and identifies factors that could be used to better control budgets. Through consistent management of factors affecting the cost of course production, further research could be undertaken using standard economic evaluation methods to evaluate the advantages of using e-Learning.

Forms of government and local community participation in the management of cultural World Heritage sites in Southeast Asia | รูปแบบของรัฐกับการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชนท้องถิ่นในการจัดการแหล่งมรดกโลกทาง วัฒนธรรม ในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithaya Arporn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Local Community ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural World

This paper studied the management of three World Heritage sites in 3 countries of Southeast Asia : Malaysia, Laos, and Thailand. The results of this research show that a decentralized form of government in Southeast Asia provides opportunities for local communities to develop better participation in the World Heritage site management than the centralized forms of government. For local communities to contribute to the World Heritage philosophy, it is necessary to improve both the conceptual and practical aspects of the World Heritage Committee, Advisory organizations, and State Parties. They have to learn lessons and agree to work closely together. บทความนี้เลือกศึกษาการจัดการแหล่งมรดกโลกจำานวน 3 แหล่งในประเทศมาเลเซีย ลาว และไทย โดยใช้วิธีการ สำารวจเอกสาร ผลการศึกษาพบว่า รูปแบบของรัฐในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ที่กระจายอำานาจจะเปิดโอกาสให้ ชุมชนท้องถิ่นสามารถพัฒนาการมีส่วนร่วมในการจัดการแหล่งมรดกโลกได้ดีกว่ารูปแบบรัฐที่รวบอำานาจ การที่จะ ให้ชุมชนท้องถิ่นมีส่วนร่วมตามปรัชญาของมรดกโลกจึงจะต้องปรับปรุงทั้งในส่วนของกรอบคิดและการปฏิบัติทั้งใน ส่วนของคณะกรรมการมรดกโลก องค์กรที่ปรึกษา และรัฐภาคี โดยต้องสรุปบทเรียนและยอมรับร่วมกันอย่างใกล้ ชิด

The travelling business of sustainable urbanism: International consultants as norm-setters

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1779-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rapoport ◽  
Anna Hult
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Sustainable Urbanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

This article examines the international travels of ideas about sustainable urban planning and design through a focus on private sector architecture, planning and engineering consultants. These consultants, who we refer to as the global intelligence corps (GIC), package up their expertise in urban sustainability as a marketable commodity, and apply it on projects around the world. In doing so, the global intelligence corps shape norms about what constitutes ‘good’ sustainable urban planning, and contribute to the development of an internationalised travelling model of sustainable urbanism. This article draws on a broad study of the industry (GIC) in sustainable urban planning and design, and two in-depth case studies of Swedish global intelligence corps firms working on Chinese Eco-city projects. Analysis of this material illustrates how the global intelligence corps’s work shapes a traveling model of sustainable urbanism, and how this in turn creates and reinforces particular norms in urban planning practice.

scholarly journals EXPLORING LOCAL COMMUNITY PERCEPTION TO THE ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT ATTRACTION AT TUMPA MOUNT FOREST PARK, MANADO, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Jufrina Mandulangi ◽  
Benny Irwan Towoliu
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
The Government ◽  
Community Supports

Tourism development is inseparable from the role of local communities, government, and the private sector. But in practice sometimes only the government and the private sector dominate the development of tourism. Local people who are part and even the owner of a natural and social-cultural tourism attraction are not involved in planning the development of a tourist area and tend to be marginalized. This study aims to explore the perception of local communities towards the development of the Tumpa Mount People's Forest Park as an Ecotourism Attraction. Descriptive qualitative research methods are used to describe or use the details obtained from the respondent’s explanations supported by data that are quantitative. The respondent sampling technique is purposive. The results show that the community supports the establishment of this area is to become eco-tourism attraction.

scholarly journals Think Locally and Act Globally: Understanding Human Development in the Era of Globalisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Klekotko ◽  
Anna Jastrzębiec-Witowska ◽  
Krzysztof Gorlach ◽  
Piotr Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
International Social ◽  
Special Meaning

Abstract For well over two decades the phrase “Think Global, Act Local” shaped the rhetoric used by social movements, environmental activists and intellectuals critical of the neoliberal narrative of globalisation. The intention was to obtains ideas and solutions elaborated in various parts of the world implemented in local communities and to give special meaning to progressive proposals of international social movement contesting globalisation. This approach could certainly be beneficial in terms of the diffusion of good environmental practices or spreading civil society ideas in developing countries. However, when global ideas reach local ground, they remain global ideas, and sometimes very foreign ones, which may take over or eclipse local concepts in unintended or less-than-ideal ways. Occasionally, this approach could even lead to overpowering what is local instead of empowering it. Therefore, having the empowerment of local communities in mind, we propose that those who really contest globalisation of the neoliberal narrative should turn the tables and work to “Think Locally, Act Globally.” Thinking locally and acting globally helps to ensure that adequate attention will be paid to local needs and local ideas. Presently, no local community exists outside of the global context and its influences, which affects the writings of contemporary sociologists who tend to emphasise the concept of “place” when analysing local communities. The nature of bonds on the local level changes in the globalised world, as local communities become more goal-oriented, utilising the functional proximity of people and other assets of the community. These new types of communities emerge even in places previously recognised as being shaped by local customs and traditions. These changes can be seen in the rural, semi-rural and small-town communities of Zalipie and Dąbrowa Tarnowska in Małopolska, as well as Radzionków in Silesia and in the nationwide study of rural communities in Poland. Their potential as the communities of the new type can be recognised as matching with neo-endogenous and sustainable development concepts.

Technological Learning and Innovations in Indigenous Leather Clusters in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
Willie O. Siyanbola ◽  
Olumuyiwa O. Olamade ◽  
Oluseyi O. Isola ◽  
Boladale A. Adebowale
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
Innovative Capability ◽  
History Of

Indigenous technologies are integral part of the culture and history of a local community. The need to learn from local communities to enrich the development process cannot be over-emphasized. This chapter aims at advancing the position that Nigeria’s indigenous technologies present significant opportunities for local economic transformation and global competitiveness. Analyses of two major indigenous leather clusters in Nigeria, as well as a review of successful country cases, throw up some specific strategic and policy issues. The chapter concludes that effective knowledge transfer and innovative capability build-up through appropriate government interventions are the basic requirements for sustainable growth of indigenous technologies in Nigeria.

Creating Participatory Global Cultures

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadwick F. Alger
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
External Impact ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Solidarity

This paper, resting on the belief that people everywhere have the right to determine their own culture instead of having one imposed on them in the name of national or global solidarity, maintains that this right can become real only if people at the local community level gain the competence to control all external impact on their culture and thereby contribute to new global cultures through participation in work and in local government, both of which produce feelings of efficacy that lead to participation in the wider society. It then outlines the principles of external relations of local communities that would enable them to preserve their cultural autonomy and contribute to common culture for a broader society and the world. This would provide a place for self-reliant local communities in their visions of future worlds.

scholarly journals Unearthing Mythological Legends of Local Communities in Pontevedra, Capiz, Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossandrew Banico Villaruel
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
The People ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Materials

The mythological origin of a place does not literally tell us where we are or who we are, they can be clues to understand the significant stories of history of a place it may be in the form of words and phrases used by the first inhabitants and speaking of the things that they saw, experienced and heard in the world around them. The study was conducted to unearth the mythological legends of different local communities in the municipality of Pontevedra, Capiz. The study used a qualitative-historical-ethnographic research designs and data were gathered through interview. The results revealed that out of 26 local communities in the municipality of Pontevedra, Capiz, Philippines, there were seven local communities with two legends. Most legends were classified as allegorical and philological theories; each legend has legendary root; one local community legend has relevance to its festival celebration; 15 local community legends have relevance to its topographical location and 10local community legends are relevant to the livelihood of the people. The names of every local community can be traced to its own legend, has etymological root and do not show relevance to their festival celebrations. The researcher recommended the use of locally produced literary materials in reading centers for the preservation of historical and cultural aspect of the municipality.Keywords— Mythology, legend, qualitative- historical- ethnographic method, Pontevedra, Capiz, Philippines

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