scholarly journals Tsunami Risk in Japanese Coast and Recent Mitigation Technique using Removable Breakwater

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1940002
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hiraishi
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
The West ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Japanese Coast ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City ◽  
Mitigation Technique

In this paper, the tsunami risk in the west coast of Japan is introduced. Especially, the inundation risk in Osaka city is discussed. Three visor gates are installed at the mouths of main rivers in the city. The gates are mainly installed to prevent the storm surge due to typhoons but they are effective to reduce the tsunami height at the mouth point of river. Though the gates are necessary to prevent the tsunami inundation, the stability against tsunami forces is not enough because the gates were constructed in 1960s. Therefore, the removable breakwater is now under consideration to reduce the tsunami force. The hydraulic experiment was carried out in order to investigate the applicability of the removable breakwater. The reduction rate by the breakwater was derived from the experiment.

scholarly journals Numizmatički nalazi s arheološkog lokaliteta Pakoštane - Crkvina

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josipa Baraka ◽  
Jure Šućur
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
The West ◽  
The Road ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Objects

The site of Pakoštane-Crkvina, situated at the position called Košević at the west coast of the Vrana Lake, in the immediate vicinity of the road connecting Pakoštane and Vrana, has been systematically excavated by the Department of Archaeology of the University of Zadar. On this occasion the authors selected numismatic finds which were recovered during the last five research campaigns out of multitude of archaeological objects. Total of 11 coins were found so far, covering wide chronological range from the 4th to 18th centuries. Numismatic finds from the site of Pakoštane – Crkvina were poorly preserved. However after cleaning and conservation it was possible to determine with certainty dating of ten preserved numismatic finds. This numismatic material represents a reflection of historical-commercial activities of the wider Mediterranean region, including the city of Zadar and its wider surrounding which comprises the site of Pakoštane-Crkvina as its inseparable part.

Two Notes on Ptolemy's Geography of India

1941 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Town ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Good Access ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Market Towns

The Periplus Marts Erythræ describes the seaports below Barygaza in the following way according to Schoff's translation: “The market-towns of this region are, in order, after Barygaza: Suppara, and the city of Calliena, which in the time of the elder Saraganus became a lawful market-town; but since it came into the possession of Sandares [an unjustified conjecture for the text's Sandanes] the port is much obstructed, and Greek ships landing there may chance to be taken to Barygaza under guard. Beyond Calliena there are other market-towns of this region; Semylla.…” Suppara is now Sopara on the coast above Bassein, Semylla is Cemūla of two inscriptions, now Chaul, and Calliena is Kalyāṇa. This last, situated at the foot of the two regular ascents of the Western Ghats leading towards Nasik and Poona respectively and with good access to the sea, was the natural outlet for the commerce of the Andhra dominions on the west coast, and the notice, just quoted, shows how its trade was stifled, as the Kṣaharātas extended their rule southwards from Broach. It is unnecessary here to consider who are the kings alluded to in this passage or in the earlier one mentioning Nambanus (a conjecture for the text's Mambarus), but clearly we are dealing with the rivalry of the Western Satraps and the Andhra kings. That the former were successful in their policy towards Kalyāṇa is shown by Ptolemy's omission of the town. The order he gives (taking Renou's text) is Souppara mouth of the River Goaris, Dounga, mouth of the River Bêndas, Semyla.

scholarly journals Gubernur Jenderal VOC Jan Pieterszoon Coen dan Pembangun Kota Batavia (1619-1629)

Sosio e-kons ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Rani Noviyanti
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The establishment of the city of Batavia on the west coast of the north coast of Java, cannot be separated from the role of a figure named Jean Pieterzoon Coen. Although previously Jayakarta (the name before Batavia), was controlled and built by Pangeran Fatahillah, the situation and conditions in the social and economic fields of Jayakarta were not like the management of J.P. Coen. After Jayakarta was controlled by the VOC, through a military expedition policy designed by JP. Coen, the condition of the city of Jayakarta slowly gradually increased in the social and economic fields. The increase in the city of Batavia in the social and economic fields was based on three JP policies. Coen was quite brave, namely increasing trade activities in the Sunda port of Kalapa, revitalizing the position of the islands in northern Batavia as a base of administration and defense and security, and opening the widest door for Chinese traders and immigrants. The three policies, in fact, were purely based on the thoughts outlined by JP. Coen, after taking over the Jayakarta area from the mastery of Prince Fatahillah.</p><p>Keywords: J.P. Coen, Kota Batavia.</p><p><strong><em>ABSTRAK</em></strong></p><p>Pendirian kota Batavia di sebelah barat pesisir pantai utara Jawa, tidak dapat dipisahkan dari peran seorang tokoh yang bernama Jean Pieterzoon Coen. Meskipun sebelumnya Jayakarta (nama sebelum Batavia), dikuasai dan dibangun oleh Pangeran Fatahillah, akan tetapi situasi dan kondisi dalam bidang sosial dan ekonomi Jayakarta tidak seperti pada masa pengelolaan J.P. Coen. Setelah Jayakarta dikuasai oleh VOC, melalui kebijakan ekspedisi militer yang dirancang oleh JP. Coen, keadaan kota Jayakarta perlahan demi perlahan semakin meningkat dalam bidang sosial dan ekonomi. Peningkatan kota Batavia dalam lapangan sosial dan ekonomi dilatari oleh tiga kebijakan JP. Coen yang cukup berani, yakni meningkatkan aktivitas perdagangan di pelabuhan Sunda Kalapa, merevitalisasi kedudukan pulau-pulau di utara Batavia sebagai basis adiministrasi dan pertahanan dan keamanan, serta membuka pintu seluas-luasnya bagi pedagang dan pendatang etnis Tionghoa. Tiga kebijakan tersebut, sejatinya meurpakan murni hasil pemikiran yang dituangkan olh JP. Coen, setelah mengambil alih wilayah Jayakarta dari penguasaan pangeran Fatahillah.</p><p>Kata Kunci : J.P. Coen, Kota Batavia.</p>

scholarly journals Yachts Passing by the West Coast of Portugal – What to Do to Make the Marina and the Destination of Figueira da Foz a Nautical Tourism Reference?

Pomorstvo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís silveira ◽  
Norberto Santos ◽  
Fernando Perna
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
West Coast ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
The West ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The City

Yachting appears as a tourism segment with proven and specific importance for the economic and social development of tourist destinations Every year, thousands of yachts cross the Portuguese waters. Figueira da Foz is a seaside city and a destination with a history connected to tourism activities. Despite having a marina located in the city centre, the number of yachts stopping by is still far from this nautical port maximum capacity. As a reaction, and to change this reality, both local and regional stakeholders have participated in a Delphi panel to find out if yacht tourism has the potential to increase. It has been found that both the destination and its marina have the resources to attract and make this territory a nautical reference, and a strategy has been created. This model may serve as a basis for application in other nautical ports.

Miletus

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The City

Originally famed for its philosophers of nature, Miletus became one of the great cities of commerce of the ancient world. Its four harbors and strategic location on the west coast of Asia Minor gave the city unique advantages as a vital port in both peace and war. Yet these factors also were the cause of repeated periods of invasion and destruction. Eventually Miletus ceased to be a major player in world affairs, not because of the fortunes of war, but because of the slower but deadlier effects of the gentle Meander River, which silted its harbors and created malaria-ridden marshes. Miletus is easily reached from Izmir by taking E87 south to Selçuk, then proceeding on highway 525 through Söke to Akköy, then north through Balat to the site of Miletus. Today it is difficult to imagine that Miletus once was situated on a narrow peninsula and boasted of four harbors, three on the west and one on the east. Due to the continual silting effects of the Meander River, the ruins of Miletus now are situated in a broad plain some 5 miles from the sea. The island of Lade, where the Persian armada burned and destroyed the Ionian fleet in 494 B.C.E., was once to the west of the coast of Miletus. Now it is merely a hill 4 miles west of Miletus. A Mycenaean colony that had cultural contacts with Crete and Greece existed in this location from 1400 B.C.E. Greeks settled in the area by at least the 10th century B.C.E. The city prospered and grew wealthy from its colonies on the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, and even in Egypt. It was one of the first cities in the ancient world to mint coins. Soon Miletus became the most important of the twelve cities of the region of Ionia. The city came under Persian control in 546 B.C.E. and later opposed them in the Battle of Lade, but the result was the loss of their fleet and the complete destruction of their city in 494 B.C.E. Herodotus, in fact, said that Miletus was reduced to slavery. Subsequently, Ephesus surpassed Miletus as the first city of the region.

scholarly journals Accessibilty analysis of tsunami evacuation route to self supported shelter in sub-district Pasie Nan Tigo, Padang City

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Febrin Anas Ismail ◽  
Masrilayanti ◽  
Tria Yuli Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
The West ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Mentawai Island ◽  
The City

The city of Padang, the capital of West Sumatra, has 1 million populations and located on the west coast of Sumatra. The city situated at two earthquake sources that are subduction zone in the Indian Ocean and Sumatra fault inland of Sumatra. Since the year 2006, Padang city is often experiencing an earthquake from both sources. In Mentawai island, about 200 km from Padang City westward, there is still what so-called seismic gap that very potential to generate big earthquake followed by a tsunami. To anticipate this, the mitigation measurements are needed to prepare the people on the west coast of Sumatra, especially in Padang city. One of the activities is to prepare the shelter that can cover around 600,000 people prone to tsunami near the beach. The infrastructures for shelter are very limited. There are only 4 shelters that have been built that have capacity about 2000-3000 people. To anticipate this condition, it needs to build what so-called self-supported shelter. The self-supported shelter is an idea or concept of utilizing a mosque or musholla to be a shelter by participating in the community surrounding its construction and management. The shelter will have a function as the ritual of religion and the tsunami evacuation place. Mosque or musholla is selected to shelter since it does not need to buy land, available in the near residence area, and easy to get funds in its construction. There are some aspects need to be prepared in order to function a shelter well, that is, the selection of location, the evacuation system, the construction method, the accessibility, and the structural design. This paper focus on analysis of the accessibility of evacuation routes to self-supported shelter in terms of time estimation, road facilities, and barrier during evacuation. The case study is chosen as the sub-district of Pasie Nan Tigo that has about 12,000 populations. The result can be a model in designing accessibility to self-supported shelters in the other area.

scholarly journals THE PLANFORM STABILITY OF EMBAYED BEACHES ON THE WEST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahrizal Ab Razak ◽  
Nurhamizah Jamaludin ◽  
Nur Ariffah Zaimah Mohd Nor
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
The West ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Prior Investigation ◽  
The Stability

Embayed beaches can be found along the West coast of Peninsular Malaysia and they are subject to beach’s dynamic changes.  Some part of the coast along the West coasts have experienced severe erosion for several decades, in spite of the construction of various coastal defence structures. Therefore, it is crucial to predict the stability of embayed beaches along the West coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The planform stability of embayed beaches was established by applying the MEPBAY model. It was found that the total number of embayed beaches along the West coast of Peninsular Malaysia is 139 with 73 % were natural embayed beaches and 27 % were artificial embayed beaches. From the analyses, out of the 139 embayed beaches; 82 % were in static equilibrium and 18 % were in dynamic state. The causes of the instability of embayed beaches are the topography of the embayed beach, discrepancies in the design of previous coastal structures, influenced by wave climate as well as human intervenes without prior investigation of the biological and physical effects towards the beach. Furthermore, the applicability of engineering solutions applied on embayed beaches that are in either dynamic equilibrium can be predicted using MEPBAY programme.

Capital and Crowd in a Declining Asian Port City: The Anglo-Bania Order and the Surat Riots of 1795

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Social Order ◽  
East India Company ◽  
New Order ◽  
Port City ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
The West ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
The City

Surat, the waning port city of the departed Great Mughals, was rocked by riots on 6 August 1795. The lower orders of the Muslim population fell upon the shops and houses of the Bania residents of the city, looting grain, demolishing the images of their gods and tearing up their account books. This was the response of a collapsing social order to the thrust of a highly adaptive banking and trading group which had adroitly allied itself to the rising English power on the West Coast of India. A combination of circumstances in the half century following 1750 had resulted in the formation of a mercantile and political order distinguished by the mutually beneficial cooperation of the English East India Company and the Bania bankers and merchants of Surat and Bombay. The violent protest by the Muslims against the new order served only to reaffirm the significance of the Anglo-Bania alliance as the central fact in the unfolding political and commercial situation on the West Coast. The once powerful Mughal ruling élite and the once wealthy Muslim shipping magnates1 were no longer in a position to offer much resistance to the English East India Company and its Bania allies. Likewise the popular Muslim disaffection failed to shake by violence the foundations of the emerging Anglo-Bania order. An analysis of the August riots in Surat would afford the historian a unique opportunity to assess the nature and impact of the new order on the West Coast and to understand the crumbling social structure of a traditional port city—the composition of its lower orders and its burgher groups and their responses to the major changes that were taking place in the political and trading structure of Surat in the second half of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Outbreak of legionellosis in Stavanger, Norway – final report

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Blystad ◽  
E Bjorlow ◽  
P Aavitsland ◽  
J Holm
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Urinary Antigen ◽  
The West ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
The City

Eurosurveillance Weekly has previously reported a community outbreak of legionnaires' disease in Norway, in the city of Stavanger, on the west coast of the country (1). Twenty-six confirmed cases and two probable cases were identified in this first reported outbreak of legionellosis in Norway. The first patient presented with symptoms on 18 July, the last on 7 September. All confirmed cases had urinary antigen detected. In addition, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was cultured from nine patients.

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