Tsunami modelling of the 7250 cal years BP Betsiamites submarine landslide

2018 ◽  
Vol 477 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Turmel ◽  
Jacques Locat ◽  
Jonathan Leblanc ◽  
Geneviève Cauchon-Voyer
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Runout Distance ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
The North ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

AbstractOn the north shore of the St Lawrence Estuary (Québec, Canada), near the Betsiamites river delta, a large sub-aerial submarine landslide complex was mapped using multi-beam bathymetry and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Previous analysis of this landslide complex revealed that, since 7250 cal years BP, at least four different landsliding events occurred to form the present morphology, in which over 2 km3 of material have been mobilized. The 7.25 cal ka BP landslide is of particular interest here: this landslide is entirely submarine and mobilized about 1.3 km3 of material, deposited over an area of 54 km2, which make this landslide the largest identified on the St Lawrence estuary seafloor. This landslide showed a runout distance of about 15 km. Landslide-generated tsunamis may be triggered by such a landslide, where a large volume of material is mobilized in a short time. Kinematic analysis of this landslide was previously performed, and here we use these analyses in order to perform tsunami wave generation and propagation modelling. It is shown in this analysis that, even if the mobilized volume is very high and there is a long runout, the tsunami generated is small with tsunami wave amplitudes of <1.5 m, except in the vicinity of the landslide. The highest tide elevation in this part of the St Lawrence Estuary is about 5.5 m, so the impact of such a tsunami wave may be limited.

scholarly journals Do Barrow's Goldeneyes, Bucephala islandica, Breed South of the St. Lawrence Estuary in the Gaspé Peninsula, Eastern Canada?

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Jean-François Ouellet ◽  
Pierre Fradette ◽  
Isabel Blouin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

We report the first observations of Barrow's Goldeneyes south of the St. Lawrence estuary in typical breeding habitat during the breeding season. Until recently, the confirmed breeding locations for the species in Eastern North America were all located on the north shore of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence.

The structure of psoluthurin A, the major triterpene glycoside of the sea cucumber Psolusfabricii

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Xavier Garneau ◽  
Jean-Luc Simard ◽  
Odette Harvey ◽  
John W. Apsimon ◽  
Michel Girard
Keyword(s):  
Triterpene Glycoside ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

The isolation of the major triterpene glycoside from the sea cucumber Psolusfabricii obtained from the north shore of the St. Lawrence estuary is described. Versatile extraction and purification procedures were used and physico-chemical data is presented in support of structure 1 for psoluthurin A.

scholarly journals La mer de Goldthwait au Québec

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Quebec City ◽  
The South ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Marine Invasion ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Anticosti Island ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

The Goldthwait Sea is defined as the late- and post-Glacial marine invasion in the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf east of Québec City. In Québec, this sea has submerged an area of about 25 000 km2. The largest areas submerged are the north shore of the St. Lawrence between Les Escoumins and Blanc-Sablon, the south shore between Levis and Tourelles, and the Anticosti Island. The upper limit of the Goldthwait Sea varies from place to place. The Goldthwait Sea began 14 000 years ago and land emergence is still in progress, since the pre-Wisconsin marine level has not been recovered yet. For a better chronology, this long interval needs to be subdivided. Three main periods have been recognized: Goldthwaitian I, II and III. However, a geographical subdivision is also needed. Numerous shorelines were observed at various elevations throughout the area formely submerged by the Goldthwait Sea. However, only a few shorelines are well developed and extensive, and correlations between former shorelines are difficult to establish. Only three levels are widespead and common to the Estuary and parts of the Gulf. The isostatic recovery has been rapid during the first three thousand years after déglaciation of the area: about 75%.

Autumnal patterns of nocturnal passerine migration in the St. Lawrence estuary region, Quebec, Canada: a weather radar study

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gagnon ◽  
Jacques Ibarzabal ◽  
Jean-Pierre L. Savard ◽  
Marc Bélisle ◽  
Pierre Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Late Night ◽  
The North ◽  
Flight Direction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Passerine Migration

We documented the pattern of nocturnal passerine migration on each side of the St. Lawrence estuary (Côte-Nord north and Gaspésie south), using the Doppler Canadian weather surveillance radar of Val d’Irène (XAM). We examined whether autumnal migrants flew across the St. Lawrence, resulting in a uniform broad-front migration, or avoided crossing it, resulting in a bird concentration along the north coast. We found that a proportion of migrants crossed the estuary but that most followed the north coast. Ranges at which birds were detected were, on average, greater on Côte-Nord, thereby rejecting the uniform broad-front migration hypothesis, inasmuch as reflectivity measurements suggested that bird concentrated along Côte-Nord. The mean flight direction on Côte-Nord was southwest but shifted westward as the night progressed, avoiding crossing the estuary by late night. In Gaspésie, the mean flight direction over land was south and no directional shift was observed throughout the night. Flight altitude reach up to 1000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), but migratory activity was highest in the first 500 m a.s.l. It appears that the St. Lawrence estuary acts as a leading line and a barrier for nocturnal passerine migrants, and likely shapes migration farther south in Canada and in the United States.

scholarly journals A numerical study of submarine–landslide–generated tsunami and its propagation in Majene, West Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
H Khoirunnisa ◽  
S Karima ◽  
G Gumbira ◽  
R A Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Landslide Volume

Abstract On 14th January 2021, there was a devastating earthquake (Mw 6.2) hit Mamuju and Majene, West Sulawesi, Indonesia at 18.28 UTC. According to National Disaster Management Authority, this event causes 84 casualties and 279 houses were damaged. The Sulawesi Island is situated in a very complex tectonic region, there are several thrusts and faults along the area such as Majene Thrust, Palu-Karo Thrust, Matano Fault, and Tolo Thrust that can lead to tectonic activities. One of the largest earthquakes was a 7.9 Mw in 1997 generated from North Sulawesi Megathrust that caused a catastrophic tsunami. Moreover, there were 9 tsunami events in the Makassar Strait from the year 1800 to 1999. In this research, three different scenarios of the tsunami in Majene were applied to obtain the tsunami elevation. Makassar Strait could be potentially generated tsunami wave from submarine landslides due to its steep bathymetry that will impact the coastline at Sulawesi and Kalimantan, so it is necessary to model the tsunami propagation using submarine landslide as the tsunami generation. The volume of submarine landslide had been used in tsunami submarine landslide modelling as an input. Those are included the height, width and length of the submarine landslide volume. Furthermore, the domain bathymetry was obtained from National Bathymetry (BatNas) with spacing grid of 300 m × 300 m. The submarine landslide coordinate is also needed as a source of tsunami at 2.98°S and 118.94°E. The slide angle and slope angle are also inputted in this modelling with three experimental volumes, namely 1 km3, 0.8 km3, and 0.5 km3. This submarine landslide tsunami modelling used the Non-Hydrostatic WAVE Model (NHWAVE) method to obtain tsunami wave generation. The result from NHWAVE model will be used for initial elevation of tsunami wave propagation using the Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq wave model - Total Variation Diminishing (FUNWAVE - TVD) method. The highest initial tsunami elevation value at each observation point obtained from the NHWAVE model occurred at point 18 (the closest location to the earthquake source), which is around 0.4 –1.2 m. The FUNWAVE simulation result is the tsunami wave propagation for 180 minutes later. In the 180th minute, the tsunami wave was still propagating towards the north of Sulawesi Island to the east of Kalimantan Island.

Observations in the turbidity maximum of the St. Lawrence Estuary

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Silverberg ◽  
Bjørn Sundby
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
The North ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Maximum Turbidity Zone ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

A series of 13 and 25 h anchor stations and individual stations were occupied along the axis of the North Channel of the St. Lawrence Estuary during periods of both high and low river runoff. The data collected have permitted a detailed examination of the variations in salinity, suspended matter concentrations, and the size distributions of the suspended matter and the bottom sediments of the maximum turbidity zone. The high turbidity appears to be maintained by a complex density-driven circulation in combination with the resuspension of bottom sediments near the head of the estuary. The phenomenon may be aided by the breaking of internal waves. A longitudinal structure, which is only slightly influenced by changes in river discharge, is discernible for the zone. The highest concentrations of suspended matter occur in a well mixed region at the head of the estuary and suspended particulate matter levels decrease seaward as a two-layer estuarine circulation becomes better developed.

Occurrence and general behavior of balaenopterid cetaceans summering in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy L. Edds ◽  
J. Andrew F. Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
The Past ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Field Season ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Blue Whales

Baleen whale movements were monitored from a hillside on the north shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary from 28 June to 27 September 1979. No diurnal or tidal relationships were apparent for the two most abundant species, the minke and finback. Single minke whales were seen almost daily. Adult pairs were only seen on four dates, and no adult-calf pairs were observed. Twenty-two small minkes were observed; three were possibly 1st-year calves. Finbacks occurred singly and in groups, particularly later in the field season. Resightings of distinctive finbacks indicate that adult pairings are temporary. One finback had been seen in the area in 1973–1975. Adult–calf pairs and seven single juveniles were also seen. Observations of finbacks pursued by whale watchers provide evidence that some regulation of the rapidly growing whale-watching industry may be warranted. Blue whales and humpback whales were seen far less frequently than minkes and finbacks. The relative abundances of minke, finback, and humpback were similar to 1973–1974 in the same area: however, blue whales were seen far more frequently in the past.

scholarly journals The impact of model variation in CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature impulse response functions on emission metrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 935-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. L. Olivié ◽  
G. P. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Emission metrics are necessary to determine the relative climate effect of emissions of different species, such as between CO2 and CH4. Most emission metrics are based on Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) derived from singe models. There is currently very little understanding on how IRFs vary across models, and how the model spread propagates into the metric values. In this study, we first derive three CO2 IRF distributions from Carbon-Cycle models in the inter-comparison projects C4MIP and LTMIP, and three temperature IRF distributions from AOGCMs in the inter-comparison projects CMIP3 and CMIP5. Each distribution is based on the behaviour of several models, and takes into account their spread. The derived IRF distributions differ considerably, which is partially related to differences among the underlying models, but also to the specific scenarios (experimental setup) used in the inter-comparison exercises. For example, the very high emission pulse in LTMIP leads to considerably higher CO2 IRFs, while the abrupt forcing scenario in CMIP5 leads to a relatively high temperature IRF the first four to five years. The spreads within the different IRF distributions are however rather similar. In a second part of the study, we investigate how differences among the IRFs then impact GWP, GTP and iGTP emission metric values for time horizons up to 100 yr. The spread in the CO2 IRFs causes rather similar impacts in all three metrics. The LTMIP IRF gives 20–35% lower metric values, while the C4MIP IRFs give up to 40% higher values for short time horizons shifting to lower values for longer time horizons. Within each derived CO2IRF distribution, underlying model differences give similar spreads on the metrics in the range of −15% to 25% (10–90% spread). The GTP and iGTP metrics are also impacted by spread in the temperature IRFs, and this impact differs strongly between both metrics. For GTP, the impact of the spread is rather strong for species with a short life time. For BC, depending on the time horizon, 50% lower to 85% higher values can be found using the CMIP5 IRF, and slightly lower variations are found when using the CMIP3 IRFs (10% lower to 40% higher). For CH4 the impact from spread in the temperature IRF is still considerable, but it becomes small for longer-lived species. On the other hand, the impact from spread in the temperature IRF on iGTP is very small for all species for time horizons up to 100 yr as it is an integrated metric. Finally, as part of the spread in IRFs is caused by the specific setup of the inter-comparison exercises, there is a need for dedicated inter-comparison exercises to derive CO2 and temperature IRFs.

scholarly journals Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (North Aegean Sea, off Thasos Island): insights from numerical modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Janin ◽  
Mathieu Rodriguez ◽  
Dimitris Sakellariou ◽  
Vasilis Lykousis ◽  
Christian Gorini
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
North Anatolian Fault ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
The North ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
North Aegean Sea ◽  
Water Height

Abstract. The North Anatolian Fault in the northern Aegean Sea triggers frequent earthquakes of magnitude up to Mw ∼ 7. This seismicity can be a source of modest tsunamis for the surrounding coastlines with less than 50 cm height according to numerical modelling and analysis of tsunami deposits. However, other tsunami sources may be involved, like submarine landslides. We assess the severity of this potential hazard by performing numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from a Holocene landslide (1.85 km3 in volume) identified off Thasos island. We use a model coupling the simulation of the submarine landslide, assimilated to a granular flow, to the propagation of the tsunami wave. The results of these simulations show that a tsunami wave of water height between 1.10 m and 1.65 m reaches the coastline at Alexandroupolis (58.000 inhabitants) one hour after the triggering of the landslide. In the same way, tsunamis waves of water height between 0.80 m and 2.00 m reach the coastline of the Athos peninsula 9 min after the triggering of the landslide. Landslide tsunamis should not be neglected as a potential source of tsunami in the area. Despite numerous earthquakes of Mw > 7 and strong detrital input (on the order of 30 cm ka−1), only a few Holocene landslides have been recognized so far, asking the question of the relationships between seismicity and landslide frequency in the area.

Caractéristiques hydrodynamiques d'un estran à forte sédimentation

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Troude ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Sérodes
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Tidal Creeks ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In the St. Lawrence estuary (Canada), tidal flats localized in the area of saline intrusion are covered with up to 30 cm of fine sedimentation during July, August, and September. This sedimentation is the result of waters coming from the turbidity zone. The upper half of the tidal flats are covered with a tidal marsh. This vegetation is very important in preventing the sediments from eroding. In the tidal marsh, measurements with automatic current meters were taken during periods longer than a month. These showed that, among the vegetation, currents are weak and steady during spring tides and neap tides, whereas next to the drainage systems, currents are heavily dependant on the range of the tide. Close to the shore, currents decrease significantly, thus helping fine sedimentation to occur. A mathematical simulation of the currents made on a line perpendicular to the shore shows the impact of the vegetation on the formation of the drainage system in the tidal flats. Water entrapment by the vegetation at the end of the flood initiates the creation of creeks and insures their continuity throughout the summer. As soon as the vegetation is destroyed, creeks fill up with sediments and disappear from the surface of the tidal marsh. Contrary to what could be assumed, the mathematical model also shows that spring tides, even though associated with strong currents, promote a very active sedimentation on the tidal marsh. In the St. Lawrence estuary, erosion of the mud flats deposits is observed during short periods of strong winds in summer. This high energy and high variability do explain the strong year to year variation in sedimentation observed in the tidal flats. Key words: currents, intertidal sedimentation, tidal creeks, tidal flats.

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