FG-LiquID

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Yumeng Liang ◽  
Anfu Zhou ◽  
Huanhuan Zhang ◽  
Xinzhe Wen ◽  
Huadong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Robust Identification ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Coarse Grained Material ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fine Grained Material ◽  
The Difference

Contact-less liquid identification via wireless sensing has diverse potential applications in our daily life, such as identifying alcohol content in liquids, distinguishing spoiled and fresh milk, and even detecting water contamination. Recent works have verified the feasibility of utilizing mmWave radar to perform coarse-grained material identification, e.g., discriminating liquid and carpet. However, they do not fully exploit the sensing limits of mmWave in terms of fine-grained material classification. In this paper, we propose FG-LiquID, an accurate and robust system for fine-grained liquid identification. To achieve the desired fine granularity, FG-LiquID first focuses on the small but informative region of the mmWave spectrum, so as to extract the most discriminative features of liquids. Then we design a novel neural network, which uncovers and leverages the hidden signal patterns across multiple antennas on mmWave sensors. In this way, FG-LiquID learns to calibrate signals and finally eliminate the adverse effect of location interference caused by minor displacement/rotation of the liquid container, which ensures robust identification towards daily usage scenarios. Extensive experimental results using a custom-build prototype demonstrate that FG-LiquID can accurately distinguish 30 different liquids with an average accuracy of 97%, under 5 different scenarios. More importantly, it can discriminate quite similar liquids, such as liquors with the difference of only 1% alcohol concentration by volume.

scholarly journals Boudinage in Glacier Ice — Some Examples

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (72) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hambrey ◽  
A. G. Milnes
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Planar Anisotropy ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
First Results ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Strain Axis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shear Planes

Boudinage structures have only rarely been reported in glacier ice, yet they seem to be widespread in Swiss glaciers. They form in debris-free, strongly foliated ice by the stretching, necking and rupture of layers or groups of layers, when the principal compressive strain axis lies at a high angle to the layering. Two main types of boudinage are distinguished. The first results from the difference in competence between fine-grained and coarse-grained ice, and indicates that the former is more resistant to flow than the latter. The second occurs in more equigranular ice which shows a strong planar anisotropy; associated with the necking of such ice is the development of shear planes, along which the layers are displaced. As in deformed rocks, it is not possible to determine the directions of the finite principal strain axes from the boudinage structures alone. Although the boudins described here all occur in longitudinal foliation, it is suggested that they are likely to form in other situations also.

Effect of grain size and mechanical processing on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.W. Lee ◽  
K.H. Auh
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Coarse Grained Material

Dielectric properties of polycrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics having grain sizes of 1 to 40 μm have been studied. Fine-grained ceramic BaTiO3 of 1 μm average grain size has 90°domains and has shown higher dielectric constant, lower ferroelectric transition temperature (Tc), and lower transition energy than coarser-grained material. 90°domain switching was preferentially produced in the fine-grained BaTiO3 as a result of abrasion. For the fine-grained BaTiO3, the dielectric constant decreased with one-dimensional pressure, whereas, for the coarse-grained material, the dielectric constant increased before decreasing with the pressure. The one-dimensional pressure resulted in increased Tc of both the fine- and coarse-grained BaTiO3, with the effect being the greatest for the coarse-grained material. The relationship between these results and internal stress, and the effect of external pressure imposed on internally stressed lattice, were discussed.

scholarly journals A generalized photon-tracking approach to simulate spectral snow albedo and transmissivity using X-ray microtomography and geometric optics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Letcher ◽  
Julie Parno ◽  
Zoe Courville ◽  
Lauren Farnsworth ◽  
Jason Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
East Central ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Visible Wavelengths ◽  
Tracing Techniques ◽  
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution ◽  
Snow Samples

Abstract. A majority of snow radiative transfer models (RTM) treat snow as a collection of idealized grains rather than a semi-organized ice-air matrix. Here we present a generalized multi-layer photon-tracking RTM that simulates light transmissivity and reflectivity through snow based on x-ray microtomography, treating snow as a coherent structure rather than a collection of grains. Notably, the model uses a blended approach to expand ray-tracing techniques applied to sub-1 cm3 snow samples to snowpacks of arbitrary depths. While this framework has many potential applications, this study's effort is focused on simulating light transmissivity through thin snowpacks as this is relevant for surface energy balance applications and sub-nivean hazard detection. We demonstrate that this framework capably reproduces many known optical properties of a snow surface, including the dependence of spectral reflectance on snow grain size and incident zenith angle and the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). To evaluate how the model simulates transmissivity, we compare it against spectroradiometer measurements collected at a field site in east-central Vermont. In this experiment, painted panels were inserted at various depths beneath the snow to emulate thin snow. The model compares remarkably well against the spectroradiometer measurements. Sensitivity simulations using this model indicate that snow transmissivity is greatest in the visible wavelengths and is limited to the top 5 cm of the snowpack for fine-grained snow, but can penetrate as deep as 8 cm for coarser grain snow. An evaluation of snow optical properties generated from a variety of snow samples suggests that coarse grained low density snow is most transmissive.

scholarly journals The Influence of A Cross-Channel Extrusion Process on The Microstructure and Properties of Copper

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Łyszkowski ◽  
Magdalena Łazińska ◽  
Dariusz Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Pure Copper ◽  
Secondary Recrystallization ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Structure ◽  
Fine Grained Material ◽  
Experimental Trials

A new cross-channel extrusion (CCE) method with the application of a back pressure (BP) is proposed and experimentally tested. The introduction of pressure blocks the free flow of material by using an additional set of pistons, which prevents the loss of consistency. The paper presents results of experimental trials of CCE process. Between one and eight passes of CCE with and without a BP were applied to pure copper billets to refine their initial coarse-grained microstructure at room temperature. It was found that processing by CCE results in the formation of a lamellar structure along the extruded axis and the fine-grained structure in the remaining volume. The material exhibited dynamic recrystallization, which results in the formation of 0.5- to 2-μm grains after one pass and 2- to 8-μm grains after four CCE passes. The fine-grained material had YS of 390-415 MPa. An increase in the microhardness from 70 to 130 HV02 after one pass and then a decrease after four passes were observed. This might indicate that secondary recrystallization and selective grain growth occur, because an exothermic peak (158.5 °C, 53 ± 2.1 J/mol) was observed during DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) testing. The resistivity of the once deformed copper significantly decreases, while its further processing causes the resistivity to increase.

scholarly journals Boudinage in Glacier Ice — Some Examples

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (72) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hambrey ◽  
A. G. Milnes
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Planar Anisotropy ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
First Results ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Strain Axis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shear Planes

Boudinage structures have only rarely been reported in glacier ice, yet they seem to be widespread in Swiss glaciers. They form in debris-free, strongly foliated ice by the stretching, necking and rupture of layers or groups of layers, when the principal compressive strain axis lies at a high angle to the layering. Two main types of boudinage are distinguished. The first results from the difference in competence between fine-grained and coarse-grained ice, and indicates that the former is more resistant to flow than the latter. The second occurs in more equigranular ice which shows a strong planar anisotropy; associated with the necking of such ice is the development of shear planes, along which the layers are displaced. As in deformed rocks, it is not possible to determine the directions of the finite principal strain axes from the boudinage structures alone. Although the boudins described here all occur in longitudinal foliation, it is suggested that they are likely to form in other situations also.

An Experimental Comparison of Compressive Strengths of Soils Stabilized with Enzyme and Ground Quicklime

2011 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Peng ◽  
Hai Tao Su ◽  
Xin Ping Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Glass Containers ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Coarse Grained Soil

A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the difference of strengths of soils stabilized with enzyme and ground quicklime respectively. Perma-Zyme as an enzymatic soil stabilizer was used in this research. The analysis of the experimental data indicated that the type of soil and curing condition affected those treated with Perma-Zyme or ground quicklime significantly. Perma-Zyme can clearly improve the strengths of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil from 7 to 60 days of curing under air-dry condition, but had no significant effect on the strengths of silty loam under air-dry condition and those in sealed glass containers. Under the air-dry conditions, the unconfined compressive strengths of lime-stabilized soil were lower than those treated with Perma-Zyme at different ages. In sealed glass containers, the unconfined compressive strengths of lime-stabilized soil were higher than those treated with Perma-Zyme, because the water in specimens can not evaporate and can promote further hydration of the ground quicklime particles.

Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on the Texture Evolution and Superplasticity of a Zn-0.3wt.% Al Alloy

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 889-894
Author(s):  
Tae Kwon Ha ◽  
Hyo Tae Jeong ◽  
Young Won Chang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Subsequent Aging ◽  
Variable Theory ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Material

Texture evolution and superplastic deformation behavior of a quasi-single phase Zn-0.3wt%Al have been investigated. It was attempted to produce a stable and fine-grained microstructure in a dilute Zn-Al alloy through a proper thermomechanical treatment process (TMTP). The grain size of about 1 µm was obtained in the Zn-0.3 wt.% Al alloy and a relatively coarse grain size of 10 µm was also obtained through a subsequent aging treatment. The fine-grained material showed typical rolling texture with basal poles tilted about 30 degrees away from the ND toward RD, while the coarse-grained material showed a typical recrystallization texture with basal poles parallel to ND. A series of load relaxation and tensile tests were conducted at room temperature. According to the internal variable theory of structural superplasticity, the grain boundary characters of fine and coarse-grained materials were different from each other. A large elongation of about 1400% was obtained in fine-grained material at room temperature.

Correlation between dislocation, grain boundary and interface of duplex SS in stress corrosion cracking(SCC)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
Wang Zheng-fang ◽  
Z.F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Welding Thermal Cycle ◽  
Micro Analysis

The main purpose of this study highlights on the evaluation of chloride SCC resistance of the material,duplex stainless steel,OOCr18Ni5Mo3Si2 (18-5Mo) and its welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).18-5Mo is a dual phases (A+F) stainless steel with yield strength:512N/mm2 .The proportion of secondary Phase(A phase) accounts for 30-35% of the total with fine grained and homogeneously distributed A and F phases(Fig.1).After being welded by a specific welding thermal cycle to the material,i.e. Tmax=1350°C and t8/5=20s,microstructure may change from fine grained morphology to coarse grained morphology and from homogeneously distributed of A phase to a concentration of A phase(Fig.2).Meanwhile,the proportion of A phase reduced from 35% to 5-10°o.For this reason it is known as welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).In association with difference of microstructure between base metal and welded CGZ,so chloride SCC resistance also differ from each other.Test procedures:Constant load tensile test(CLTT) were performed for recording Esce-t curve by which corrosion cracking growth can be described, tf,fractured time,can also be recorded by the test which is taken as a electrochemical behavior and mechanical property for SCC resistance evaluation. Test environment:143°C boiling 42%MgCl2 solution is used.Besides, micro analysis were conducted with light microscopy(LM),SEM,TEM,and Auger energy spectrum(AES) so as to reveal the correlation between the data generated by the CLTT results and micro analysis.

scholarly journals SVM-Based Bearing Anomaly Identification with Self-Tuning Network-Fuzzy Robust Proportional Multi Integral and Smart Autoregressive Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Shahnaz TayebiHaghighi ◽  
Insoo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Crack Identification ◽  
Original Signal ◽  
Signal Modeling ◽  
Residual Signal ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, the combination of an indirect self-tuning observer, smart signal modeling, and machine learning-based classification is proposed for rolling element bearing (REB) anomaly identification. The proposed scheme has three main stages. In the first stage, the original signal is resampled, and the root mean square (RMS) signal is extracted from it. In the second stage, the normal resampled RMS signal is approximated using the AutoRegressive with eXternal Uncertainty (ARXU) technique. Moreover, the nonlinearity of the bearing signal is solved using the combination of the ARXU and the machine learning-based regression, which is called AMRXU. After signal modeling by AMRXU, the RMS resampled signal is estimated using a combination of the proportional multi-integral (PMI) technique, the variable structure (VS) Lyapunov technique, and a self-tuning network-fuzzy system (SNFS). Finally, in the third stage, the difference between the original signal and the estimated one is calculated to generate the residual signal. A machine learning-based classification technique is utilized to classify the residual signal. The Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset is used to evaluate anomaly identification performance of the proposed scheme. Regarding the experimental results, the average accuracy for REB crack identification is 98.65%, 97.7%, 97.35%, and 97.67%, respectively, when the motor torque loads are 0-hp, 1-hp, 2-hp, and 3-hp.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Future Climate Change Scenarios on Ground Subsidence

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara ◽  
David Pulido-Velazquez ◽  
Rosa María Mateos ◽  
Pablo Ezquerro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Material ◽  
The Impact

In this work, we developed a new method to assess the impact of climate change (CC) scenarios on land subsidence related to groundwater level depletion in detrital aquifers. The main goal of this work was to propose a parsimonious approach that could be applied for any case study. We also evaluated the methodology in a case study, the Vega de Granada aquifer (southern Spain). Historical subsidence rates were estimated using remote sensing techniques (differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar, DInSAR). Local CC scenarios were generated by applying a bias correction approach. An equifeasible ensemble of the generated projections from different climatic models was also proposed. A simple water balance approach was applied to assess CC impacts on lumped global drawdowns due to future potential rainfall recharge and pumping. CC impacts were propagated to drawdowns within piezometers by applying the global delta change observed with the lumped assessment. Regression models were employed to estimate the impacts of these drawdowns in terms of land subsidence, as well as to analyze the influence of the fine-grained material in the aquifer. The results showed that a more linear behavior was observed for the cases with lower percentage of fine-grained material. The mean increase of the maximum subsidence rates in the considered wells for the future horizon (2016–2045) and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenario 8.5 was 54%. The main advantage of the proposed method is its applicability in cases with limited information. It is also appropriate for the study of wide areas to identify potential hot spots where more exhaustive analyses should be performed. The method will allow sustainable adaptation strategies in vulnerable areas during drought-critical periods to be assessed.

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